BMC Endocrine Disorders最新文献

Objectives: To determine the relationship between serum Ism-1 levels and the progression of renal function decline in patients with T2DM.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 223 patients with T2DM. Patients were divided into quartiles according to serum Ism-1 levels. A Cox proportional hazards ratio model was applied to analyze the relationship between CKD progression and serum Ism-1 levels.

Results: A total of 197 patients were finally analyzed, and the mean length of follow-up was 40.86 months. The serum Ism-1 levels were associated with eGFR decline and an increased risk of composite renal outcomes after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, history of hypertension, fasting blood glucose, fasting C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglycerides, drinking, smoking and follow-up period (all p < 0.05). However, the predictive ability of Ism-1 for composite renal outcomes disappeared after adjusting for baseline eGFR in Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Conclusions: High serum Ism-1 may be a biomarker for the progression of renal function decline in patients with T2DM.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between the pan immune-inflammation value (PIV), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and hormonal levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: 160 patients with PCOS and 142 healthy participants took part in the study. Demographic characteristics, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, white blood cells (WBC), platelets, fasting glucose levels, hormonal parameters as insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEASO₄), prolactin, free and total testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), 17-OH-progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and 11-deoxycorticosterone were examined. Hematological indices, SII and PIV, were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the diagnostic potential of the research parameters.

Results: The median WBC, SII and PIV values (7.63, 605.5, 312.69, respectively) were significantly higher in patients (p = 0.023; p < 0.001; p = 0.002; respectively). The median free testosterone, 17-OH progesterone, and LH values were also significantly higher in PCOS group (p = 0.009, p = 0.017, p = 0.012, respectively). Statistically significant and positive correlations were found between SII and insulin, SII and DHEA-SO₄, PIV and insulin, and PIV and DHEA-SO₄ levels (p = 0.006, p = 0.003, p = 0.037, p = 0.042, respectively). A statistically significant and positive correlation was also observed between PIV and free testosterone levels (p = 0.008). We found that a baseline serum SII > 520.0 and PIV > 262.4 were associated with PCOS with 65% specificity and 61% sensitivity for the SII (area under the curve [AUC], 0.669; 95% CI 0.584-0.755; p < 0.001) and 58% specificity and 60% sensitivity for the PIV ([AUC], 0.642; 95% CI 0.555-0.729; p = 0.002).

Conclusions: Monitoring SII and PIV may assist clinicians in evaluating inflammation and treatment needs in patients with PCOS.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: Brown tumors are a rare bone metabolic disorder associated with primary hyperparathyroidism and can mimic metastatic cancer. However, conventional imaging techniques often pose challenges for accurate diagnosis. We present a case of multiple brown tumors associated with a parathyroid adenoma in a patient with thalassemia, which were identified using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Case presentation: We report a case of a 19-year-old man with thalassemia who presented with a tumor mass in the right shoulder. Imaging studies, including X-ray and MRI, suggested the possibility of myeloma, lymphoma, or metastasis. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT revealed diffuse skeletal lesions, multiple osteolytic bone destructions, and a mass in the right parathyroid area with increased glucose metabolism. Elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium assisted in the diagnosis of a right parathyroid adenoma, which caused secondary brown tumors. The patient underwent parathyroidectomy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and follow-up CT at 4 months post-surgery showed that the damaged bone was gradually undergoing repair. And the laboratory evaluation showed that the PTH and serum calcium were decreasing gradually or returning to normal.

Conclusions: Multiple brown tumors caused by parathyroid adenoma is often difficult to diagnose and often misdiagnosed as primary or secondary bone tumors. When brown tumors occur as multiple osteolytic lesions throughout the body, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging generally facilitates accurate diagnosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to hyperandrogenism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Dietary fibers (DFs), such as resistant starch type 2 (RS2) and arabinoxylan (AX), modulate the gut microbiota and produce short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), potentially ameliorating PCOS symptoms. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of RS2 and AX in a mouse model of letrozole-induced PCOS and explored the underlying mechanisms involving the gut microbiota-SCFA-liver signaling pathways.

Methods: Letrozole-induced PCOS mice were divided into six groups: control (C), RS2 (R), AX (A), PCOS model (M), RS2-treated PCOS (RM), and AX-treated PCOS (AM) groups. The interventions lasted 35 days. Body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, ovarian morphology, estrous cycles, the gut microbiota (16 S rRNA sequencing), serum SCFA levels, fecal bile acids, and hepatic proteomics (DIA-MS) were analyzed.

Results: RS2 and AX reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity (lower HOMA-IR, p < 0.05), restored regular estrous cycles, and mitigated ovarian cystic follicles in PCOS mice. Gut microbiota analysis revealed an increased prevalence of Ligilactobacillus in the RM and AM groups (p < 0.05), which was correlated with elevated SCFA (acetic acid, butyrate) levels. Hepatic proteomics revealed increased expression of AMPK signaling proteins (Prkag2 and Pck1) in treated PCOS mice (p < 0.05), which was linked to the SCFA-mediated activation of GPRs (GPR41/43). AX also modulated pathways associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Bile acid metabolism showed no significant intervention-related changes.

Conclusion: RS2 and AX alleviated PCOS phenotypes by enriching Ligilactobacillus, increasing SCFA production, and activating hepatic AMPK signaling. These findings highlight gut microbiota modulation and SCFA-driven metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets for PCOS. This study provides mechanistic insights into dietary fiber interventions for endocrine disorders.