Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.12.2.355
M. Mohammadpour, M. Fattahi, M. Sahraian, A. Moghadasi, S. Navardi
Background: Fingolimod, as an immunosuppressive drug, is used in the treatment of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. During recent pandemic, several controversies raised to stop or continue immunosuppressive drugs such as fingolimod in patients who developed coronavirus disease 2019. In this regard, most of consensuses advised to stop the consumption of this drug, but try to re-initiate before 6-8 weeks to prevent the disease’s activity or occurrence of rebound phenomenon. Case presentation: we report a 40-year old female patient with Multiple Sclerosis receiving fingolimod. Having peripheral lymphopenia, she developed coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms, tested for polymerase chain reaction of coronavirus, and the result was positive. Afterward, she stayed at home and did not stop fingolimod. However, her symptoms have improved and she did not need hospitalization for the entire course of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Conclusion: The effects of the treatment with fingolimod on a patient infected by coronavirus disease 2019 are complex. On one hand, fingolimod withdrawal can increase the number of circulating lymphocytes, which consequently improves body defense against viral infections. On the other hand, it can also increase the risk of cytokine storm, which could be harmful. Therefore, further studies needed to find the risks and beneficial effects of fingolimod on coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
{"title":"Mild COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis, while Taking Fingolimod: A Case Report","authors":"M. Mohammadpour, M. Fattahi, M. Sahraian, A. Moghadasi, S. Navardi","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.12.2.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.12.2.355","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fingolimod, as an immunosuppressive drug, is used in the treatment of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. During recent pandemic, several controversies raised to stop or continue immunosuppressive drugs such as fingolimod in patients who developed coronavirus disease 2019. In this regard, most of consensuses advised to stop the consumption of this drug, but try to re-initiate before 6-8 weeks to prevent the disease’s activity or occurrence of rebound phenomenon. Case presentation: we report a 40-year old female patient with Multiple Sclerosis receiving fingolimod. Having peripheral lymphopenia, she developed coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms, tested for polymerase chain reaction of coronavirus, and the result was positive. Afterward, she stayed at home and did not stop fingolimod. However, her symptoms have improved and she did not need hospitalization for the entire course of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Conclusion: The effects of the treatment with fingolimod on a patient infected by coronavirus disease 2019 are complex. On one hand, fingolimod withdrawal can increase the number of circulating lymphocytes, which consequently improves body defense against viral infections. On the other hand, it can also increase the risk of cytokine storm, which could be harmful. Therefore, further studies needed to find the risks and beneficial effects of fingolimod on coronavirus disease 2019 patients.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69699574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.21.10.374
Jake Hindmarch
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) is first line treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). After AIS, many patients are anticoagulated, which is a contraindication to IV-tPA. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) provides an alternative treatment for AIS patients who have contraindications for IV-tPA. Limited data exists regarding the safety of EVT in anticoagulated patients. We aim to determine the safety of EVT in anticoagulated patients through comparing the rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) in anticoagulated and nonanticoagulated patients. Furthermore, we aim to compare differences in functional outcome and mortality after EVT in both patient groups. A meta-analysis of 10 studies was performed to assess the risk of developing sICH in anticoagulated patients who underwent EVT to treat AIS. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from the studies. Meta-analysis showed no difference in the rate of sICH between anticoagulated patients and those with normal haemostasis (OR =1.21; 95% C.I.: 0.88, 1.67). Ninety-day mortality was similar among both groups. Most authors report similar rates of good functional outcome at 90-days between patient groups. EVT appears to be a safe treatment option in patients who are therapeutically anticoagulated.
{"title":"Safety of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Anticoagulated Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jake Hindmarch","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.21.10.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.21.10.374","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) is first line treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). After AIS, many patients are anticoagulated, which is a contraindication to IV-tPA. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) provides an alternative treatment for AIS patients who have contraindications for IV-tPA. Limited data exists regarding the safety of EVT in anticoagulated patients. We aim to determine the safety of EVT in anticoagulated patients through comparing the rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) in anticoagulated and nonanticoagulated patients. Furthermore, we aim to compare differences in functional outcome and mortality after EVT in both patient groups. A meta-analysis of 10 studies was performed to assess the risk of developing sICH in anticoagulated patients who underwent EVT to treat AIS. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from the studies. Meta-analysis showed no difference in the rate of sICH between anticoagulated patients and those with normal haemostasis (OR =1.21; 95% C.I.: 0.88, 1.67). Ninety-day mortality was similar among both groups. Most authors report similar rates of good functional outcome at 90-days between patient groups. EVT appears to be a safe treatment option in patients who are therapeutically anticoagulated.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69699654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.356
J. Mathew
Isolated Orthopnea due to neuromuscular factors in a patient known to have myasthenia gravis is very unusual. Past history of operated thymoma in such a patient may have specific implications with regard to its etiology and is discussed.
{"title":"Isolated Orthopnea in Myasthenia Gravis","authors":"J. Mathew","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.356","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated Orthopnea due to neuromuscular factors in a patient known to have myasthenia gravis is very unusual. Past history of operated thymoma in such a patient may have specific implications with regard to its etiology and is discussed.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69700331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.12.1.347
Ehsan Esmaili Sh, Iz, C. Bertmar, S. Day, D. Griffiths, E. O. 'Brien, M. Krause
Introduction: Diagnostic uncertainty results in admission and unnecessary treatment of stroke mimics (SMs), leading to substantial expenditure of limited existing resources. We investigated the costs of admitting SMs compared to the cost of MR imaging in the acute setting. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed all suspected stroke admissions from January 2016 until July 2018. We evaluated the costs of admission of SMs to the stroke unit and compared it with the cost assumption of having performed MR instead of CT imaging in all patients who presented with stroke symptoms. Findings: A total of 1745 patients presenting with stroke symptoms was included. 1108 (63%) were diagnosed as ischemic strokes, 321 (18%) with intracranial haemorrhage and 316 (18%) with SMs. The calculated cost of the initial neuroimaging studies for all patients was A$631,291. The cost of performing MRI for these patients would have been A$657,167. Accordingly, the excess cost of performing MRI instead of CT scan in the acute setting would have been A$25,876.00. This is significantly lower than the costs of stroke admission of SMs (A$1,255,373). Conclusion: Unnecessary admission and stroke investigations for SM patients can impose huge expenses on health care system. Since MRI is highly sensitive and specific in diagnosis of acute stroke, utilizing it as the first imaging modality in diagnosis of acute stroke would reduce the cost of stroke admission of SMs.
{"title":"Potential Role of MRI in Reducing the Cost Burden of Stroke Mimic Patients","authors":"Ehsan Esmaili Sh, Iz, C. Bertmar, S. Day, D. Griffiths, E. O. 'Brien, M. Krause","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.12.1.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.12.1.347","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diagnostic uncertainty results in admission and unnecessary treatment of stroke mimics (SMs), leading to substantial expenditure of limited existing resources. We investigated the costs of admitting SMs compared to the cost of MR imaging in the acute setting. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed all suspected stroke admissions from January 2016 until July 2018. We evaluated the costs of admission of SMs to the stroke unit and compared it with the cost assumption of having performed MR instead of CT imaging in all patients who presented with stroke symptoms. Findings: A total of 1745 patients presenting with stroke symptoms was included. 1108 (63%) were diagnosed as ischemic strokes, 321 (18%) with intracranial haemorrhage and 316 (18%) with SMs. The calculated cost of the initial neuroimaging studies for all patients was A$631,291. The cost of performing MRI for these patients would have been A$657,167. Accordingly, the excess cost of performing MRI instead of CT scan in the acute setting would have been A$25,876.00. This is significantly lower than the costs of stroke admission of SMs (A$1,255,373). Conclusion: Unnecessary admission and stroke investigations for SM patients can impose huge expenses on health care system. Since MRI is highly sensitive and specific in diagnosis of acute stroke, utilizing it as the first imaging modality in diagnosis of acute stroke would reduce the cost of stroke admission of SMs.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69699200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.357
A. Al-Sulami
Background: Clobazam is a novel 1,5-benzodiazepine that was initially developed as an antianxiety treatment designed to decrease adverse Effects associated with 1,4- benzodiazepines while maintaining efficacy. It was later found to have antiepileptic properties. Clobazam is well-tolerated and has shown efficacy as an adjunctive therapy for a variety of epilepsy types, including LGS. Studies have reported tolerance rates as high as 87%. Clobazam has an important antiepileptic effect and is less expensive than the new antiepileptic drugs, but still has not been considered as first- line drug in the treatment of epilepsy. Clobazam have been established as valuable addon medication for refractory epilepsy. Clobazam have been used in our institution for more than 15 years; with benefit observe in many patients. Methods and Results: Retrospective chart review of patient who were treated with Clobazam between 2008 and 2017 for treatment of intractable epilepsy. The following information were collected; age, sex, seizures type and frequency per month pre-and post Clobazam. Information was entered in Redcap database. 121 patients were reviewed to evaluate the response of seizures to the use of Clobazam. Age mean is 8 years old; male (73) and female (48). The median decrease in the average number of monthly seizures for all patients was 30. The seizures with highest response to Clobazam are myoclonic, atonic, infantile spasm more than generalized tonic clonic and partial seizures. The median decrease in the average monthly seizures following Clobazam was 30 among males and 40 among females no significant association between the sex and the decrease of average monthly seizures following Clobazam. Clobazam presented a stronger effect on younger children compared to the age above 15. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the efficacy of Clobazam for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Clobazam efficacy more superior in generalized seizures type i.e. myoclonic, atonic, infantile spasm than GTC and partial seizures. Younger children response better than older children.
{"title":"Clobazam Efficacy as an Add-on Therapy for 121 Patients with Intractable Epilepsy","authors":"A. Al-Sulami","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.21.12.357","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clobazam is a novel 1,5-benzodiazepine that was initially developed as an antianxiety treatment designed to decrease adverse Effects associated with 1,4- benzodiazepines while maintaining efficacy. It was later found to have antiepileptic properties. Clobazam is well-tolerated and has shown efficacy as an adjunctive therapy for a variety of epilepsy types, including LGS. Studies have reported tolerance rates as high as 87%. Clobazam has an important antiepileptic effect and is less expensive than the new antiepileptic drugs, but still has not been considered as first- line drug in the treatment of epilepsy. Clobazam have been established as valuable addon medication for refractory epilepsy. Clobazam have been used in our institution for more than 15 years; with benefit observe in many patients. Methods and Results: Retrospective chart review of patient who were treated with Clobazam between 2008 and 2017 for treatment of intractable epilepsy. The following information were collected; age, sex, seizures type and frequency per month pre-and post Clobazam. Information was entered in Redcap database. 121 patients were reviewed to evaluate the response of seizures to the use of Clobazam. Age mean is 8 years old; male (73) and female (48). The median decrease in the average number of monthly seizures for all patients was 30. The seizures with highest response to Clobazam are myoclonic, atonic, infantile spasm more than generalized tonic clonic and partial seizures. The median decrease in the average monthly seizures following Clobazam was 30 among males and 40 among females no significant association between the sex and the decrease of average monthly seizures following Clobazam. Clobazam presented a stronger effect on younger children compared to the age above 15. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the efficacy of Clobazam for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Clobazam efficacy more superior in generalized seizures type i.e. myoclonic, atonic, infantile spasm than GTC and partial seizures. Younger children response better than older children.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69699876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioanna Alexandratou, Chara Zachariadi, V. Katsaros, S. Gatzonis
{"title":"Monocular pendular nystagmus in a patient with a dolichoectatic basilar artery","authors":"Ioanna Alexandratou, Chara Zachariadi, V. Katsaros, S. Gatzonis","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43917912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Damavandi, P. Rizzoli, M. Pecis, P. Bertora, M. Autunno, C. Lovati
{"title":"Right-to-left shunt and obstructive sleep apnea in cluster headache","authors":"P. Damavandi, P. Rizzoli, M. Pecis, P. Bertora, M. Autunno, C. Lovati","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42878739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Simjee, Uzair Nisar, R. Khan, Warda Ainuddin, Iqra Mukhtar, M. Jamal, M. Azam, N. Rizvi, A. Salim, S. Anjum
{"title":"Inhibition of long-term kindled seizures induced alterations in the function of bone marrow cells by AC-31B (essential oil) from Allium cepa","authors":"S. Simjee, Uzair Nisar, R. Khan, Warda Ainuddin, Iqra Mukhtar, M. Jamal, M. Azam, N. Rizvi, A. Salim, S. Anjum","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malaria: pathology, immune response, and vaccine design: A mini review","authors":"Henry S. Pan, Haley O. Tucker","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49364151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.36648/2171-6625.11.1.318
Lieke S. Jorna, J. Spikman, R. Schoemaker, B. Leeuwen, I. Sommer
Objective: Post-operative cognitive decline is a surgical complication involving chronic impairments in different cognitive domains. Although the exact mechanisms behind postoperative cognitive decline are still unknown, there is increasing evidence for a key role of neuroinflammation. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on postoperative cognitive decline. Participants and Methods: An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Psychinfo, EmBase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrial.gov (until November 2019). No year or language restrictions were applied. Only randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled studies that investigated clinical outcome in adult patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia (except brain surgery) were included. The search yielded 574 papers, of which nineteen fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: The current meta-analysis found a significant effect of different anti-inflammatory agents on the incidence of POCD (OR=0.67, p=0.010). Administration of COX-2 inhibitors (OR=0.31, p<0.0001), ketamine (OR=0.44, p=0.38) and lidocaine (OR=0.79, p=0.33) showed better results than placebo in a meta-analysis of at least two studies. Erythromycin (OR=0.14, p=0.006), erythropoietin (OR=0.15, p=0.07) and dexmedetomidine (OR=0.58, p=0.03) were significant in single studies. No beneficial effects on cognition were found for magnesium, 17β- estradiol, dexamethasone and melatonin. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis provide evidence for a potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents on POCD, but further research is necessary to determine which agents are most appropriate for clinical application.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Anti-Inflammatory Medication in Postoperative Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Lieke S. Jorna, J. Spikman, R. Schoemaker, B. Leeuwen, I. Sommer","doi":"10.36648/2171-6625.11.1.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2171-6625.11.1.318","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Post-operative cognitive decline is a surgical complication involving chronic impairments in different cognitive domains. Although the exact mechanisms behind postoperative cognitive decline are still unknown, there is increasing evidence for a key role of neuroinflammation. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on postoperative cognitive decline. \u0000 \u0000Participants and Methods: An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Psychinfo, EmBase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrial.gov (until November 2019). No year or language restrictions were applied. Only randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled studies that investigated clinical outcome in adult patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia (except brain surgery) were included. The search yielded 574 papers, of which nineteen fulfilled the inclusion criteria. \u0000 \u0000Results: The current meta-analysis found a significant effect of different anti-inflammatory agents on the incidence of POCD (OR=0.67, p=0.010). Administration of COX-2 inhibitors (OR=0.31, p<0.0001), ketamine (OR=0.44, p=0.38) and lidocaine (OR=0.79, p=0.33) showed better results than placebo in a meta-analysis of at least two studies. Erythromycin (OR=0.14, p=0.006), erythropoietin (OR=0.15, p=0.07) and dexmedetomidine (OR=0.58, p=0.03) were significant in single studies. No beneficial effects on cognition were found for magnesium, 17β- estradiol, dexamethasone and melatonin. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis provide evidence for a potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents on POCD, but further research is necessary to determine which agents are most appropriate for clinical application.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":"318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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