Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080305
Nika Salvetti, A. Nijhof
This study focuses on understanding the inner psychological (intrinsic) motivations that influence local business leaders in adopting CSR behaviours. The inner motivations are hereby considered as the mind-sets of individuals, the human capacity to interpret reality. According to the constructive developmental theories, individuals experience several stages of consciousness development, as a consequence of their deeper understanding of reality, wisdom and ego awareness. More specifically, building upon the Action Logics framework of Rooke and Torbert (2005), it can be considered what type of action logics relate to advanced forms of CSR behaviours. One of the main contributions of this study to the leadership and CSR literature is to describe each action logics as specific intrinsic motivation and clarify empirically the relationship between action logics of local business leaders and different stages of CSR behaviours, in a specific local context. An inductive research strategy is applied. Nine local business leaders participated in this research and triangulation was applied based on in-depth interviews, observations and company reports to determine CSR behaviours and how they are related to action logics. Template analysis was used for coding the findings. The study resulted in four distinctive patterns about the relationships between action logics and CSR behaviours. The study indicates that: (1) Higher action logics are needed to be engaged in more advanced stages of CSR practices; (2) It is at the achiever action logic level when leaders start moving towards advanced stages of CSR behaviours; (3) Lower action logics cannot induce advanced stages of CSR behaviours; (4) Business leaders with higher action logics can still apply practices of the full range of CSR stages. Based on these findings this paper provides recommendations for future research and managerial practice.
{"title":"The Relationship between Action Logics of Business Leaders and CSR Behaviours in the Ready Made Garment Sector of Bangladesh","authors":"Nika Salvetti, A. Nijhof","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080305","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on understanding the inner psychological (intrinsic) motivations that influence local business leaders in adopting CSR behaviours. The inner motivations are hereby considered as the mind-sets of individuals, the human capacity to interpret reality. According to the constructive developmental theories, individuals experience several stages of consciousness development, as a consequence of their deeper understanding of reality, wisdom and ego awareness. More specifically, building upon the Action Logics framework of Rooke and Torbert (2005), it can be considered what type of action logics relate to advanced forms of CSR behaviours. One of the main contributions of this study to the leadership and CSR literature is to describe each action logics as specific intrinsic motivation and clarify empirically the relationship between action logics of local business leaders and different stages of CSR behaviours, in a specific local context. An inductive research strategy is applied. Nine local business leaders participated in this research and triangulation was applied based on in-depth interviews, observations and company reports to determine CSR behaviours and how they are related to action logics. Template analysis was used for coding the findings. The study resulted in four distinctive patterns about the relationships between action logics and CSR behaviours. The study indicates that: (1) Higher action logics are needed to be engaged in more advanced stages of CSR practices; (2) It is at the achiever action logic level when leaders start moving towards advanced stages of CSR behaviours; (3) Lower action logics cannot induce advanced stages of CSR behaviours; (4) Business leaders with higher action logics can still apply practices of the full range of CSR stages. Based on these findings this paper provides recommendations for future research and managerial practice.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"154-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41312798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080201
Annika Westrenius, Lisa Barnes
In an increasingly competitive environment, engaging with stakeholders is no longer an option but a necessity to ensure short-term and long-term success. This is particularly true in small business, yet little is known about how small business managers make those decisions, often under uncertainty and time pressure. Small businesses operate in networks of interdependent entities (ecosystems) where individuals are known to each other. This supports building of relationships, trust and reputation and removes the separation between 'business' and 'ethics' by promoting a long-term focus. Yet, limited resources and conflicting demands result in a need to prioritise some stakeholder demands. As suggested by Stakeholder Salience, decision makers may prioritise stakeholder claims based on perceived levels of power, legitimacy and urgency. The key decision makers of nine Australian small businesses were asked about their relationships with important stakeholders, how decisions regarding the priority of various stakeholders and their expectations were made and what factors may affect such decisions. Relationships with stakeholders were identified as dynamic and strategic resources, interviewees invested considerable time and effort to build and maintain positive relationships. Consistent with Stakeholder Salience model, decisions were affected by perceptions of stakeholders' level of power, legitimacy and urgency. This research also found that intuitive perceptions about the stakeholder affected the decision-making process, and identified the following additional factors: commitment, dependence and potential exit costs as well as the decision maker's perception of alignment with own values, thereby introducing a moral and ethical consideration that would sometimes take priority over other considerations.
{"title":"Big Decisions in Small Business Ecosystems: Stakeholder Priority","authors":"Annika Westrenius, Lisa Barnes","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080201","url":null,"abstract":"In an increasingly competitive environment, engaging with stakeholders is no longer an option but a necessity to ensure short-term and long-term success. This is particularly true in small business, yet little is known about how small business managers make those decisions, often under uncertainty and time pressure. Small businesses operate in networks of interdependent entities (ecosystems) where individuals are known to each other. This supports building of relationships, trust and reputation and removes the separation between 'business' and 'ethics' by promoting a long-term focus. Yet, limited resources and conflicting demands result in a need to prioritise some stakeholder demands. As suggested by Stakeholder Salience, decision makers may prioritise stakeholder claims based on perceived levels of power, legitimacy and urgency. The key decision makers of nine Australian small businesses were asked about their relationships with important stakeholders, how decisions regarding the priority of various stakeholders and their expectations were made and what factors may affect such decisions. Relationships with stakeholders were identified as dynamic and strategic resources, interviewees invested considerable time and effort to build and maintain positive relationships. Consistent with Stakeholder Salience model, decisions were affected by perceptions of stakeholders' level of power, legitimacy and urgency. This research also found that intuitive perceptions about the stakeholder affected the decision-making process, and identified the following additional factors: commitment, dependence and potential exit costs as well as the decision maker's perception of alignment with own values, thereby introducing a moral and ethical consideration that would sometimes take priority over other considerations.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080203
Jian Zhang
Rural finance is the blood of rural economy. However, the rural financial problem has become a bottleneck restricting the development of rural economy, and the key to solve this problem is to develop the rural inclusive financial system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, through qualitative analysis and investigation analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the construction strategies of inclusive financial system in rural areas of China. Different from the existing research, this paper includes two dimensions and two perspectives. Two dimensions include inclusive financial vertical system and inclusive financial horizontal system. Two perspectives include entity inclusive finance and digital inclusive finance. Specifically, this paper first discusses the general construction principles of the vertical and horizontal systems of inclusive finance in rural areas, and then puts forward and discusses the specific construction strategies of the inclusive financial vertical and inclusive financial horizontal systems in rural areas from the perspectives of entity inclusive finance and digital inclusive finance. The construction strategies of inclusive financial system proposed in this paper will provide an important reference for the development of inclusive finance in rural areas of Jilin Province, as well as for the development of inclusive finance in China or other rural areas in the world.
{"title":"Study on the Constructive Strategies of Inclusive Financial System in Rural Areas of China: Taking Jilin Province as an Example","authors":"Jian Zhang","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080203","url":null,"abstract":"Rural finance is the blood of rural economy. However, the rural financial problem has become a bottleneck restricting the development of rural economy, and the key to solve this problem is to develop the rural inclusive financial system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, through qualitative analysis and investigation analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the construction strategies of inclusive financial system in rural areas of China. Different from the existing research, this paper includes two dimensions and two perspectives. Two dimensions include inclusive financial vertical system and inclusive financial horizontal system. Two perspectives include entity inclusive finance and digital inclusive finance. Specifically, this paper first discusses the general construction principles of the vertical and horizontal systems of inclusive finance in rural areas, and then puts forward and discusses the specific construction strategies of the inclusive financial vertical and inclusive financial horizontal systems in rural areas from the perspectives of entity inclusive finance and digital inclusive finance. The construction strategies of inclusive financial system proposed in this paper will provide an important reference for the development of inclusive finance in rural areas of Jilin Province, as well as for the development of inclusive finance in China or other rural areas in the world.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080202
Dal Didia, P. Ayokunle
The unprecedented accumulation of public debt is a source of anxiety for many Nigerians. Rather than serve as a catalyst for economic development, the debt is now a drag on economic development as Nigeria is struggling to service the interest on these loans, let alone the principal. Furthermore, the pressure to service these loans leads to a myriad of myopic policies that are totally detrimental to the interests of sustainable development. This study therefore examines the impact of public and publicly guaranteed debt on the economic growth of Nigeria. The study disaggregates total public and publicly guaranteed debt into external debt and domestic debt, and examines whether the two kinds of debt have differential impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Utilizing data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, and the World Bank, our empirical analysis using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and covering 1980 – 2016, revealed that domestic debt has a statistically significant positive relationship with economic growth in the long run while external debt exhibiting a negative relationship with economic growth was not statistically significant. The lesson here is that domestic debt appears to be more beneficial in terms of economic growth in Nigeria than external debt as interest paid on domestic loans remains in the country and could be put into further productive economic use. As a policy recommendation from this study, the Federal Government of Nigeria may want to start paying more attention to the mix of domestic debt and external debt in Nigeria's loan portfolio.
{"title":"External Debt, Domestic Debt and Economic Growth: The Case of Nigeria","authors":"Dal Didia, P. Ayokunle","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080202","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented accumulation of public debt is a source of anxiety for many Nigerians. Rather than serve as a catalyst for economic development, the debt is now a drag on economic development as Nigeria is struggling to service the interest on these loans, let alone the principal. Furthermore, the pressure to service these loans leads to a myriad of myopic policies that are totally detrimental to the interests of sustainable development. This study therefore examines the impact of public and publicly guaranteed debt on the economic growth of Nigeria. The study disaggregates total public and publicly guaranteed debt into external debt and domestic debt, and examines whether the two kinds of debt have differential impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Utilizing data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, and the World Bank, our empirical analysis using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and covering 1980 – 2016, revealed that domestic debt has a statistically significant positive relationship with economic growth in the long run while external debt exhibiting a negative relationship with economic growth was not statistically significant. The lesson here is that domestic debt appears to be more beneficial in terms of economic growth in Nigeria than external debt as interest paid on domestic loans remains in the country and could be put into further productive economic use. As a policy recommendation from this study, the Federal Government of Nigeria may want to start paying more attention to the mix of domestic debt and external debt in Nigeria's loan portfolio.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49178231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/AEB.2020.080105
Rongyu Wang
We analyze the ordering decisions of a manager who acquires demand information to make inventory decisions. Human beings' cognitive ability in information acquisition is imperfect by nature. We adopt the rational inattention theory to model the information acquisition activity. By reformulating the rational inattention decision problem, we find that rational inattention theory resembles the free energy principle (Friston 2009, 2010) that is used to model brain activities. Therefore, rational inattention theory gets a neurocognitive foundation. We obtain closed-form solutions of the optimal action strategies, which is a discrete distribution although the states are continuous. The process of resulting the optimal action strategies shows that the essence of the process, as a neurocognitive activity, is to think until nothing to think. The optimal action strategies themselves show that an effective thinking is hard to obtain unless think one more step. We also study the impact on decisions once the primitive information is contaminated. If the primitive information is contaminated by, for example, data sampling errors, the acquired information will be eclipsed by the contamination and exhibit certain features that mistaken the ordering decisions by acquiring information if the primitive information were clean. The specific forms of the well-known one-to-one correspondence between action and signal are also restricted by the contamination. We propose an empirical approach to identify the optimal ordering quantities, and the approach works only if the information contamination is separated from the estimation of the unconditional optimal ordering strategies.
{"title":"The Rationally Inattentive Manager","authors":"Rongyu Wang","doi":"10.13189/AEB.2020.080105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/AEB.2020.080105","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the ordering decisions of a manager who acquires demand information to make inventory decisions. Human beings' cognitive ability in information acquisition is imperfect by nature. We adopt the rational inattention theory to model the information acquisition activity. By reformulating the rational inattention decision problem, we find that rational inattention theory resembles the free energy principle (Friston 2009, 2010) that is used to model brain activities. Therefore, rational inattention theory gets a neurocognitive foundation. We obtain closed-form solutions of the optimal action strategies, which is a discrete distribution although the states are continuous. The process of resulting the optimal action strategies shows that the essence of the process, as a neurocognitive activity, is to think until nothing to think. The optimal action strategies themselves show that an effective thinking is hard to obtain unless think one more step. We also study the impact on decisions once the primitive information is contaminated. If the primitive information is contaminated by, for example, data sampling errors, the acquired information will be eclipsed by the contamination and exhibit certain features that mistaken the ordering decisions by acquiring information if the primitive information were clean. The specific forms of the well-known one-to-one correspondence between action and signal are also restricted by the contamination. We propose an empirical approach to identify the optimal ordering quantities, and the approach works only if the information contamination is separated from the estimation of the unconditional optimal ordering strategies.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"39-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66222682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/AEB.2020.080106
Karima Fredj, A. Jean-Marie, G. Martín-Herrán, M. Tidball
This paper characterizes and compares the optimal and the strategic behaviour of two countries or firms that minimize costs facing emission standards. Emission standards can be reached through emission reduction, banking or borrowing, and emission trading in a given and fixed planning horizon. Our model extends the existing theoretical models in this area of research in two directions mainly. First, we revisit the model proposed by Rubin (1996) to introduce and study the impacts of transaction costs in tradeable emission markets. Second, we extend Stavins' (1995) work from a static to a dynamic setting. We analyze the case with and without transaction costs and the case with and without discount rate. We characterize solutions and equilibria in each case and, depending on the initial allocation, characterize the buyer and seller in the emission trading market. Our main findings extend Rubin's paper proving that agents equilibrium is not efficient when transaction cost are positive and expand Stavins' results to a dynamic framework.
{"title":"Effects of Transaction Costs and Discount Rate on the Banking Decision of Emission Permits Trading","authors":"Karima Fredj, A. Jean-Marie, G. Martín-Herrán, M. Tidball","doi":"10.13189/AEB.2020.080106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/AEB.2020.080106","url":null,"abstract":"This paper characterizes and compares the optimal and the strategic behaviour of two countries or firms that minimize costs facing emission standards. Emission standards can be reached through emission reduction, banking or borrowing, and emission trading in a given and fixed planning horizon. Our model extends the existing theoretical models in this area of research in two directions mainly. First, we revisit the model proposed by Rubin (1996) to introduce and study the impacts of transaction costs in tradeable emission markets. Second, we extend Stavins' (1995) work from a static to a dynamic setting. We analyze the case with and without transaction costs and the case with and without discount rate. We characterize solutions and equilibria in each case and, depending on the initial allocation, characterize the buyer and seller in the emission trading market. Our main findings extend Rubin's paper proving that agents equilibrium is not efficient when transaction cost are positive and expand Stavins' results to a dynamic framework.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080101
D. Novak
Goal: Global sustainability is becoming an increasingly important topic, which is impressively demonstrated by numerous conferences of the UN and its sister organizations with worldwide participation. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the use of geothermal energy through the use of heat pumps. Opportunities and starting points are discussed briefly. Design / Methodology / Approach: This paper does not only deal with geothermal energy, but also shows the potential uses and effects of using heat pumps. Not only the basic assumptions and the goals are documented, but these are, as far as possible, checked for their realism or feasibility. Carry out a method comparison of the published literature with technical, economic and ecological approaches. Findings: The findings are presented in a concise summary and provide opportunities for further analysis, discussion or results. The use of heat pumps is to reduce CO2 emissions in heat production, to measure the impact on nature using indicators and values. Geothermal energy can make a significant contribution to environmental protection through the use of heat pumps. Their lack of market penetration in Germany is apparently not due to too low benefits, but rather to lack of awareness (lack of marketing) and also lack of German government support, e.g. about tax incentives. Research / Practical Implications: Results and implications for practice, applications and consequences are identified. Use of geothermal energy and its effects can be assessed in the short, medium and long term. All people worldwide could use geothermal energy if they had a working electrical connection. Future research into renewable energy sources should always include geothermal energy, although currently it does not have enough multipliers and interest groups to support it. From the perspective of permanent availability (24/7), it is unbeatable. Originality / Value: This paper deals with sustainability and the related consequences in the field of regenerative energy production through the use of geothermal heat, as well as the implementation by means of heat pumps. In addition to purely scientific literature, facts and figures are used by the German Federal Environment Agency and the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, which ensure the highest degree of neutrality.
{"title":"Geothermal Energy with Heat Pump as a Possible Solution in Dramatic Climate Change – Market Situation and Potential in Germany of a Renewable Energy Source","authors":"D. Novak","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080101","url":null,"abstract":"Goal: Global sustainability is becoming an increasingly important topic, which is impressively demonstrated by numerous conferences of the UN and its sister organizations with worldwide participation. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the use of geothermal energy through the use of heat pumps. Opportunities and starting points are discussed briefly. Design / Methodology / Approach: This paper does not only deal with geothermal energy, but also shows the potential uses and effects of using heat pumps. Not only the basic assumptions and the goals are documented, but these are, as far as possible, checked for their realism or feasibility. Carry out a method comparison of the published literature with technical, economic and ecological approaches. Findings: The findings are presented in a concise summary and provide opportunities for further analysis, discussion or results. The use of heat pumps is to reduce CO2 emissions in heat production, to measure the impact on nature using indicators and values. Geothermal energy can make a significant contribution to environmental protection through the use of heat pumps. Their lack of market penetration in Germany is apparently not due to too low benefits, but rather to lack of awareness (lack of marketing) and also lack of German government support, e.g. about tax incentives. Research / Practical Implications: Results and implications for practice, applications and consequences are identified. Use of geothermal energy and its effects can be assessed in the short, medium and long term. All people worldwide could use geothermal energy if they had a working electrical connection. Future research into renewable energy sources should always include geothermal energy, although currently it does not have enough multipliers and interest groups to support it. From the perspective of permanent availability (24/7), it is unbeatable. Originality / Value: This paper deals with sustainability and the related consequences in the field of regenerative energy production through the use of geothermal heat, as well as the implementation by means of heat pumps. In addition to purely scientific literature, facts and figures are used by the German Federal Environment Agency and the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, which ensure the highest degree of neutrality.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66222793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080103
Ulises Barragán Vinueza, Riveliño Ramón C, J. Altuna, Favian Bayas-Morejón
This work proposes a claim that institutes a project of entrepreneurship in accordance with the legal situation and economic policies of the popular and solidarity economy for cheese production and under sanitary standards, by establishing a microenterprise where all the inhabitants of the San Pablo area of Athens, considering the productive potential of the area. For which, a questionnaire of 60 people from the area was used. After the analysis, 75% of respondents say they know the ancestral practices of cheese production. Also, 65% say they do not know about Micro Enterprise responsible for associating farmers. Likewise, 70% consider that they are made from cheeses in the ancestral form without observing sanitary norms. In addition, 58% determine that there are no legal authorizations for the production of ancestral cheese. Finally, 70% of the respondents agree that a cheese-producing microenterprise will be built in San Pablo de Atenas. In conclusion, it is feasible to open a company that produces artisanal cheeses.
这项工作提出了一项主张，即根据大众和团结经济的法律状况和经济政策，根据卫生标准，建立一个创业项目，在雅典圣巴勃罗地区的所有居民中建立一个微型企业，考虑到该地区的生产潜力。为此，研究人员对该地区60人进行了问卷调查。经过分析，75%的受访者表示他们知道奶酪生产的祖传做法。此外，65%的人表示他们不知道负责联系农民的微型企业。同样，70%的人认为它们是由原始形式的奶酪制成的，没有遵守卫生规范。此外，58%的人认为祖传奶酪的生产没有法律授权。最后，70%的受访者同意在San Pablo de Atenas建立一家生产奶酪的微型企业。总之，开设一家生产手工奶酪的公司是可行的。
{"title":"Ancestral Practice in the Production of Cheeses, Attends the Health and Good Living of the Consumer in San Pablo De Atenas, Province of Bolivar (Ecuador)","authors":"Ulises Barragán Vinueza, Riveliño Ramón C, J. Altuna, Favian Bayas-Morejón","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080103","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a claim that institutes a project of entrepreneurship in accordance with the legal situation and economic policies of the popular and solidarity economy for cheese production and under sanitary standards, by establishing a microenterprise where all the inhabitants of the San Pablo area of Athens, considering the productive potential of the area. For which, a questionnaire of 60 people from the area was used. After the analysis, 75% of respondents say they know the ancestral practices of cheese production. Also, 65% say they do not know about Micro Enterprise responsible for associating farmers. Likewise, 70% consider that they are made from cheeses in the ancestral form without observing sanitary norms. In addition, 58% determine that there are no legal authorizations for the production of ancestral cheese. Finally, 70% of the respondents agree that a cheese-producing microenterprise will be built in San Pablo de Atenas. In conclusion, it is feasible to open a company that produces artisanal cheeses.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66222467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2020.080104
Elouazzani Hafsa
The paper is devoted to explore the impact of Moroccan banks on the increase of FDI in West African Countries. We estimate the determinants of foreign direct investment flows using the gravity equation, taking into account the importance of both the traditional gravity variables (size, distance) and the financial flows (loans granted by Moroccan banks in African countries). The purpose of this paper is to verify whether Multinational banks can constitute a gravitational force to attract the industrial firms towards host countries in South-South relations. The data used cover the period 2010-2015 and focuses on 5 African countries Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. The gravity model is estimated in individual fixed-effect panel data by the ordinary least squares method. The results highlight that the internationalization of Moroccan Banks increased the volume of non-financial FDI from the same home-market (Morocco) in Western African Countries.
{"title":"The Impact of the Internationalisation of Multinational Banks on Non-financial Foreign Direct Investment in West Africa: A Modified Gravity Equation Approach","authors":"Elouazzani Hafsa","doi":"10.13189/aeb.2020.080104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080104","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to explore the impact of Moroccan banks on the increase of FDI in West African Countries. We estimate the determinants of foreign direct investment flows using the gravity equation, taking into account the importance of both the traditional gravity variables (size, distance) and the financial flows (loans granted by Moroccan banks in African countries). The purpose of this paper is to verify whether Multinational banks can constitute a gravitational force to attract the industrial firms towards host countries in South-South relations. The data used cover the period 2010-2015 and focuses on 5 African countries Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. The gravity model is estimated in individual fixed-effect panel data by the ordinary least squares method. The results highlight that the internationalization of Moroccan Banks increased the volume of non-financial FDI from the same home-market (Morocco) in Western African Countries.","PeriodicalId":91438,"journal":{"name":"Advances in economics and business","volume":"8 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66222520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.13189/AEB.2020.080102
Emin Başar Baylan, Y. Erensal
Strategy prioritizing in strategic plans requires evaluating large amount of information and data. Technically, this process is carried out by a heterogeneous planning team within an organization who are generally working in different departments and management levels. This situation creates a significant problem in group decision making and in its process since each and every group members may think their departments' benefits when making a decision rather than overall organization's goals and targets. To overcome this situation, this study looks for an alternative way for the group decision making which can enable groups to follow an objective path to overcome subjective views and decisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to develop a group decision making model based on the strategic planning template. Strategic planning template chosen for this study belongs one of the Turkish Government Agency operating in mining industry. Developed model was build based on the ANP-VIKOR hybrid method. Findings showed that the new developed model facilitates shorter decision making time, enables to get more benefit out of the group and allows analyzing large amount of rationality for the government agency.
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