This study re-examines the relationships between the five mindfulness facets of observing, describing, acting-with-awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity, and the affective personality measures inspired by the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). The rRST measures assess behavioural inhibition sensitivity, fight-flight-freeze sensitivity, and the behavioural approach sensitivity components of reward interest, goal-drive-persistence, reward reactivity, and impulsivity. Research has suggested that relationships exist between specific mindfulness facets and specific rRST constructs. However, some non-significant relationships were reported, possibly due to the small sample used. Also included in the analyses is (self-reported) attentional control, a variable that has not been accounted for in rRST and mindfulness research, but is inter-correlated with mindfulness and anxiety. In a sample of 641 participants, behavioral inhibition sensitivity shared a negative relationship with the describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity components of mindfulness, and the impulsivity component of behavioural approach sensitivity shared a negative relationship with the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness. This is consistent with previous research. Attentional control shared a positive relationship with the describing, acting with awareness. and non-judging facets of mindfulness. In conclusion, specific reinforcement sensitivity personality constructs and attentional control relate to specific mindfulness components. Trait mindfulness and/or the efficacy of mindfulness interventions could be affected by variations in reinforcement sensitivity and attentional control ability.
{"title":"Re-examining the relationship between mindfulness facets, attentional control, and dispositional reinforcement sensitivity","authors":"Andrew R. du Rocher","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38453","url":null,"abstract":"This study re-examines the relationships between the five mindfulness facets of observing, describing, acting-with-awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity, and the affective personality measures inspired by the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). The rRST measures assess behavioural inhibition sensitivity, fight-flight-freeze sensitivity, and the behavioural approach sensitivity components of reward interest, goal-drive-persistence, reward reactivity, and impulsivity. Research has suggested that relationships exist between specific mindfulness facets and specific rRST constructs. However, some non-significant relationships were reported, possibly due to the small sample used. Also included in the analyses is (self-reported) attentional control, a variable that has not been accounted for in rRST and mindfulness research, but is inter-correlated with mindfulness and anxiety. In a sample of 641 participants, behavioral inhibition sensitivity shared a negative relationship with the describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity components of mindfulness, and the impulsivity component of behavioural approach sensitivity shared a negative relationship with the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness. This is consistent with previous research. Attentional control shared a positive relationship with the describing, acting with awareness. and non-judging facets of mindfulness. In conclusion, specific reinforcement sensitivity personality constructs and attentional control relate to specific mindfulness components. Trait mindfulness and/or the efficacy of mindfulness interventions could be affected by variations in reinforcement sensitivity and attentional control ability.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-reductive ideation is characterized by a tendency to attribute causality to non-physical powers and mysterious forms of intelligent agency such as conspiracist ideation, belief in specific conspiracy theories, and belief in the paranormal. Scholars have identified numerous individual correlates of non-reductive ideation but do not examine shared patterns across multiple predictors to determine subtypes of individuals with different psychological profiles. We address this gap by considering a large set of predictors in a diverse cross-section of the US public (N=792) to uncover latent subtypes of individuals with varying tendencies toward non-reductive ideation. Schizotypal and neurotic tendencies were the strongest predictors of non-reductive ideation, while sociopolitical identity (e.g., political ideology) contributed little explanatory power. We find five distinct latent classes distinguished by: schizotypal and paranoid ideation, alienated skepticism toward people/society, and a negative sense of self. We discuss these results in light of previous findings and suggest directions for future research.
{"title":"Conspiracist and paranormal beliefs: A typology of non-reductive ideation","authors":"N. Dieckmann, R. Hartman","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38006","url":null,"abstract":"Non-reductive ideation is characterized by a tendency to attribute causality to non-physical powers and mysterious forms of intelligent agency such as conspiracist ideation, belief in specific conspiracy theories, and belief in the paranormal. Scholars have identified numerous individual correlates of non-reductive ideation but do not examine shared patterns across multiple predictors to determine subtypes of individuals with different psychological profiles. We address this gap by considering a large set of predictors in a diverse cross-section of the US public (N=792) to uncover latent subtypes of individuals with varying tendencies toward non-reductive ideation. Schizotypal and neurotic tendencies were the strongest predictors of non-reductive ideation, while sociopolitical identity (e.g., political ideology) contributed little explanatory power. We find five distinct latent classes distinguished by: schizotypal and paranoid ideation, alienated skepticism toward people/society, and a negative sense of self. We discuss these results in light of previous findings and suggest directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social anxiety is related to normal variation in personality and manifests as anxiety concerning interactions with others (social interaction anxiety), and/or as a fear of social scrutiny whilst performing tasks when under observation from others (social phobia). In revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) a behavioral inhibition system (BIS) facilitates defensive approach behaviors and anxiety in situations of uncertainty. A fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) facilitates fear and avoidance behaviors, and a behavioral approach system (BAS) facilitates anticipated reward and/or approach-based behaviors. rRST suggests that a socially anxious phenotype would experience elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and dampened BAS sensitivity. We used self-report measures to test if the effects of social interaction anxiety and social phobia (which reflects the fear of social scrutiny) are separable within rRST, as in rRST anxiety and fear are separate constructs. Low levels of self-esteem are a risk factor for social anxiety, thus we tested how two sub-components of self-esteem referred to as self-acceptance and self-assessment predict social interaction anxiety and social phobia. 405 participants (mean age = 30.6; 86% female) completed the online study. Social interaction anxiety and social phobia were positively correlated with BIS and FFFS-flight sensitivity, and were negatively correlated with BAS, and FFFS-fight sensitivity in males and females. Social interaction anxiety and social phobia were negatively correlated with self-acceptance in males and females. Multiple regression showed that for females BIS and FFFS-flight scores were prominent positive predictors of social interaction anxiety whereas BIS was a prominent positive predictor of social phobia. For males the FFFS-fight subscale was a prominent negative predictor of social interaction anxiety. Overall, a synthesis of the present study and previous studies suggests that there may be subtle differences in how trait social interaction anxiety and trait social phobia relate to reinforcement sensitivity.
{"title":"The role of dispositional reinforcement sensitivity and self-esteem in social interaction anxiety and social phobia","authors":"Andrew R. du Rocher, Elizabeth Warfield","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38022","url":null,"abstract":"Social anxiety is related to normal variation in personality and manifests as anxiety concerning interactions with others (social interaction anxiety), and/or as a fear of social scrutiny whilst performing tasks when under observation from others (social phobia). In revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) a behavioral inhibition system (BIS) facilitates defensive approach behaviors and anxiety in situations of uncertainty. A fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) facilitates fear and avoidance behaviors, and a behavioral approach system (BAS) facilitates anticipated reward and/or approach-based behaviors. rRST suggests that a socially anxious phenotype would experience elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and dampened BAS sensitivity. We used self-report measures to test if the effects of social interaction anxiety and social phobia (which reflects the fear of social scrutiny) are separable within rRST, as in rRST anxiety and fear are separate constructs. Low levels of self-esteem are a risk factor for social anxiety, thus we tested how two sub-components of self-esteem referred to as self-acceptance and self-assessment predict social interaction anxiety and social phobia. 405 participants (mean age = 30.6; 86% female) completed the online study. Social interaction anxiety and social phobia were positively correlated with BIS and FFFS-flight sensitivity, and were negatively correlated with BAS, and FFFS-fight sensitivity in males and females. Social interaction anxiety and social phobia were negatively correlated with self-acceptance in males and females. Multiple regression showed that for females BIS and FFFS-flight scores were prominent positive predictors of social interaction anxiety whereas BIS was a prominent positive predictor of social phobia. For males the FFFS-fight subscale was a prominent negative predictor of social interaction anxiety. Overall, a synthesis of the present study and previous studies suggests that there may be subtle differences in how trait social interaction anxiety and trait social phobia relate to reinforcement sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43950678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The factorial structure of a combined set of items originating from two frequently used adult attachment measures in the field of psychopathology was examined. By employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a nonclinical sample (N = 1533), an eight-factor model emerged covering four (higher-order) dimensions: (I) avoidance vs. security (avoidance of intimacy, distrust in others, confidence in self and others) (II) anxiety (preoccupation with others, the need for approval and separation anxiety); (III) relationships as secondary; and (IV) independency. In two validation studies, the interpersonal and affective meaning of these newly formed attachment scales were examined by using instruments that accentuate agentic and communal interpersonal orientations in human contact. Multiple regression analyses indicated that almost 40% of variance in depression and 15% of variance in dissociation could be explained by the hybrid attachment scales. The results show that distrust, preoccupation, and separation anxiety may increase the risk for depression, while confidence seems to diminish it. Distrust and relationships as secondary emerged as the only two significant predictors of dissociation. Notably, close inspection of the eight-factor model challenges the original composition of several subscales of the original questionnaires involved. Possibilities to further improve and extend the multi-dimensional assessment of adult attachment are being discussed in detail.
{"title":"Assessment of adult attachment: Construction and validation of a hybrid self-report measure","authors":"Rolf Van Geel, T. Houtmans","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38297","url":null,"abstract":"The factorial structure of a combined set of items originating from two frequently used adult attachment measures in the field of psychopathology was examined. By employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a nonclinical sample (N = 1533), an eight-factor model emerged covering four (higher-order) dimensions: (I) avoidance vs. security (avoidance of intimacy, distrust in others, confidence in self and others) (II) anxiety (preoccupation with others, the need for approval and separation anxiety); (III) relationships as secondary; and (IV) independency. In two validation studies, the interpersonal and affective meaning of these newly formed attachment scales were examined by using instruments that accentuate agentic and communal interpersonal orientations in human contact. Multiple regression analyses indicated that almost 40% of variance in depression and 15% of variance in dissociation could be explained by the hybrid attachment scales. The results show that distrust, preoccupation, and separation anxiety may increase the risk for depression, while confidence seems to diminish it. Distrust and relationships as secondary emerged as the only two significant predictors of dissociation. Notably, close inspection of the eight-factor model challenges the original composition of several subscales of the original questionnaires involved. Possibilities to further improve and extend the multi-dimensional assessment of adult attachment are being discussed in detail.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morin (2022)’s first objection is that our findings are at odds with the literature. We show that they are not: (a) We already agreed that inner speech and executive control can be causally related under specific circumstances, including in development, and (b) we obtained the same pattern of correlations between self-awareness, inner speech, and self-regulation others have. We reiterate that the issue is not the correlations, but the lack of evidence for any mediated relationship between habitual inner speech and self-regulation. We also argue against Morin’s second point—the proposed inadequacy of our surveys. Ultimately, however, we feel that an empirical foray is needed to settle our differences and find truth, and we thus propose an adversarial collaboration to that effect.
{"title":"The curious incident of inner speech in self-regulation: A rejoinder to Morin (2022)","authors":"P. Verhaeghen, Grazia Mirabito","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38402","url":null,"abstract":"Morin (2022)’s first objection is that our findings are at odds with the literature. We show that they are not: (a) We already agreed that inner speech and executive control can be causally related under specific circumstances, including in development, and (b) we obtained the same pattern of correlations between self-awareness, inner speech, and self-regulation others have. We reiterate that the issue is not the correlations, but the lack of evidence for any mediated relationship between habitual inner speech and self-regulation. We also argue against Morin’s second point—the proposed inadequacy of our surveys. Ultimately, however, we feel that an empirical foray is needed to settle our differences and find truth, and we thus propose an adversarial collaboration to that effect.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using correlations and hierarchical regression analysis, Verhaeghen and Mirabito (2021) found that while self-awareness was associated with self-regulation, inner speech was not, suggesting that the latter does not play a causal role in either self-awareness nor self-regulation. This motivated the authors to claim that “inner speech is easiest understood as an epiphenomenon” (p. 8). In this Commentary, I suggest that the authors conceptualized and measured inner speech, self-regulation, and self-awareness in inappropriate ways. The two measures chosen to assess inner speech either do not relate to self-regulation (VISQ) or self-awareness (SVQ). Self-awareness was measured using composites of various scales assessing mindfulness (which represents a related, yet different construct) which contains multiple items not representative of a typical self-awareness process. The self-regulation measure was also produced using various subscales assessing self-preoccupation and self-compassion—two self-processes very loosely associated with the target construct. Different results would have been obtained if the authors had used established measures. Their results contradict what has been consistently reported in the literature and do not cast doubt on the recognized fact that inner speech plays a significant, and often causal, role in self-awareness and self-regulation.
{"title":"Inner speech does not represent an epiphenomenon: Commentary on Verhaeghen & Mirabito (2021)","authors":"A. Morin","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.8.38267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.8.38267","url":null,"abstract":"Using correlations and hierarchical regression analysis, Verhaeghen and Mirabito (2021) found that while self-awareness was associated with self-regulation, inner speech was not, suggesting that the latter does not play a causal role in either self-awareness nor self-regulation. This motivated the authors to claim that “inner speech is easiest understood as an epiphenomenon” (p. 8). In this Commentary, I suggest that the authors conceptualized and measured inner speech, self-regulation, and self-awareness in inappropriate ways. The two measures chosen to assess inner speech either do not relate to self-regulation (VISQ) or self-awareness (SVQ). Self-awareness was measured using composites of various scales assessing mindfulness (which represents a related, yet different construct) which contains multiple items not representative of a typical self-awareness process. The self-regulation measure was also produced using various subscales assessing self-preoccupation and self-compassion—two self-processes very loosely associated with the target construct. Different results would have been obtained if the authors had used established measures. Their results contradict what has been consistently reported in the literature and do not cast doubt on the recognized fact that inner speech plays a significant, and often causal, role in self-awareness and self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated whether NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and its six facets could be identified in the natural trait lexicon. To represent the NEO-PI-R Openness, a list of 113 items was selected from a lexically derived trait list developed for the eight-factor trait model of De Raad and Barelds (2008). We used ratings from two samples. The first (N=271) filled out the lexical Openness scales, the NEO-PI-R Openness scales, and scales measuring the eight-factor model. From the second sample (N=1,466), ratings were used to analyze the lexical Openness scales. Correlations between the eight-factor scales and the two sets of Openness scales indicated that Openness scales are fairly covered by the eight factors, except for the Ideas and Values facets of the NEO-PI-R. The lexical Openness scales correlated well with the NEO-PI-R Openness scales. Openness to Experience and its six facets were identified in the natural trait lexicon, but exploratory factor analyses did not support the six-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R Openness, neither did they lead to a similar six-facet structure across samples. Moreover, it did not consistently support a proposed two-facet structure emphasizing internal openness (fantasy, aesthetics) and external openness (ideas, change).
{"title":"Psycho-lexically based Openness to Experience","authors":"Boele de Raad, B.F. Mulder, D. Barelds","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.7.38194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.38194","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and its six facets could be identified in the natural trait lexicon. To represent the NEO-PI-R Openness, a list of 113 items was selected from a lexically derived trait list developed for the eight-factor trait model of De Raad and Barelds (2008). We used ratings from two samples. The first (N=271) filled out the lexical Openness scales, the NEO-PI-R Openness scales, and scales measuring the eight-factor model. From the second sample (N=1,466), ratings were used to analyze the lexical Openness scales. Correlations between the eight-factor scales and the two sets of Openness scales indicated that Openness scales are fairly covered by the eight factors, except for the Ideas and Values facets of the NEO-PI-R. The lexical Openness scales correlated well with the NEO-PI-R Openness scales. Openness to Experience and its six facets were identified in the natural trait lexicon, but exploratory factor analyses did not support the six-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R Openness, neither did they lead to a similar six-facet structure across samples. Moreover, it did not consistently support a proposed two-facet structure emphasizing internal openness (fantasy, aesthetics) and external openness (ideas, change).","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality traits and values are known to be some of the best predictors for happiness, but what is yet to be investigated is whether these also can account for beliefs in future happiness. Using an Mturk sample (N = 317), personal future happiness and global future happiness (the future of the world) were regressed on personality traits (Big Five) and values (Schwartz's 10 Values). The results showed that personality and values predicted beliefs in personal future happiness, but not global future happiness. Personality also accounted for twice the variance compared to values. These findings confirm the well-established literature on personality and happiness.
{"title":"Predicting future happiness on the basis of personality traits and values","authors":"P. Kajonius","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.7.37717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37717","url":null,"abstract":"Personality traits and values are known to be some of the best predictors for happiness, but what is yet to be investigated is whether these also can account for beliefs in future happiness. Using an Mturk sample (N = 317), personal future happiness and global future happiness (the future of the world) were regressed on personality traits (Big Five) and values (Schwartz's 10 Values). The results showed that personality and values predicted beliefs in personal future happiness, but not global future happiness. Personality also accounted for twice the variance compared to values. These findings confirm the well-established literature on personality and happiness. ","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41545328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on the first study of the structure of the Mini-IPIP in Thailand. A modified version was used that included additional Honesty-Humility items. A four-factor structure was found in a Southern Thai community sample (N=212), that did not match previously reported factor structures. When using a separate student sample (N=201), the structure was partially replicated. Two socially oriented dimensions (Social Approach versus Social Withdrawal; Traditional Affiliation), Neuroticism, and a broad Egotism factor capturing low Humility and low Conscientiousness items, emerged. The trait structure in this non-Western sample shows some meaningful divergence from standard five-factor models, suggesting possible cultural modulation of basic personality descriptions.
{"title":"Alternative four-factor structure of the Mini-IPIP in Thailand","authors":"R. Fischer","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.7.37978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37978","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the first study of the structure of the Mini-IPIP in Thailand. A modified version was used that included additional Honesty-Humility items. A four-factor structure was found in a Southern Thai community sample (N=212), that did not match previously reported factor structures. When using a separate student sample (N=201), the structure was partially replicated. Two socially oriented dimensions (Social Approach versus Social Withdrawal; Traditional Affiliation), Neuroticism, and a broad Egotism factor capturing low Humility and low Conscientiousness items, emerged. The trait structure in this non-Western sample shows some meaningful divergence from standard five-factor models, suggesting possible cultural modulation of basic personality descriptions.","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew R. du Rocher, Jessica Barker, Monika I. Chalupka, Anna France, Raisa S. Habib, Joel H. Holzer, B. M. Johnston, Heather Mee, Imaan Mohammed, Rebecca Quail
The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) perspective on personality suggests that a neuropsychological behavioural inhibition system (BIS), behavioural approach system (BAS), and a fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) produce the key personality traits involved in approach and avoidance behaviours. This perspective on personality can be used as a framework for understanding psychopathology. Self-report research on rRST suggests that restrictive disordered eating relates to elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and possibly dysfunctional BAS sensitivity. Disordered eating can also relate to reduced trait mindfulness, which is a broadly defined construct. Trait mindfulness is positively correlated with attentional control (AC) which is a more specific component of our cognitive architecture that incorporates attentional focusing and attentional shifting processes. It is unknown how BIS and AC interact to predict restrictive disordered eating. We tested how self-reported BIS, BAS, and FFFS sensitivity, AC, and trait mindfulness relate to restrictive disordered eating in 464 healthy participants, and 177 participants with a history of psychiatric disorder. We provide new evidence that elevated restrictive disordered eating relates to reduced self-reported AC abilities (in addition to elevated BIS, and elevated FFFS sensitivity). We illustrate that the combination of high BIS and low AC predicts high levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants), whereas low BIS and high AC predicts lower levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants). We discuss how understanding the relationship between personality and attentional control can inform the design of future intervention studies.
{"title":"Are reinforcement sensitivity personality constructs and attentional control important predictors of restrictive disordered eating?","authors":"Andrew R. du Rocher, Jessica Barker, Monika I. Chalupka, Anna France, Raisa S. Habib, Joel H. Holzer, B. M. Johnston, Heather Mee, Imaan Mohammed, Rebecca Quail","doi":"10.21827/ijpp.7.37818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37818","url":null,"abstract":"The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) perspective on personality suggests that a neuropsychological behavioural inhibition system (BIS), behavioural approach system (BAS), and a fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) produce the key personality traits involved in approach and avoidance behaviours. This perspective on personality can be used as a framework for understanding psychopathology. Self-report research on rRST suggests that restrictive disordered eating relates to elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and possibly dysfunctional BAS sensitivity. Disordered eating can also relate to reduced trait mindfulness, which is a broadly defined construct. Trait mindfulness is positively correlated with attentional control (AC) which is a more specific component of our cognitive architecture that incorporates attentional focusing and attentional shifting processes. It is unknown how BIS and AC interact to predict restrictive disordered eating. We tested how self-reported BIS, BAS, and FFFS sensitivity, AC, and trait mindfulness relate to restrictive disordered eating in 464 healthy participants, and 177 participants with a history of psychiatric disorder. We provide new evidence that elevated restrictive disordered eating relates to reduced self-reported AC abilities (in addition to elevated BIS, and elevated FFFS sensitivity). We illustrate that the combination of high BIS and low AC predicts high levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants), whereas low BIS and high AC predicts lower levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants). We discuss how understanding the relationship between personality and attentional control can inform the design of future intervention studies. ","PeriodicalId":91096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of personality psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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