Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20210811
Activated clotting time (ACT) is an important test to measure the anticoagulation in cardiac surgeries. In this study different factors were examined which affect ACT during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Blood Samples from 21 patients were taken and examined by using ACTALYKE MINI II. Once CPB initiated, the effect of hemodilution was measured on pre-CPB ACT value (P<0.05). Hemodilution occurred at the start of CPB caused a prolongation of ACT. After aorta was cross clamped, patient was cooled moderately to 32±2°C. The ACT value increased in the result (P<0.05) which proved significant. This change was due to low metabolic rate and decreased function of enzymes. Before termination patient was rewarmed to normothermia 36±1°C. This increase in temperature caused a decrease in ACT value (P<0.05). This change occurred due to an increase in metabolic rate and functioning of clotting enzymes, also there was a decrease in the blood volume due to urination. These findings can be used for better management of anticoagulation during CPB. So, ACT value has a direct relationship with hemodilution and inverse relationship with temperature.
活化凝血时间(ACT)是衡量心脏手术抗凝作用的重要指标。本研究探讨了影响冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中ACT的不同因素。采用ACTALYKE MINI II对21例患者的血液进行了检测。CPB启动后，测定血液稀释对CPB前ACT值的影响(P<0.05)。CPB开始时发生的血液稀释导致ACT延长。主动脉交叉夹紧后，适度冷却至32±2°C。结果表明，ACT值显著升高(P<0.05)。这种变化是由于低代谢率和酶的功能下降。终止妊娠前将患者重新加热至常温36±1℃。温度升高导致ACT值降低(P<0.05)。这种变化是由于代谢率和凝血酶功能的增加，以及由于排尿而导致的血容量的减少。这些发现可用于CPB期间更好的抗凝管理。因此，ACT值与血液稀释成正相关，与温度成反比。
{"title":"The effect of temperature and hemodilution on activated clotting time during coronary artery bypass grafting","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20210811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20210811","url":null,"abstract":"Activated clotting time (ACT) is an important test to measure the anticoagulation in cardiac surgeries. In this study different factors were examined which affect ACT during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Blood Samples from 21 patients were taken and examined by using ACTALYKE MINI II. Once CPB initiated, the effect of hemodilution was measured on pre-CPB ACT value (P<0.05). Hemodilution occurred at the start of CPB caused a prolongation of ACT. After aorta was cross clamped, patient was cooled moderately to 32±2°C. The ACT value increased in the result (P<0.05) which proved significant. This change was due to low metabolic rate and decreased function of enzymes. Before termination patient was rewarmed to normothermia 36±1°C. This increase in temperature caused a decrease in ACT value (P<0.05). This change occurred due to an increase in metabolic rate and functioning of clotting enzymes, also there was a decrease in the blood volume due to urination. These findings can be used for better management of anticoagulation during CPB. So, ACT value has a direct relationship with hemodilution and inverse relationship with temperature.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90943003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-09DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20220101
According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), microplastics are small plastic particles of less than 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) long and considered as sesame seeds. The microplastics (MPs) reach the rivers, lakes, and oceans after being flushed into sewers. Nanoparticles (NPs) are colloidal particles within the size range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). Secondary NPs occurred naturally by the degradation of macro and microplastic waste materials and are more heterogenous than primary NPs. The damaged biomolecules lead to the occurrence of numerous reactions including inflammatory response, cell death, tissue damage, and DNA damage. Free radical generation (non-enzymatic antioxidants) and antioxidant defenses helps to balance the excess ROS and repair the damaged cells to reduce oxidative stress. NPs and MPs eventually move to the aquatic environment followed by the entrance of NPs and MPs into the bodies of aquatic animals to cause harmful effects. NPs may also dramatically increase the CAT and SOD activities. MPs and NPs are very harmful to the organisms however combined with other chemical components. These components are cause serious harmful to the fish and damage the nervous system of fish. NPs and MPs can also cross the blood brain barriers in the brains of fish.
{"title":"Toxicological assessment of nanoparticles and microplastics","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20220101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20220101","url":null,"abstract":"According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), microplastics are small plastic particles of less than 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) long and considered as sesame seeds. The microplastics (MPs) reach the rivers, lakes, and oceans after being flushed into sewers. Nanoparticles (NPs) are colloidal particles within the size range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). Secondary NPs occurred naturally by the degradation of macro and microplastic waste materials and are more heterogenous than primary NPs. The damaged biomolecules lead to the occurrence of numerous reactions including inflammatory response, cell death, tissue damage, and DNA damage. Free radical generation (non-enzymatic antioxidants) and antioxidant defenses helps to balance the excess ROS and repair the damaged cells to reduce oxidative stress. NPs and MPs eventually move to the aquatic environment followed by the entrance of NPs and MPs into the bodies of aquatic animals to cause harmful effects. NPs may also dramatically increase the CAT and SOD activities. MPs and NPs are very harmful to the organisms however combined with other chemical components. These components are cause serious harmful to the fish and damage the nervous system of fish. NPs and MPs can also cross the blood brain barriers in the brains of fish.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20210901
The poultry farm industry is growing quickly and tremendously contributing to meeting the increasing protein demand of the rapidly growing population through eggs and meat supplementation. It is a good and cheap source of low cholesterol and high protein meat and provides essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. The poultry industry is big and developing worldwide. Because of the tremendous commercialization of poultry farms and the increased number of birds in poultry farms, there was a need to prepare poultry feed on an industrial scale. Because of industrialization and increasing environmental pollution, there are much higher chances that poultry feed may get contaminated with some toxic compounds during the process of preparation. Hazards associated with animal feed can be chemical, biological, or physical. Contamination of poultry feed may occur during handling, storage and transportation, or it may result from accidental or deliberate. Risk management should be based upon prevention rather than reaction after detection of the problem. Food safety hazards should be taken seriously to control side adverse effects on animals and humans. So, governments should take strict measures to avoid any toxic contamination hazardous to human health.
{"title":"Poultry feed contamination and its potential hazards on human health","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20210901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20210901","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry farm industry is growing quickly and tremendously contributing to meeting the increasing protein demand of the rapidly growing population through eggs and meat supplementation. It is a good and cheap source of low cholesterol and high protein meat and provides essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. The poultry industry is big and developing worldwide. Because of the tremendous commercialization of poultry farms and the increased number of birds in poultry farms, there was a need to prepare poultry feed on an industrial scale. Because of industrialization and increasing environmental pollution, there are much higher chances that poultry feed may get contaminated with some toxic compounds during the process of preparation. Hazards associated with animal feed can be chemical, biological, or physical. Contamination of poultry feed may occur during handling, storage and transportation, or it may result from accidental or deliberate. Risk management should be based upon prevention rather than reaction after detection of the problem. Food safety hazards should be taken seriously to control side adverse effects on animals and humans. So, governments should take strict measures to avoid any toxic contamination hazardous to human health.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84094891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20220131
Use of laparoscopic surgeries become a best alternate for laparotomy and is used for the diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes in patients presented for gynecological surgeries. Advantages include; reduction in postoperative persistent obstruction of intestine, aches, hospitalization, health expenses and problems relating to surgical wounds. Its procedure includes a brief period of intraperitoneal carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. Although this insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is continued for a very short period of time causes deleterious physiological changes in respiratory system, lung volumes and gas exchange through alveoli. Purpose of conducting the study to understand the determination of effect of blowing of CO2 to intraperitoneal cavity during laparoscopic surgeries on end tidal CO2. A prospective descriptive study was done after the ethical approval from the concerned departments. End tidal CO2 (EtCO2) concentration was recorded in intervals at pre-induction of anesthesia before insufflation and termed this as baseline concentration of the said gas, then recorded at 10-mmHg, between 10-15 mmHg, at 15-mmHg of intraperitoneal pressure and at the cessation of the surgery. End tidal CO2 (EtCO2) after CO2 insufflation during laparoscopic surgeries is compared with the baseline EtCO2. Upon assessing the data, EtCO2 increased slightly after CO2 insufflation and considerably after the surgical incision. After completion of the laparoscopic surgery, the EtCO2 exhibited a trend to baseline value. This study concludes that the patients who were otherwise healthy and were just undergoing laparoscopic surgeries, EtCO2 surges slightly subsequent to CO2 insufflation and readily comes to baseline value.
{"title":"Effect of insufflated CO2 during laparoscopic surgeries on end tidal CO2 concentration using capnography","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20220131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20220131","url":null,"abstract":"Use of laparoscopic surgeries become a best alternate for laparotomy and is used for the diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes in patients presented for gynecological surgeries. Advantages include; reduction in postoperative persistent obstruction of intestine, aches, hospitalization, health expenses and problems relating to surgical wounds. Its procedure includes a brief period of intraperitoneal carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. Although this insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is continued for a very short period of time causes deleterious physiological changes in respiratory system, lung volumes and gas exchange through alveoli. Purpose of conducting the study to understand the determination of effect of blowing of CO2 to intraperitoneal cavity during laparoscopic surgeries on end tidal CO2. A prospective descriptive study was done after the ethical approval from the concerned departments. End tidal CO2 (EtCO2) concentration was recorded in intervals at pre-induction of anesthesia before insufflation and termed this as baseline concentration of the said gas, then recorded at 10-mmHg, between 10-15 mmHg, at 15-mmHg of intraperitoneal pressure and at the cessation of the surgery. End tidal CO2 (EtCO2) after CO2 insufflation during laparoscopic surgeries is compared with the baseline EtCO2. Upon assessing the data, EtCO2 increased slightly after CO2 insufflation and considerably after the surgical incision. After completion of the laparoscopic surgery, the EtCO2 exhibited a trend to baseline value. This study concludes that the patients who were otherwise healthy and were just undergoing laparoscopic surgeries, EtCO2 surges slightly subsequent to CO2 insufflation and readily comes to baseline value.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86585898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20220105
Lysine is an essential amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins. Lysine deficiency leads to numerous irreversible damages to the brain and other body organs. It plays a vital role in the treatment of osteoporosis and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Lysine is commonly produced through fermentation. However, its efficient production is still a bottle neck. The wild strains of microorganisms are unable to produce sufficient amino acid. The current study was designed to enhance the lysine production through feedback inhibition resistant strains. N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) was utilized to mutate the Corynebacterium glutamicum strain B391 to increase the production of Lysine. C. glutamicum was used as fermenting agent and cultivated in molasses-based media. S-β-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC) lysine analogue resistant mutants were selected. It was observed that 30 g/L and 55 g/L of lysine were produced by the parent and mutant strains, respectively. The increase in lysine production was observed with 10% of sugar concentration in 100 mL of molasses media (6.5 pH, and temperature 30°C) with inoculum size of 8%. Furthermore, two different molasses media with different ingredients (termed M1 and M2) were used for the lysine production. The lysine production M-2 was observed more prominent.
{"title":"Efficient production of lysine from genetically modified Corynebacterium glutamicum by feedback inhibition resistant strain","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20220105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20220105","url":null,"abstract":"Lysine is an essential amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins. Lysine deficiency leads to numerous irreversible damages to the brain and other body organs. It plays a vital role in the treatment of osteoporosis and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Lysine is commonly produced through fermentation. However, its efficient production is still a bottle neck. The wild strains of microorganisms are unable to produce sufficient amino acid. The current study was designed to enhance the lysine production through feedback inhibition resistant strains. N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) was utilized to mutate the Corynebacterium glutamicum strain B391 to increase the production of Lysine. C. glutamicum was used as fermenting agent and cultivated in molasses-based media. S-β-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC) lysine analogue resistant mutants were selected. It was observed that 30 g/L and 55 g/L of lysine were produced by the parent and mutant strains, respectively. The increase in lysine production was observed with 10% of sugar concentration in 100 mL of molasses media (6.5 pH, and temperature 30°C) with inoculum size of 8%. Furthermore, two different molasses media with different ingredients (termed M1 and M2) were used for the lysine production. The lysine production M-2 was observed more prominent.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76355747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-27DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20211115
The antimicrobial agents have the potential to maintain the selective pressure on bacteria. Bacteria can alter various mechanisms for survival under selective pressure. Thus, the bacteria acquire resistance through conjugation from co-existing bacteria during antimicrobial stress. The study was designed experimentally to investigate the acquired resistance on the basis of time against different genera of gram-negative bacteria. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. E coli strain was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The macro broth dilution technique was used to verify the susceptibility of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. 0.5 MacFarland standard solution of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were mixed and kept at the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (0.781 µg/ml) of Ciprofloxacin for 28 days. MIC of Ciprofloxacin was measured against E. coli at weekly basis. It was observed that the Ciprofloxacin MIC against E. coli after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were <01 µg/ml, <01 µg/ml, <04 µg/ml and <25 µg/ml respectively. In conclusion, E. coli acquires resistance from P. aeruginosa under selective pressure of sub-minimal concentration of antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in 28 days.
{"title":"Elucidation of resistance acquisition between various genera of gram-negative bacteria","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20211115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20211115","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial agents have the potential to maintain the selective pressure on bacteria. Bacteria can alter various mechanisms for survival under selective pressure. Thus, the bacteria acquire resistance through conjugation from co-existing bacteria during antimicrobial stress. The study was designed experimentally to investigate the acquired resistance on the basis of time against different genera of gram-negative bacteria. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. E coli strain was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The macro broth dilution technique was used to verify the susceptibility of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. 0.5 MacFarland standard solution of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were mixed and kept at the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (0.781 µg/ml) of Ciprofloxacin for 28 days. MIC of Ciprofloxacin was measured against E. coli at weekly basis. It was observed that the Ciprofloxacin MIC against E. coli after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were <01 µg/ml, <01 µg/ml, <04 µg/ml and <25 µg/ml respectively. In conclusion, E. coli acquires resistance from P. aeruginosa under selective pressure of sub-minimal concentration of antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in 28 days.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84125291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-26DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20211014
Eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae), an Australian native, is the world’s most widely planted hardwood tree. Owing to their outstanding diversity, adaptability, and faster growth characteristics, it is they are considered as a global renewable resource of fiber and energy. In Pakistan, Eucalyptus is most planted tree (over 700 species), adopted in different agro-ecological zones. In one side, Eucalyptus plantation has many established harmful effects on changing the soil chemistry and causes to drop the ground water level, while on other side, it has so many socio-economic and medicinal-use advantages. Considering the all controversies and applied- advantages of eucalyptus plantation, here in this review, we summarized the literature on ecological, socio-economic prospective of eucalyptus in Pakistan. Additionally, study aims to highlight the harmful effects of eucalyptus plantation to environment especially ground water and its impressive medicinal-curative effects to different medical illnesses. We also presented the list of recommendations regarding the government actions toward the future prospective of eucalyptus plantation in the country.
{"title":"Eucalyptus plantation in Pakistan: Holistic View of Environmental-Socioeconomic and Medicinal Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20211014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20211014","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae), an Australian native, is the world’s most widely planted hardwood tree. Owing to their outstanding diversity, adaptability, and faster growth characteristics, it is they are considered as a global renewable resource of fiber and energy. In Pakistan, Eucalyptus is most planted tree (over 700 species), adopted in different agro-ecological zones. In one side, Eucalyptus plantation has many established harmful effects on changing the soil chemistry and causes to drop the ground water level, while on other side, it has so many socio-economic and medicinal-use advantages. Considering the all controversies and applied- advantages of eucalyptus plantation, here in this review, we summarized the literature on ecological, socio-economic prospective of eucalyptus in Pakistan. Additionally, study aims to highlight the harmful effects of eucalyptus plantation to environment especially ground water and its impressive medicinal-curative effects to different medical illnesses. We also presented the list of recommendations regarding the government actions toward the future prospective of eucalyptus plantation in the country.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76109740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20211112
Coronavirus causes infections from moderate to severe such as SARS and MERS. The working of the heart, respiratory system and the number of respiratory disorders is the most severe effects of COVID-19. In most cases, novel corona virus may eventually cause death. Current study was planned to evaluate the symptoms caused by COVID-19 and damage of COVID-19with respect of each lobe of both lungs. Chest CT scan (chest HRCT scans) was used to check the lungs damage caused by corona virus. In male patient's severity of COVID-19 was higher (Maximum HRCT score= 20) as compared to female patients (Maximum HRCT score = 16). With increasing of age severity of pneumonia also increased. In the age group 18-36 years, no individual was observed with severe COVID-19 while in older adults (37-80 years) 25% patients were observed with severe severed symptoms. COVID-19 cause more damage to left lung as compared to right lung. Among upper lobes and lower lobes of both lungs, SARS-CoV-II caused more damage to lower lobes (mean HRCT score lower lobe= 3.33±1.23; 3.17±1.47 for right and left lung respectively). The comparative analyses of both the lungs were performed and it was observed that the upper (mean HRCT score = 2.42±1.16) and lower lobe (3.33±1.23) of right lungs was more affected than left upper lobe (mean HRCT score =2.33±1.07) and lower lobe (3.17±1.47). Usually, COVID-19 affects the lungs leads to serious consequences. Pneumonia was observed with little air sacs that make up the lungs become inflamed and fills with fluid. Pneumonia is more likely to attack both the lungs in COVID-19.
{"title":"Clinical investigation of COVID-19 related pneumonia through HRCT chest scan","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20211112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20211112","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus causes infections from moderate to severe such as SARS and MERS. The working of the heart, respiratory system and the number of respiratory disorders is the most severe effects of COVID-19. In most cases, novel corona virus may eventually cause death. Current study was planned to evaluate the symptoms caused by COVID-19 and damage of COVID-19with respect of each lobe of both lungs. Chest CT scan (chest HRCT scans) was used to check the lungs damage caused by corona virus. In male patient's severity of COVID-19 was higher (Maximum HRCT score= 20) as compared to female patients (Maximum HRCT score = 16). With increasing of age severity of pneumonia also increased. In the age group 18-36 years, no individual was observed with severe COVID-19 while in older adults (37-80 years) 25% patients were observed with severe severed symptoms. COVID-19 cause more damage to left lung as compared to right lung. Among upper lobes and lower lobes of both lungs, SARS-CoV-II caused more damage to lower lobes (mean HRCT score lower lobe= 3.33±1.23; 3.17±1.47 for right and left lung respectively). The comparative analyses of both the lungs were performed and it was observed that the upper (mean HRCT score = 2.42±1.16) and lower lobe (3.33±1.23) of right lungs was more affected than left upper lobe (mean HRCT score =2.33±1.07) and lower lobe (3.17±1.47). Usually, COVID-19 affects the lungs leads to serious consequences. Pneumonia was observed with little air sacs that make up the lungs become inflamed and fills with fluid. Pneumonia is more likely to attack both the lungs in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79527703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20211103
Congenital hypotrichosis is a major genetic disorder of hair-growth that affects millions of people all around the world. In this study, hypotrichosis was studied in the affected families in the district of Sahiwal. A wide survey was conducted in both rural and urban areas of district Sahiwal. For additional investigation and pedigree construction, five families were selected after the survey was completed for further analyses. Verbal consent was taken from the participants to assure them that the information and data was taken with their complete willingness and harmony, without any pressure. During the survey, each family was thoroughly interrogated, and the pedigree was constructed. The pedigree analyses were used to determine the prevalence of hypotrichosis and origin of mutation in each family. A pedigree analyses of hypotrichosis-infected individuals found that the disease was handed down through generations. In each generation of infected families, some people remain unaffected showed that the disease was genetically recessive disorder. Overall prevalence of this genetic disorder was 25.82S% in the selected families. The hypotrichosis affected 55 individuals out of 213 individuals in studied families. In the current study, the prevalence of this disease varied across all reported families. The prevalence rate of the disease in UOA was 17.24%, in UOB was 20.00%, in UOC was 41.94%, in UOD was 23.40% and in UOE was 40.740% of the families. The present study concluded that hypotrichosis in the selected families were persistent for at least three generations and the mode of inheritance was autosomal recessive.
{"title":"Mode of inheritance for hypotrichosis in families of Sahiwal Division, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20211103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20211103","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital hypotrichosis is a major genetic disorder of hair-growth that affects millions of people all around the world. In this study, hypotrichosis was studied in the affected families in the district of Sahiwal. A wide survey was conducted in both rural and urban areas of district Sahiwal. For additional investigation and pedigree construction, five families were selected after the survey was completed for further analyses. Verbal consent was taken from the participants to assure them that the information and data was taken with their complete willingness and harmony, without any pressure. During the survey, each family was thoroughly interrogated, and the pedigree was constructed. The pedigree analyses were used to determine the prevalence of hypotrichosis and origin of mutation in each family. A pedigree analyses of hypotrichosis-infected individuals found that the disease was handed down through generations. In each generation of infected families, some people remain unaffected showed that the disease was genetically recessive disorder. Overall prevalence of this genetic disorder was 25.82S% in the selected families. The hypotrichosis affected 55 individuals out of 213 individuals in studied families. In the current study, the prevalence of this disease varied across all reported families. The prevalence rate of the disease in UOA was 17.24%, in UOB was 20.00%, in UOC was 41.94%, in UOD was 23.40% and in UOE was 40.740% of the families. The present study concluded that hypotrichosis in the selected families were persistent for at least three generations and the mode of inheritance was autosomal recessive.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90699070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.1.20211119
Obesity has become a major health concern in the past few decades. It is quite threatening that it is now a common problem among our adults, especially girls. The possible reason for this alarming increase is might acid-alkaline imbalance by the disproportional diet of our young girls. Therefore, current research was planned to identify an association between acid-alkaline imbalance and obesity of adolescent college girls. The nutritional and acid-alkaline status of 428 college girls aged between seventeen-nineteen years from Government Girls Higher Secondary school, Nishatabad, Faisalabad, were evaluated in this prospective study. Blood, saliva, and urine samples were used as study instruments, along with a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Based on Body Mass Index (BMI), 227, 178, and 23 volunteers were found to be normal weight, underweight and obese, respectively. The anthropometrics, indicative biomarkers, and dietary intakes of all volunteers were assessed. It is found that weight (63.19±1.57 kg), BMI (29.17±0.64 kg/m²), body fat (34.45±0.58 %), body water (47.73±0.42%), and muscle mass (34.65±0.22%) of obese girls fluctuates significantly from normal ones and international standards. Drastic and significant variations in acid-alkaline status were found in obese girls as depicted by pH values of blood (7.35±0.01), saliva (5.46±0.13), and urine (5.77±0.11). Very pitiable, inadequate, and imbalanced dietary intakes were explored in obese students as indicated by servings of junk foods (4.82±0.53), fats, oils, & sweets group (4.56±1.09), vegetable group (0.86±0.09), and fruit group (1.72±0.18). A positive association was found in some dietary intakes and indicative biomarkers. Malnutrition resulted in meager anthropometrics, imbalance of acid-alkaline status, and obesity in adolescent college girls.
{"title":"A significant association between acid-alkaline imbalance and obesity of adolescent college girls","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.1.20211119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.1.20211119","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has become a major health concern in the past few decades. It is quite threatening that it is now a common problem among our adults, especially girls. The possible reason for this alarming increase is might acid-alkaline imbalance by the disproportional diet of our young girls. Therefore, current research was planned to identify an association between acid-alkaline imbalance and obesity of adolescent college girls. The nutritional and acid-alkaline status of 428 college girls aged between seventeen-nineteen years from Government Girls Higher Secondary school, Nishatabad, Faisalabad, were evaluated in this prospective study. Blood, saliva, and urine samples were used as study instruments, along with a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Based on Body Mass Index (BMI), 227, 178, and 23 volunteers were found to be normal weight, underweight and obese, respectively. The anthropometrics, indicative biomarkers, and dietary intakes of all volunteers were assessed. It is found that weight (63.19±1.57 kg), BMI (29.17±0.64 kg/m²), body fat (34.45±0.58 %), body water (47.73±0.42%), and muscle mass (34.65±0.22%) of obese girls fluctuates significantly from normal ones and international standards. Drastic and significant variations in acid-alkaline status were found in obese girls as depicted by pH values of blood (7.35±0.01), saliva (5.46±0.13), and urine (5.77±0.11). Very pitiable, inadequate, and imbalanced dietary intakes were explored in obese students as indicated by servings of junk foods (4.82±0.53), fats, oils, & sweets group (4.56±1.09), vegetable group (0.86±0.09), and fruit group (1.72±0.18). A positive association was found in some dietary intakes and indicative biomarkers. Malnutrition resulted in meager anthropometrics, imbalance of acid-alkaline status, and obesity in adolescent college girls.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90155723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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