Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220521
Cigarette smoking has harmful effects on the physiology of the body. Higher exposure to smoking causes musculoskeletal disorders including depressed muscle protein synthesis, arterial stiffness, reduction in serum HDL level, cerebral aneurysm, weight loss and obesity. The present study was carried out in the different areas of Tehsil Mailsi and District Vehari through a survey in form of a questionnaire, and the blood samples were collected randomly. A total of 431 persons participated in the recent survey, with 51.28% being from rural areas and 48.49% hailing from cities. The sample population had 26.45% chain smokers, 45.48% light smokers, and 27.48% ex-smokers. As a result of their company, the majority of them begin to smoke as a fashion statement. It was determined that cigarette smoking has numerous consequences on human physiology, however, the level of CBC was observed as normal due to increased physical activity and natural food consumption. It was concluded that no significant values were explored.
{"title":"Relationship of smoking with alteration in body physiology","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220521","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoking has harmful effects on the physiology of the body. Higher exposure to smoking causes musculoskeletal disorders including depressed muscle protein synthesis, arterial stiffness, reduction in serum HDL level, cerebral aneurysm, weight loss and obesity. The present study was carried out in the different areas of Tehsil Mailsi and District Vehari through a survey in form of a questionnaire, and the blood samples were collected randomly. A total of 431 persons participated in the recent survey, with 51.28% being from rural areas and 48.49% hailing from cities. The sample population had 26.45% chain smokers, 45.48% light smokers, and 27.48% ex-smokers. As a result of their company, the majority of them begin to smoke as a fashion statement. It was determined that cigarette smoking has numerous consequences on human physiology, however, the level of CBC was observed as normal due to increased physical activity and natural food consumption. It was concluded that no significant values were explored.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85403951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220628
The metal complexes of Mg (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) with β-sitosterol were synthesized and the obtained complexes were characterized by various techniques such as elemental analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), UV Visible Spectroscopy (UV VIS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). From the analytical data, the stoichiometry of all the complexes was found to be a 1:2 (metal: ligand) ratio with the general formula ML2X. The IR spectral data predict that the βs behave as a bidentate ligand with a hydroxyl group (OH) and C=C (double bond) groups pointing towards the central metal ion. The Absorption spectra showed an octahedral geometry of the complexes. The EDX features indicated that the desired elements along with their mass percentage ratio are present in the metal complexes. The ligand and complexes were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The metal ions present in the complexes accelerate the anti-microbial activity and they are more effective than ligands in terms of their biological activity which gives them the opportunity for use in medical practice.
{"title":"Characterization of metal (Mg, Ni & Zn) complexes with β-sitosterol for antimicrobial studies","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220628","url":null,"abstract":"The metal complexes of Mg (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) with β-sitosterol were synthesized and the obtained complexes were characterized by various techniques such as elemental analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), UV Visible Spectroscopy (UV VIS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). From the analytical data, the stoichiometry of all the complexes was found to be a 1:2 (metal: ligand) ratio with the general formula ML2X. The IR spectral data predict that the βs behave as a bidentate ligand with a hydroxyl group (OH) and C=C (double bond) groups pointing towards the central metal ion. The Absorption spectra showed an octahedral geometry of the complexes. The EDX features indicated that the desired elements along with their mass percentage ratio are present in the metal complexes. The ligand and complexes were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The metal ions present in the complexes accelerate the anti-microbial activity and they are more effective than ligands in terms of their biological activity which gives them the opportunity for use in medical practice.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72825111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220226
In the science of pharmacology, solubility plays a crucial role in the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug. Utilizing solubility features to improve the bioavailability and pharmacological effect of diverse weakly soluble substances, is an arduous task for pharmaceutical experts and researchers. Particle size, surface area, physicochemical qualities, physical forms of drugs, solvents and surfactant usage are parameters that influence solubility. The objective of the current study was to enhance the solubility of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): Sulindac. The micellar solutions method was employed with different surfactants to increase the efficiency. Both nonionic (Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 with Brij 30, 35 and 56) and ionic (SDS, SDBS, CTAB, TTAB and DTAB) surfactants were investigated for their effect on drug solubility in aqueous solution. Various parameters of surfactant solutions such as aggregation number, micelle-water partition coefficient (KM), molar solubilization ratio (MSR), Gibbs energy of solubilization (∆Gº s), size of micelle and binding constant of the drug micelles were measured. Finding reveals that the use of mentioned surfactant is an excellent approach to enhancing the solubility of sulindac. Furthermore, the present work provides an understanding of the relation of aqueous solubility with aggregation number and structure of surfactants used.
{"title":"Enhancement in aqueous solubility of sulindac medicine by using the micellar solution of ionic and non-ionic surfactants","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220226","url":null,"abstract":"In the science of pharmacology, solubility plays a crucial role in the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug. Utilizing solubility features to improve the bioavailability and pharmacological effect of diverse weakly soluble substances, is an arduous task for pharmaceutical experts and researchers. Particle size, surface area, physicochemical qualities, physical forms of drugs, solvents and surfactant usage are parameters that influence solubility. The objective of the current study was to enhance the solubility of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): Sulindac. The micellar solutions method was employed with different surfactants to increase the efficiency. Both nonionic (Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 with Brij 30, 35 and 56) and ionic (SDS, SDBS, CTAB, TTAB and DTAB) surfactants were investigated for their effect on drug solubility in aqueous solution. Various parameters of surfactant solutions such as aggregation number, micelle-water partition coefficient (KM), molar solubilization ratio (MSR), Gibbs energy of solubilization (∆Gº s), size of micelle and binding constant of the drug micelles were measured. Finding reveals that the use of mentioned surfactant is an excellent approach to enhancing the solubility of sulindac. Furthermore, the present work provides an understanding of the relation of aqueous solubility with aggregation number and structure of surfactants used.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73790565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220513
Chikungunya virus is positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes an arthropod-borne chikungunya fever, myalgia and arthralgia. Chikungunya virus belongs to the Togaviridae family, and the genus is Alphavirus. Virus-host protein interaction plays a vital role in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs. We designed the current study to establish the in-silico interaction of non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) with proteins of innate immune pathway. The nsP2 sequences of various Chikungunya virus genotypes were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Institute (NCBI). The homology models of proteins were generated through a protein modeling online web server. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nsP2 and proteins of innate immune pathway were docked using High Ambiguity-Driven Docking (HADDOCK) webserver. The interactive residues of the bimolecular complexes were analyzed with PDBsum-Generate online webserver. Our findings revealed differentially affinity of nsP2 of various chikungunya genotypes towards key proteins of cellular innate pathway. The nsP2 of Asian genotype demonstrates relatively high interaction with interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1). Similarly, nsP2 of various genotypes binds with differential affinity to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) with the highest affinity observed for the nsP2 of the West African genotype. Bimolecular complexes of nsP2 and host proteins demonstrate the interaction of various domains of nsP2 with proteins of the innate immune pathway. Thus, it is sought that the selected panel of the proteins might be helpful to treat the viral infection as a therapeutic drug target in the future.
{"title":"Modeling interaction between non-structural protein 2 of Chikungunya Virus and various protein factors of innate pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220513","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya virus is positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes an arthropod-borne chikungunya fever, myalgia and arthralgia. Chikungunya virus belongs to the Togaviridae family, and the genus is Alphavirus. Virus-host protein interaction plays a vital role in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs. We designed the current study to establish the in-silico interaction of non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) with proteins of innate immune pathway. The nsP2 sequences of various Chikungunya virus genotypes were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Institute (NCBI). The homology models of proteins were generated through a protein modeling online web server. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nsP2 and proteins of innate immune pathway were docked using High Ambiguity-Driven Docking (HADDOCK) webserver. The interactive residues of the bimolecular complexes were analyzed with PDBsum-Generate online webserver. Our findings revealed differentially affinity of nsP2 of various chikungunya genotypes towards key proteins of cellular innate pathway. The nsP2 of Asian genotype demonstrates relatively high interaction with interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1). Similarly, nsP2 of various genotypes binds with differential affinity to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) with the highest affinity observed for the nsP2 of the West African genotype. Bimolecular complexes of nsP2 and host proteins demonstrate the interaction of various domains of nsP2 with proteins of the innate immune pathway. Thus, it is sought that the selected panel of the proteins might be helpful to treat the viral infection as a therapeutic drug target in the future.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74069099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220523
M. Khan, Rabia Nawaz, Khadija Akhter, A. Ahad, Samyyia Abrar, Uqba Mehmood, Muhammad, Shahid, S. Sabri, Sana Sajjad, Marhaba Khurshid, Saad, Ahmed
It is important to diagnose multiple infections timely, to avoid potential treatment complications. We report a case here with multiple infections, admitted to the ICU of a private healthcare facility, for ventilatory support. On admission, he had reactive hepatitis E and hepatitis C, was suspected of oral thrush, acute and chronic typhoid associated with headache, fever for one month, nausea for the last three days, yellow colored urine for seven days, and difficulty breathing. He was treated for four days, and afterward, removed from hospital care without the consent of the doctor in-charge while his condition was not stable. Several essential diagnostic tests were recommended but were not provided for by the caretakers. Unfortunately, the telephonic follow up brought the news of his sad demise a day after his discharge from the hospital. Poor financial conditions, lack of public funding, lack of awareness amongst caretakers, as well as the absence of trust in the national healthcare system, pose serious challenges for healthcare providers and lead to many such sad instances quite routinely in developing countries.
{"title":"Case report of multiple concomitant infections (HCV, HEV, Typhoid and Oral thrush) and their treatment challenges in a developing country","authors":"M. Khan, Rabia Nawaz, Khadija Akhter, A. Ahad, Samyyia Abrar, Uqba Mehmood, Muhammad, Shahid, S. Sabri, Sana Sajjad, Marhaba Khurshid, Saad, Ahmed","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220523","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to diagnose multiple infections timely, to avoid potential treatment complications. We report a case here with multiple infections, admitted to the ICU of a private healthcare facility, for ventilatory support. On admission, he had reactive hepatitis E and hepatitis C, was suspected of oral thrush, acute and chronic typhoid associated with headache, fever for one month, nausea for the last three days, yellow colored urine for seven days, and difficulty breathing. He was treated for four days, and afterward, removed from hospital care without the consent of the doctor in-charge while his condition was not stable. Several essential diagnostic tests were recommended but were not provided for by the caretakers. Unfortunately, the telephonic follow up brought the news of his sad demise a day after his discharge from the hospital. Poor financial conditions, lack of public funding, lack of awareness amongst caretakers, as well as the absence of trust in the national healthcare system, pose serious challenges for healthcare providers and lead to many such sad instances quite routinely in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89307147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220225
Eucalyptus camaldulensis is an evergreen plant with remarkable industrial importance and biological properties. Its effectiveness against numerous diseases has been reported throughout human history. Recent research reports on this plant have also confirmed its medicinal properties. This review compiled different biological activities and medicinal properties of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. It has been concluded that this marvelous natural product exhibits a wide range of biological activities e.g., antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, larvicidal, acaricidal, and cytotoxic activities, etc. Its active component Eucalyptol has the potential to combine with drugs to take them inside the cell. This review can be beneficial for researchers working in the field of medicinal plants, natural products from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and their medicinal applications to explore new research horizons.
{"title":"Significance of essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis on human health: A literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220225","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus camaldulensis is an evergreen plant with remarkable industrial importance and biological properties. Its effectiveness against numerous diseases has been reported throughout human history. Recent research reports on this plant have also confirmed its medicinal properties. This review compiled different biological activities and medicinal properties of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. It has been concluded that this marvelous natural product exhibits a wide range of biological activities e.g., antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, larvicidal, acaricidal, and cytotoxic activities, etc. Its active component Eucalyptol has the potential to combine with drugs to take them inside the cell. This review can be beneficial for researchers working in the field of medicinal plants, natural products from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and their medicinal applications to explore new research horizons.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80967519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220501
The consumption of plastic has drastically increased leads to the plastic waste and became the global issue. In the present study, the screening of bacterial isolates from saline areas along with their microbial and biofilm efficiency in degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene plastic materials were estimated at two different temperatures (30°C and 37°C). The soil samples were collected from salt-affected lands for the isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates. The isolated strains were characterized by 16S rRNA. Two bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter cloacae) were identified through sequencing (BioEditor Sequence Builder) among the selected bacterial isolates. Effective degradation rate has been observed through B. subtilis towards LDPE, HDPE and polypropylene as 18%, 25% and 42% respectively through biofilm, while the degradation rate in TSA media were observed as 32%, 30% and 52% respectively, at 37°C. Similarly, E. cloacae degrades the LDPE, HDPE and polypropylene material at 12%, 15% and 30% through biofilm, however 19%, 18% and 38% degradation rate were observed at 37°C respectively. Therefore, both bacterial strains (MK2 B. subtilis and MK29 E. cloacae) isolated from salt-affected area showed potential to degrade the plastic materials at optimum temperature of 37°C.
塑料的消费量急剧增加，导致塑料垃圾成为全球性问题。在本研究中，研究了从盐碱地分离的细菌的筛选及其在两种不同温度(30°C和37°C)下降解低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯塑料材料的微生物和生物膜效率。从盐渍地采集土壤样品，进行细菌分离和鉴定。分离菌株采用16S rRNA进行鉴定。通过测序(BioEditor Sequence Builder)对所选菌株进行测序，鉴定出枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)。在37℃条件下，枯草芽孢杆菌通过生物膜对LDPE、HDPE和聚丙烯的有效降解率分别为18%、25%和42%，而在TSA培养基中的降解率分别为32%、30%和52%。同样，E. cloacae通过生物膜对LDPE、HDPE和聚丙烯材料的降解率分别为12%、15%和30%，而在37℃时的降解率分别为19%、18%和38%。因此，从盐害区分离的两株细菌(MK2 B. subtilis和MK29 E. cloacae)在37℃的最适温度下均表现出降解塑料材料的潜力。
{"title":"Efficiency of halophilic biofilm producing bacteria towards the degradation of plastic materials at optimum temperature","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220501","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of plastic has drastically increased leads to the plastic waste and became the global issue. In the present study, the screening of bacterial isolates from saline areas along with their microbial and biofilm efficiency in degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene plastic materials were estimated at two different temperatures (30°C and 37°C). The soil samples were collected from salt-affected lands for the isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates. The isolated strains were characterized by 16S rRNA. Two bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter cloacae) were identified through sequencing (BioEditor Sequence Builder) among the selected bacterial isolates. Effective degradation rate has been observed through B. subtilis towards LDPE, HDPE and polypropylene as 18%, 25% and 42% respectively through biofilm, while the degradation rate in TSA media were observed as 32%, 30% and 52% respectively, at 37°C. Similarly, E. cloacae degrades the LDPE, HDPE and polypropylene material at 12%, 15% and 30% through biofilm, however 19%, 18% and 38% degradation rate were observed at 37°C respectively. Therefore, both bacterial strains (MK2 B. subtilis and MK29 E. cloacae) isolated from salt-affected area showed potential to degrade the plastic materials at optimum temperature of 37°C.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85880416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220223
MDM-2 is also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by Mdm-2. MDM-2 is an important negative regulator of p53 tumor suppressor and performs key function as an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activation and E3 ubiquitin ligase. MDM-2 also plays significant role in human cancers and therapeutic target. Hundred different structures were predicted through comparative modeling, threading and ab initio approaches followed by the evaluation of predicted structures through various evaluation tools including ERRAT, ProSa-web, Rampage, molprobidity, verify3D and Anolea. The selected 3D structure of MDM-2 showed 13 α- helix chains, 2 β-pleated sheets along with 97.4468% overall quality factor of the predicted structure. Interestingly, it was observed that only 4.5% residues were present in outlier region and the observed errors were fixed. Moreover, 91.1% residues of the selected structure were present in favored region and 8.9% in allowed region having -6.0 Z-score. High throughput virtual screening and comparative molecular docking studies was performed. Four novel compounds have been reported that showed minimum binding energy (-8.1 Kcal/mol) and maximum binding affinity against MDM-2. Molecular docking analyses revealed that Ser154, Arg155, Pro156, Ser157, Lys185, Ser186, Ser188, Ser190, Ile189, Val247, Glu257, Asp173, Glu174, Glu178, Arg161, Ard181, Lys182, Arg183 and His184 residues are significant residues for therapeutic drug targets. The reported compounds showed effective energy scores. In addition, the site-directed mutagenesis may be helpful for further analyses. The reported compounds may act like potent drug compounds against MDM-2.
{"title":"Comparative modeling, comparative molecular docking analyses, and revealing of potential binding pockets of MDM-2: A candidate cancer gene","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220223","url":null,"abstract":"MDM-2 is also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by Mdm-2. MDM-2 is an important negative regulator of p53 tumor suppressor and performs key function as an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activation and E3 ubiquitin ligase. MDM-2 also plays significant role in human cancers and therapeutic target. Hundred different structures were predicted through comparative modeling, threading and ab initio approaches followed by the evaluation of predicted structures through various evaluation tools including ERRAT, ProSa-web, Rampage, molprobidity, verify3D and Anolea. The selected 3D structure of MDM-2 showed 13 α- helix chains, 2 β-pleated sheets along with 97.4468% overall quality factor of the predicted structure. Interestingly, it was observed that only 4.5% residues were present in outlier region and the observed errors were fixed. Moreover, 91.1% residues of the selected structure were present in favored region and 8.9% in allowed region having -6.0 Z-score. High throughput virtual screening and comparative molecular docking studies was performed. Four novel compounds have been reported that showed minimum binding energy (-8.1 Kcal/mol) and maximum binding affinity against MDM-2. Molecular docking analyses revealed that Ser154, Arg155, Pro156, Ser157, Lys185, Ser186, Ser188, Ser190, Ile189, Val247, Glu257, Asp173, Glu174, Glu178, Arg161, Ard181, Lys182, Arg183 and His184 residues are significant residues for therapeutic drug targets. The reported compounds showed effective energy scores. In addition, the site-directed mutagenesis may be helpful for further analyses. The reported compounds may act like potent drug compounds against MDM-2.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89571056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20211201
Bacillus species present in soil contain enzymes which show proteolytic properties to decompose proteins. Soil proteases are mainly provided by soil bacteria. Bacillus species have various industrial uses. The aim of this study was to isolate and molecular characterization of keratinase producing Bacillus species from soil. Bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Biochemical and molecular characterization have been performed using different biochemical tests (Catalase, Nitrate, simmon citrate, Triple sugar iron tests) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis respectively. Moreover, keratinase test has been performed to check the presence of keratinase enzyme in isolated species. In this study, five different bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Out of five strains, four were Bacilli and one strain is Citrobacter farmeri. Sequencing results showed that four strains were Gram positive, Bacilli and one strain was Gram negative, Citrobacter farmeri. A keratinase test was performed to see the presence of keratinase enzyme in all strains. The results showed that keratinase was present in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. This study concluded the significant role of Bacillus species in the production of keratinase enzyme. A keratinase enzyme is very important in leather industry for dehairing. Keratinase enzyme is non pollutant and economical.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of keratinase producing Bacillus species from soil","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20211201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20211201","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus species present in soil contain enzymes which show proteolytic properties to decompose proteins. Soil proteases are mainly provided by soil bacteria. Bacillus species have various industrial uses. The aim of this study was to isolate and molecular characterization of keratinase producing Bacillus species from soil. Bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Biochemical and molecular characterization have been performed using different biochemical tests (Catalase, Nitrate, simmon citrate, Triple sugar iron tests) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis respectively. Moreover, keratinase test has been performed to check the presence of keratinase enzyme in isolated species. In this study, five different bacterial strains have been isolated from soil. Out of five strains, four were Bacilli and one strain is Citrobacter farmeri. Sequencing results showed that four strains were Gram positive, Bacilli and one strain was Gram negative, Citrobacter farmeri. A keratinase test was performed to see the presence of keratinase enzyme in all strains. The results showed that keratinase was present in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. This study concluded the significant role of Bacillus species in the production of keratinase enzyme. A keratinase enzyme is very important in leather industry for dehairing. Keratinase enzyme is non pollutant and economical.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78730108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.47262/bl/8.2.20220314
Maqsood Ahmed, A. Javeed, Allah Rakha Sajid, Sami Ullah, Rana Qaiser Saleem, Zuhaib Ahmad, A. Sikandar, Zahid Nazir, Faqir Ahmad, Mingshan Ji, AR Sajid, RQ Saleem, Sikandar A Nazir Z Hassan TU
To provide the safe and healthy food to the increasing world population in China and all over the world, the development of modern research based scientific system of organic farming is a dire need of time. Fertilizers, high yielding crop varieties and use of chemicals are key tools to ensure plentiful supply of high yielding agriculture products in China. To cope with these issues, quick and easy use of synthetic chemicals is creating several problems such as, severely health hazardous chemicals on food, environmental pollution and residual effects in land and water resources. In addition, to overcome pesticides resistance in insects, pest resurgence, secondary pest outbreak, the biologically safe and environment friendly pesticides are utmost needed. So, in current system biopesticides are good alternatives of chemical agro-inputs which are less toxic to health, ecofriendly, target specific, biodegradable, suitable for integrated pest management tool, non-phytotoxic and are easily implemented in organic farming. Biopesticides production in China is increasing rapidly by the interest of government and China's plan of zero growth of pesticides consumption to 2025. This is the key plan of biopesticides production and development to replace health hazardous chemical pesticides in China and world together. Hence, this article reviews the present status of health friendly biopesticides development and formulation for future prospects in China as healthy alternative of hazardous synthetic chemicals.
{"title":"Biopesticides: A healthy alternative of hazardous chemical pesticides, current development and status in China","authors":"Maqsood Ahmed, A. Javeed, Allah Rakha Sajid, Sami Ullah, Rana Qaiser Saleem, Zuhaib Ahmad, A. Sikandar, Zahid Nazir, Faqir Ahmad, Mingshan Ji, AR Sajid, RQ Saleem, Sikandar A Nazir Z Hassan TU","doi":"10.47262/bl/8.2.20220314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/8.2.20220314","url":null,"abstract":"To provide the safe and healthy food to the increasing world population in China and all over the world, the development of modern research based scientific system of organic farming is a dire need of time. Fertilizers, high yielding crop varieties and use of chemicals are key tools to ensure plentiful supply of high yielding agriculture products in China. To cope with these issues, quick and easy use of synthetic chemicals is creating several problems such as, severely health hazardous chemicals on food, environmental pollution and residual effects in land and water resources. In addition, to overcome pesticides resistance in insects, pest resurgence, secondary pest outbreak, the biologically safe and environment friendly pesticides are utmost needed. So, in current system biopesticides are good alternatives of chemical agro-inputs which are less toxic to health, ecofriendly, target specific, biodegradable, suitable for integrated pest management tool, non-phytotoxic and are easily implemented in organic farming. Biopesticides production in China is increasing rapidly by the interest of government and China's plan of zero growth of pesticides consumption to 2025. This is the key plan of biopesticides production and development to replace health hazardous chemical pesticides in China and world together. Hence, this article reviews the present status of health friendly biopesticides development and formulation for future prospects in China as healthy alternative of hazardous synthetic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83706484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：