BMC Endocrine Disorders最新文献

Background: The high incidence of recurrence and metastatic disease remain the major issues for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that Syndecan-2 (SDC2) plays a key role in multiple cancers progression. However, the potential role of SDC2 in PTC progression and recurrence remains unclear.

Methods: First, we performed bioinformatics analysis and western-blotting analysis to explore the potential prognostic value of SDC2 in PTC. Then we applied transient siRNA knockdown and plasmid overexpression to alter SDC2 expression level in PTC cell line B-CPAP and KTC-1. After that, we carried out scratch wound healing assay, transwell assay and cell counting kits-8 (CCK8) assay to explore the cell migration, invasiveness and viability. We also explored expressions of mesenchymal and epithelial markers, multiple thyroids differentiating markers and hedgehog signaling members to address the potential underlying mechanisms.

Results: Firstly, we found a significant negative correlation of SDC2 expression with advanced disease characters in PTC. Then bioinformatic analysis indicated the SDC2 expression was closely related to multiple key pathways and thyroid differentiation markers. Targeting SDC2 expression significantly influenced the growth and invasion of PTC cells according to series of assays. Western-blotting results of α-SMA and ZO-1 also indicated the altered EMT process. Furthermore, attenuated SDC2 expression also leads to the PTC de-differentiation, which could be due to hedgehog signaling alteration.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SDC2 would be a promising therapy target for advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer, but the role in PTC progression is complicated and requires further exploration.

Background: This study aimed to determine the optimal cut-off values of various cardio-metabolic indices for predicting MetS in Iranian adults with T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 400 Iranian adults with T2DM. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood pressure. Several cardio-metabolic indices-including the cardio-metabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)-were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity of these indices for MetS diagnosis.

Results: All cardio-metabolic indices, including LCI, CMI, AI, AC, CHOL index, CRI, LAP, and AIP, were significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS across all three models (p < 0.05). Among them, LAP and CMI demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. The optimal cut-off point for LAP was 66.84 (sensitivity = 0.76, specificity = 0.93), while for CMI, it was 2.19 (sensitivity = 0.74, specificity = 0.88). Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the strong association of these indices with MetS risk, with LAP showing the highest odds ratio (OR = 56.28, 95% CI: 26.10-121.34, p < 0.001). These associations remained significant across all three models: Model 1 (unadjusted), Model 2 (adjusted for age and gender), and Model 3 (adjusted for age, gender, race, education, occupation, disease duration, physical activity, and medications).

Conclusion: All cardio-metabolic indices significantly predicted MetS risk, but LAP and CMI emerged as the most effective predictors of MetS in Iranian adults with T2DM, demonstrating high diagnostic performance. These indices can serve as valuable, cost-effective screening tools in clinical practice, enabling early intervention and risk reduction in high-risk populations. Future studies should validate these findings across diverse ethnic groups and assess their long-term predictive value for MetS-related complications.

Purpose: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FSHR were reported to increase PCOS susceptibility. The present study was conducted to analyse the association of FSHR polymorphisms (rs1394205, rs11692782, and rs2349415) with PCOS in Punjab, India.

Methods: A case-control study comprised of 823 women (443 PCOS cases and 380 healthy controls). Along with anthropometric measurements, lipid and hormonal profiles (LH, FSH, and testosterone levels) were also recorded. The genotyping of FSHR polymorphisms was performed with PCR-RFLP method. Continuous variables were compared using the student's t-test while the genetic association analysis was performed utilizing chi-square, binary logistic regression, and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. All the statistical analyses were performed on SPSS v.21 and GraphPad 9.

Results: A significant association of rs2349415 polymorphism was observed with PCOS. The recessive model conferred higher PCOS risk (Adjusted OR-1.64, p = 0.012). The genetic association of rs1394205 and rs11692782 remained non-significant (p > 0.05). rs2349415 and rs1394205 were significantly related to dyslipidemia, while rs11692782 had shown a role in the modulation of gonadotropic hormones. Haploview analysis showed a modest linkage disequilibrium in the block of 133 kb, and no association of FSHR haplotypes was identified with PCOS.

Conclusion: The present findings concluded that a polymorphism, rs2349415, has a significant role in PCOS in the Punjabi population. Also, variations in the FSHR significantly modulate lipid metabolism and hormonal levels.

Background: Hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, two key elements of insulin resistance, are linked with developing kidney dysfunction. The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, composed of blood lipids and glucose, may help assess the risk of kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to clarify the effect of TyG on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction in adults in western Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a total of 9,661 participants, aged 35 to 65 years, drawn from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort. Among these, 1,044 individuals were identified with chronic kidney disease (CKD), while 8,617 were classified as healthy. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated using the formula ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Additionally, an eGFR less than of 60 ml/min per 1.73 m² was employed to indicate kidney dysfunction.

Results: 48% of participants were male, and 40.14% were from rural areas. The prevalence of reduced eGFR was 10.81%. Compared to the first quartile, the fourth had significantly higher rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia (P < 0.001). The odds of kidney dysfunction (eGFR reduction) were 47% in the third quartile (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.81) and 75% in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.17), significantly higher than those in the first quartile of the TyG index (P trend < 0.001), after adjustment for confounding factors.

Conclusion: Lipid and glucose imbalances may be markers for decreased kidney function, and it is recommended that patients with such imbalances be screened for kidney disease.

Background: Pathological changes in the arterial vasculature play a pivotal role in the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Compared with traditional measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness, separate measurements of the thickness of the intima and the media using high-resolution ultrasonography could reveal vascular anatomical changes more precisely. Homocysteine (HCY) is closely related to vascular complications in DM patients. This study aimed to explore the thickness of the intima and media separately in the carotid, radial, and dorsalis pedis arteries in DM patients, to examine their diagnostic value for DM with complications and their relationship with HCY.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 123 DM patients and 102 healthy controls were enrolled. Arterial ultrasonography was performed using a 24-MHz probe to measure the thickness of the intima and media in the carotid, radial, and pedal arteries. Serum levels of fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HCY, and clinical information were also collected. Multivariate linear regression was performed to investigate the association between ultrasonographic parameters and risk factors, and binary logistic regression was used to explore the diagnostic value of combination model for DM with complications.

Results: Carotid, radial, and pedal artery intima thickness were substantially thicker in DM patients than controls. Compared with DM patients without macrovascular complications, those with macrovascular complications exhibited a thicker media in all three arteries, a thicker carotid intima, and a thicker carotid artery intima-media thickness. The relative difference was greatest for carotid artery media thickness (28.4%). HCY positively correlated with all MTs and CIT in DM patients. CIT was associated with traditional risk factors including age, systolic blood pressure and HCY. Combination model of age, SBP and CIT provides a satisfactory diagnostic value for DM patients with macrovascular complications (area under the curve, 0.827).

Conclusions: Measurement of arterial intima and media thickness using high-resolution ultrasonography might be a promising tool to reveal arterial pathological changes in DM patients.

Background: This research aims to reveal the regulatory mechanism of miR-302a-3p in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its role in inflammatory responses.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from DN patients and healthy controls, and RT-qPCR was employed to determine miR-302a-3p expression levels. The diagnostic value of this molecule in DN was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic curve. A high-glucose condition was induced in HK-2 cells to establish an in vitro cell model. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis changes. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors, and the ROS assay kit was used to assess the level of ROS. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the targeted binding relationship between miR-302a-3p and FGF-16. Functional rescue experiments were conducted by knocking down FGF-16.

Results: The level of miR-302a-3p in the serum of patients with DN was significantly increased, and its area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing DN was 0.9168. High glucose induced an upregulation of miR-302a-3p in HK-2 cells. Inhibiting miR-302a-3p significantly reversed high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and release of ROS and pro-inflammatory factors. miR-302a-3p directly targets and inhibits FGF-16. In HK-2 cells induced by high glucose, knocking down FGF-16 would eliminate the protective effect of miR-302a-3p inhibitor on the cells.

Conclusions: miR-302a-3p enhances inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by targeting and inhibiting FGF-16, thereby promoting renal tubular damage in DN.