Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.47262//bl/7.2.20210711
Maria Fayyaz, Aqsa Iqbal, M. Maqsood, Haseeb Akram
The ability to engineer genomes presents a significant opportunity for applied biology research. In 2050, the population of this world is expected to reach 9.6 billion residents; rising food with better quality is the most promising approach to food security. Compared to earlier methodologies including Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) plus Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), which were expensive as well as time-consuming, innovation in Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and related CRISPR (Cas) protein classifications allowed selective editing of genes for the enhancement of food. The basic mechanism of CRISPR Cas9 process and its applications on genome editing has been summarized in this manuscript. The method relies on Sequence-Specific Nucleases (SSNs) to create Double Stranded Breaks (DSB) of DNA at the locus of genome defined by user, mended by using one of two DNA mending ways: Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) or Homology Directed Repair (HDR). Cas9, an RNA-guided endonuclease, was used to produce stable knock-in and knock-out mutants. The focus of this effort is to explore the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing to manage gene expression and improve future editing success. This adaptable technique can be consumed for a wide range of applications of genome editing requiring high precision. Advances in this technology have sparked renewed interest in the possibilities for editing genome in plants.
{"title":"CRISPER/CAS: A potential tool for genomes editing","authors":"Maria Fayyaz, Aqsa Iqbal, M. Maqsood, Haseeb Akram","doi":"10.47262//bl/7.2.20210711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262//bl/7.2.20210711","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to engineer genomes presents a significant opportunity for applied biology research. In 2050, the population of this world is expected to reach 9.6 billion residents; rising food with better quality is the most promising approach to food security. Compared to earlier methodologies including Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) plus Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), which were expensive as well as time-consuming, innovation in Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and related CRISPR (Cas) protein classifications allowed selective editing of genes for the enhancement of food. The basic mechanism of CRISPR Cas9 process and its applications on genome editing has been summarized in this manuscript. The method relies on Sequence-Specific Nucleases (SSNs) to create Double Stranded Breaks (DSB) of DNA at the locus of genome defined by user, mended by using one of two DNA mending ways: Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) or Homology Directed Repair (HDR). Cas9, an RNA-guided endonuclease, was used to produce stable knock-in and knock-out mutants. The focus of this effort is to explore the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing to manage gene expression and improve future editing success. This adaptable technique can be consumed for a wide range of applications of genome editing requiring high precision. Advances in this technology have sparked renewed interest in the possibilities for editing genome in plants.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87039924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.2.20210630
Husna Arshad, B. Parveen, R. Batool, Fozia Bibi, Nidaa, Harun, K. Fatima, Darima Habib
The objective of this study was to document traditional medicinal plants (including their applications and associated procedures) used to treat skin diseases by native communities of Murree Hills (Pakistan). Data was collected from 5 different sampling sites and 138 informants were interviewed. Respondents were queried in their local language for the type of herbal treatment, famous to that area. It was observed that elderly people and health practitioners of the study area possessed more knowledge about herbal remedies in contrast to young aged people. Results reported that total 56 plants belonging to 36 families and 54 genera were in use by local communities for treatment of multiple skin diseases. It was detected that herbs (41%) constituted the highest proportion of medicinal plants followed by shrubs. Leaves were most reported plant part (43 %) followed by fruits (20%), whereas infusion (30%) was a widely used mode of preparation of traditional remedies and direct application on skin was the dominant route of administration. Relative frequency citation (RFC) was recorded highest for Mentha royleana (0.913) and least for Ajuga bracteosa (0.369). Cluster analysis grouped these medicinal species into high, medium and low-ranking groups. High ranking group comprised of 18 medicinal plants, which reflected the popularity and trust of local communities of these plants. Therefore, further pharmacological studies are highly recommended. This study is first proper documentation based on the valuable information attained by the local tribes and it can be utilized by scientific community for further validation and characterization.
{"title":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by the native communities of Murree, Pakistan","authors":"Husna Arshad, B. Parveen, R. Batool, Fozia Bibi, Nidaa, Harun, K. Fatima, Darima Habib","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.2.20210630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.2.20210630","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to document traditional medicinal plants (including their applications and associated procedures) used to treat skin diseases by native communities of Murree Hills (Pakistan). Data was collected from 5 different sampling sites and 138 informants were interviewed. Respondents were queried in their local language for the type of herbal treatment, famous to that area. It was observed that elderly people and health practitioners of the study area possessed more knowledge about herbal remedies in contrast to young aged people. Results reported that total 56 plants belonging to 36 families and 54 genera were in use by local communities for treatment of multiple skin diseases. It was detected that herbs (41%) constituted the highest proportion of medicinal plants followed by shrubs. Leaves were most reported plant part (43 %) followed by fruits (20%), whereas infusion (30%) was a widely used mode of preparation of traditional remedies and direct application on skin was the dominant route of administration. Relative frequency citation (RFC) was recorded highest for Mentha royleana (0.913) and least for Ajuga bracteosa (0.369). Cluster analysis grouped these medicinal species into high, medium and low-ranking groups. High ranking group comprised of 18 medicinal plants, which reflected the popularity and trust of local communities of these plants. Therefore, further pharmacological studies are highly recommended. This study is first proper documentation based on the valuable information attained by the local tribes and it can be utilized by scientific community for further validation and characterization.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83878002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-17DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.2.20210609
Muhammad Najam-ul-Hassan Khan, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Shozab Khan, Hina Naz, A. Waheed, Hasnain Akmal, M. Wajid
Syndactyly is joining or merging of web in feet and hands digits. It is inherited by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, and y-linked manner. Its prevalence is around 1 in 2000 live birth. Non-syndromic syndactyly is classified into nine types. In this study, we find out prevalence, percentage, types, and mode of inheritance of syndactyly in families of district Bahawalnagar. The survey was carried out in hospitals, schools, and villages of district Bahawalnagar to find out the patients with congenital syndactyly. Three families with cousin marriages were selected for pedigrees. These families had 2:1 of foot and hand syndactyly. The percentage of complete and incomplete syndactyly was recorded 50% in all families. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive pattern because of two types of syndactyly type I (SD1) and syndactyly type I-c. In families Bwn1, Bwn2, and Bwn3 the percentage of family members associated with syndactyly was 16%, 9.7%, and 6.89% respectively. It was further noted that all male members of all families were affected with syndactyly. This study finds out the type I (SD1) and type I-c syndactyly in the studied sample population.
{"title":"Mode of inheritance of syndactyly in selected human families in Bahawalnagar, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Najam-ul-Hassan Khan, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Shozab Khan, Hina Naz, A. Waheed, Hasnain Akmal, M. Wajid","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.2.20210609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.2.20210609","url":null,"abstract":"Syndactyly is joining or merging of web in feet and hands digits. It is inherited by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, and y-linked manner. Its prevalence is around 1 in 2000 live birth. Non-syndromic syndactyly is classified into nine types. In this study, we find out prevalence, percentage, types, and mode of inheritance of syndactyly in families of district Bahawalnagar. The survey was carried out in hospitals, schools, and villages of district Bahawalnagar to find out the patients with congenital syndactyly. Three families with cousin marriages were selected for pedigrees. These families had 2:1 of foot and hand syndactyly. The percentage of complete and incomplete syndactyly was recorded 50% in all families. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive pattern because of two types of syndactyly type I (SD1) and syndactyly type I-c. In families Bwn1, Bwn2, and Bwn3 the percentage of family members associated with syndactyly was 16%, 9.7%, and 6.89% respectively. It was further noted that all male members of all families were affected with syndactyly. This study finds out the type I (SD1) and type I-c syndactyly in the studied sample population.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83296419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210807
Viruses are detrimental to the population from time to time. Nevertheless, COVID-19 is the recent pandemic that affects almost all the countries of the world. September 2021, more than 4.5 million deaths are registered in the world as per the latest report by the World Health Organization. The origin of coronavirus from animals has been discussed in this study. Twelve different SARSCoV-II genomes against five Middle East Respiratory Syndromes (MERS) genomes have been analyzed. In silico approaches have been utilized to analyze the phylogenetic history of SARS-CoV-II from different countries. The genomes of many countries are closely associated with the phylogenetic analysis. The results indicate twelve complete genome studies of representative SARS CoVs, MERS CoVs, and human SARS CoV-II, the genome was found to be the most comparable to the recent novel human SARS CoV-II genomes.
{"title":"Adaptive evolutionary analyses of the COVID-19 pandemic in twelve most affected countries","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210807","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are detrimental to the population from time to time. Nevertheless, COVID-19 is the recent pandemic that affects almost all the countries of the world. September 2021, more than 4.5 million deaths are registered in the world as per the latest report by the World Health Organization. The origin of coronavirus from animals has been discussed in this study. Twelve different SARSCoV-II genomes against five Middle East Respiratory Syndromes (MERS) genomes have been analyzed. In silico approaches have been utilized to analyze the phylogenetic history of SARS-CoV-II from different countries. The genomes of many countries are closely associated with the phylogenetic analysis. The results indicate twelve complete genome studies of representative SARS CoVs, MERS CoVs, and human SARS CoV-II, the genome was found to be the most comparable to the recent novel human SARS CoV-II genomes.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79151828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210721
Wastewater contains various types of pollutants, such as nutrients, solids, organic carbon, metals, inorganic salts, pathogens, etc. Therefore, effective wastewater treatment is crucial for public health as well as for environmental concern. On the other hand, water management with limited water resources is a great challenge in most countries. The freshwater shortage is seriously affecting the economic and social growth of developing nations. An ecological wastewater treatment system is a concept towards ecologically and economically sounds wastewater management. Water and organic nutrients in wastewater consider as a resource and can reuse and recycle in agriculture. The study reviewed the principles and concepts of the ecological wastewater treatment system and a case study of the ecological treatment system by growing economic vegetation. A hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system was used to investigate the performance. The CW system showed high removal efficiency for TP (total phosphorus), NH4 (ammonium), and TN (total nitrogen). The removal efficiencies were 97%, 75%, and 64% for TP, NH4-N, and TN, respectively. Ecological wastewater treatment system is cost-effective, and energy-saving also offers nutrients recycling, water reuse, recreation activities, and vegetation growth.
{"title":"Ecological wastewater treatment system: Management approach to solve sanitation and water problems","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210721","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater contains various types of pollutants, such as nutrients, solids, organic carbon, metals, inorganic salts, pathogens, etc. Therefore, effective wastewater treatment is crucial for public health as well as for environmental concern. On the other hand, water management with limited water resources is a great challenge in most countries. The freshwater shortage is seriously affecting the economic and social growth of developing nations. An ecological wastewater treatment system is a concept towards ecologically and economically sounds wastewater management. Water and organic nutrients in wastewater consider as a resource and can reuse and recycle in agriculture. The study reviewed the principles and concepts of the ecological wastewater treatment system and a case study of the ecological treatment system by growing economic vegetation. A hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system was used to investigate the performance. The CW system showed high removal efficiency for TP (total phosphorus), NH4 (ammonium), and TN (total nitrogen). The removal efficiencies were 97%, 75%, and 64% for TP, NH4-N, and TN, respectively. Ecological wastewater treatment system is cost-effective, and energy-saving also offers nutrients recycling, water reuse, recreation activities, and vegetation growth.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85288665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.2.20210617
Nighat Nawaz, Irshad Ahmad, S. G. Patching, Iqbal, Hussain
Aqueous extract of the plant Tribulus terrestris was used to reduce chloroauric acid for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this green synthesis, the reaction proceeded to give a red/purple color that was monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometry, where the formed AuNPs had an absorption band with max of 550 nm. In terms of the highest absorbance at 550 nm, reaction conditions were optimized at a temperature of 75°C, at pH 7 and using a reaction time of 4 h. The integrity of the synthesized AuNPs was confirmed and their physical properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which also showed evidence that plant metabolites contributed to capping or stabilization of the AuNPs. XRD spectra suggested a particle size of around 40 nm and SEM images revealed spherical and relatively uniform and disperse particles with a size of less than 0.1 m. In a broth microdilution assay, the AuNPs showed inhibitory effects against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but not against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis. The AuNPs showed no hemagglutination activity or cytotoxic activity against human blood cells, which is important for them to be explored as therapeutic antibacterial agents.
{"title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris extract and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria","authors":"Nighat Nawaz, Irshad Ahmad, S. G. Patching, Iqbal, Hussain","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.2.20210617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.2.20210617","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous extract of the plant Tribulus terrestris was used to reduce chloroauric acid for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this green synthesis, the reaction proceeded to give a red/purple color that was monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometry, where the formed AuNPs had an absorption band with max of 550 nm. In terms of the highest absorbance at 550 nm, reaction conditions were optimized at a temperature of 75°C, at pH 7 and using a reaction time of 4 h. The integrity of the synthesized AuNPs was confirmed and their physical properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which also showed evidence that plant metabolites contributed to capping or stabilization of the AuNPs. XRD spectra suggested a particle size of around 40 nm and SEM images revealed spherical and relatively uniform and disperse particles with a size of less than 0.1 m. In a broth microdilution assay, the AuNPs showed inhibitory effects against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but not against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis. The AuNPs showed no hemagglutination activity or cytotoxic activity against human blood cells, which is important for them to be explored as therapeutic antibacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210501
The outbreak COVID-19 is considered as a revolution in history of biological science. SARS-CoV-2 is a main cause of COVID-19 having resemblance with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The response of host to the infection of SARS-CoV is multiform and strong. Initially, an effective host defense in the lung is affiliated with disease resolution and mild symptoms. The escaping of virus from immune response can lead to damage the alveoli, systematic inflammation, and ineffective lung repair mechanism with associated organ dysfunction. The immunological responses are necessary to fight with the virus and an effective and a safe vaccine is needed to overcome the pandemic. The development of vaccine is progressing fast, billions of dollars committed with more than 200 candidates before even knowing whether a vaccine candidate will succeed.
{"title":"Immunological considerations and vaccines against COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210501","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak COVID-19 is considered as a revolution in history of biological science. SARS-CoV-2 is a main cause of COVID-19 having resemblance with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The response of host to the infection of SARS-CoV is multiform and strong. Initially, an effective host defense in the lung is affiliated with disease resolution and mild symptoms. The escaping of virus from immune response can lead to damage the alveoli, systematic inflammation, and ineffective lung repair mechanism with associated organ dysfunction. The immunological responses are necessary to fight with the virus and an effective and a safe vaccine is needed to overcome the pandemic. The development of vaccine is progressing fast, billions of dollars committed with more than 200 candidates before even knowing whether a vaccine candidate will succeed.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87651833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210511
From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic occurred that started in Wuhan, China, initially spread in China and then globally all over the World. The COVID-19 has also increased in a number of children, but they have better prognosis and lighter course than adults. According to a study, the overall rate is 5,431 cases per 100,000 children. The prevalence of COVID-19 among children under 18 years was 2.1% and their death rate was only 0.01%. Death rate is rare in children. The majority of children have no clinical sign and symptoms; it’s difficult to identify pediatric patients. The patient does not have information about epidemiologically. These patients create dangerous situation in a community to spread infection.
{"title":"COVID-19 in children: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210511","url":null,"abstract":"From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic occurred that started in Wuhan, China, initially spread in China and then globally all over the World. The COVID-19 has also increased in a number of children, but they have better prognosis and lighter course than adults. According to a study, the overall rate is 5,431 cases per 100,000 children. The prevalence of COVID-19 among children under 18 years was 2.1% and their death rate was only 0.01%. Death rate is rare in children. The majority of children have no clinical sign and symptoms; it’s difficult to identify pediatric patients. The patient does not have information about epidemiologically. These patients create dangerous situation in a community to spread infection.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85745887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20201223
The emergence of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology occurred through the appropriate use of known procedures and tools in novel ways that resulted in broad applications for modifying and analyzing gene structure and organization of complex genomes. In the past centuries, the production of organisms having desirable traits was a mere imagination. Nowadays, rDNA technology has revolutionized the field of science, having vast and multidisciplinary applications, and products that were impossible to produce by conventional or traditional methods. With the aid of rDNA technology, impossible things could be achieved. rDNA technology has vital applications like plant and animal production, health improvement, increment in food resources, treatment of serious diseases, protein development, improved environmental conditions, etc. This technology plays a crucial role not only in the betterment of health conditions by the development of pharmaceuticals or new vaccines but also in improving the treatment strategies by developing monitoring devices, novel therapeutic approaches, and new diagnostic kits. This review mainly emphasizes the possible roles of rDNA technology for human welfare.
{"title":"A revolution by recombinant DNA technology to improve the quality of life","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20201223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20201223","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology occurred through the appropriate use of known procedures and tools in novel ways that resulted in broad applications for modifying and analyzing gene structure and organization of complex genomes. In the past centuries, the production of organisms having desirable traits was a mere imagination. Nowadays, rDNA technology has revolutionized the field of science, having vast and multidisciplinary applications, and products that were impossible to produce by conventional or traditional methods. With the aid of rDNA technology, impossible things could be achieved. rDNA technology has vital applications like plant and animal production, health improvement, increment in food resources, treatment of serious diseases, protein development, improved environmental conditions, etc. This technology plays a crucial role not only in the betterment of health conditions by the development of pharmaceuticals or new vaccines but also in improving the treatment strategies by developing monitoring devices, novel therapeutic approaches, and new diagnostic kits. This review mainly emphasizes the possible roles of rDNA technology for human welfare.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"45 20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75434430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20201114
Muhammad Taimur Siddique, Ahmed Hafeez, Sadaf Mearaj, Shabbar Abbas
Vitamin D, like other vitamins, is an essential micronutrient required for proper human metabolic function. It refers to a group of compounds, the most important of which are D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D is acquired from two main sources, synthesis in lower layers of the skin triggered by exposure to the sun (90%) and through diet (10%). Vitamin D levels can be determined by measuring 25(OH)D concentration in the serum and deficiencies are responsible for a wide range of issues including bone-related problems, depression, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardio and respiratory problems, infections, autism and obesity. Synthesis in the body can be affected by a variety of factors including skin color, age, lifestyle, clothing, weather and even general health illiteracy. In terms of diet, the staple foods of the Pakistani population are generally deficient in vitamin D. As a result, a significant proportion of the Pakistani population, in particular women and children, suffer from vitamin D deficiency. The various challenges that need to be addressed to overcome this issue are discussed, along with potentially employable strategies such as food fortification (for example by micro and nano encapsulation technologies) and bio fortification.
{"title":"Overview of Vitamin D, its status and consequences: Challenges and prospects for Pakistani population: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Taimur Siddique, Ahmed Hafeez, Sadaf Mearaj, Shabbar Abbas","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20201114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20201114","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D, like other vitamins, is an essential micronutrient required for proper human metabolic function. It refers to a group of compounds, the most important of which are D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D is acquired from two main sources, synthesis in lower layers of the skin triggered by exposure to the sun (90%) and through diet (10%). Vitamin D levels can be determined by measuring 25(OH)D concentration in the serum and deficiencies are responsible for a wide range of issues including bone-related problems, depression, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardio and respiratory problems, infections, autism and obesity. Synthesis in the body can be affected by a variety of factors including skin color, age, lifestyle, clothing, weather and even general health illiteracy. In terms of diet, the staple foods of the Pakistani population are generally deficient in vitamin D. As a result, a significant proportion of the Pakistani population, in particular women and children, suffer from vitamin D deficiency. The various challenges that need to be addressed to overcome this issue are discussed, along with potentially employable strategies such as food fortification (for example by micro and nano encapsulation technologies) and bio fortification.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86991985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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