In the month of December year 2019, a virus that is known as novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) activate via SARS-CoV 2 pop up in a country that is China and now has unfolded in numerous countries. This virus is mutating continuously and appears as more severe in transmitting infections and mortality. It is found that the transmission rate and mortality due to COVID-19 is different in different regions. It is also reported that pregnant ladies are the prone populace of COVID-19 and are greater in all likelihood to possess problems and proceed to extreme illness. However, direct transference from mom to toddler is still to be approved. Coronavirus discovered (COVID-19) has hastily activated like a world fitness ultimatum. The reason for this in the article is to measure our neighborhood trip of boosting contamination manage rate COVID-19 contamination of each medical care people and sufferers. In addition, it is recommended to make effective legislation to control the spread of viral diseases globally.
{"title":"Infection control measures for COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/6.2.20201212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/6.2.20201212","url":null,"abstract":"In the month of December year 2019, a virus that is known as novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) activate via SARS-CoV 2 pop up in a country that is China and now has unfolded in numerous countries. This virus is mutating continuously and appears as more severe in transmitting infections and mortality. It is found that the transmission rate and mortality due to COVID-19 is different in different regions. It is also reported that pregnant ladies are the prone populace of COVID-19 and are greater in all likelihood to possess problems and proceed to extreme illness. However, direct transference from mom to toddler is still to be approved. Coronavirus discovered (COVID-19) has hastily activated like a world fitness ultimatum. The reason for this in the article is to measure our neighborhood trip of boosting contamination manage rate COVID-19 contamination of each medical care people and sufferers. In addition, it is recommended to make effective legislation to control the spread of viral diseases globally.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019 in order to detect the tetracycline A resistant Gene in gram negative bacteria. A total of 40 buffalo's milk samples were collected randomly by aseptic technique, brought to laboratory. They were inoculated on Blood and MacConkey agars and then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours whereby growth of colonies were further confirmed with catalase test, Coagulase test, Oxidase test, Gram staining and API 20 E kit. Bacterial DNA was isolated using the boiling method. The Tet A gene (210 bp) was amplified in thermal cycler and run on 1.8-gram agarose gel with 50 kb ladder. The most predominant bacterial colonies observed were of Escherichia coli (10 (33.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 5 (16.7%), Klebsiella spp. 5 (16.7 %), Pseudomonas spp. 10 (33.3%) and prevalence of tetracycline A gene was 8 (26.7%).
{"title":"Molecular analysis of tetracycline resistant gene in gram-negative bacteria isolated from dairy farms","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/6.2.20200724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/6.2.20200724","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019 in order to detect the tetracycline A resistant Gene in gram negative bacteria. A total of 40 buffalo's milk samples were collected randomly by aseptic technique, brought to laboratory. They were inoculated on Blood and MacConkey agars and then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours whereby growth of colonies were further confirmed with catalase test, Coagulase test, Oxidase test, Gram staining and API 20 E kit. Bacterial DNA was isolated using the boiling method. The Tet A gene (210 bp) was amplified in thermal cycler and run on 1.8-gram agarose gel with 50 kb ladder. The most predominant bacterial colonies observed were of Escherichia coli (10 (33.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 5 (16.7%), Klebsiella spp. 5 (16.7 %), Pseudomonas spp. 10 (33.3%) and prevalence of tetracycline A gene was 8 (26.7%).","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77949716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.47262/bl/6.2.20200611
To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with oral VP-16 for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant advanced ovarian carcinoma. Twenty-seven advanced ovarian carcinoma patients were treated with oral VP-16 chemotherapy combined with oral apatinib mesylate (500 mg/d). CA125, VEGF, and CEA were examined every 3-4 weeks, and tumour changes were monitored by CT every 8-12 weeks. PFS was obtained by follow-up after discharge. For all patients, the ORR (including CR and PR) was 25.0%, and the DCR (including CR, PR and SD) was 75.0%. CEA and CA199 significantly decreased (p<0.05), but the decrease in VEGF was not significant. The average PFS was 5.13 months. The ECOG score had a significant effect on PFS (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences in PFS based on age (p=0.394). The main side effects of this regimen were hypertension, proteinuria, hand-foot syndrome and myelosuppression, which were tolerated by patients after active symptomatic treatment. Apatinib combined with oral VP-16 is an effective regimen for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant advanced ovarian cancer. This combination therapy should be widely used in clinical practice.
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with oral VP-16 for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: Preliminary evaluation of a clinical drug regimen","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/6.2.20200611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/6.2.20200611","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with oral VP-16 for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant advanced ovarian carcinoma. Twenty-seven advanced ovarian carcinoma patients were treated with oral VP-16 chemotherapy combined with oral apatinib mesylate (500 mg/d). CA125, VEGF, and CEA were examined every 3-4 weeks, and tumour changes were monitored by CT every 8-12 weeks. PFS was obtained by follow-up after discharge. For all patients, the ORR (including CR and PR) was 25.0%, and the DCR (including CR, PR and SD) was 75.0%. CEA and CA199 significantly decreased (p<0.05), but the decrease in VEGF was not significant. The average PFS was 5.13 months. The ECOG score had a significant effect on PFS (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences in PFS based on age (p=0.394). The main side effects of this regimen were hypertension, proteinuria, hand-foot syndrome and myelosuppression, which were tolerated by patients after active symptomatic treatment. Apatinib combined with oral VP-16 is an effective regimen for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant advanced ovarian cancer. This combination therapy should be widely used in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78665011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, pneumonia-like cases with unexplored cause appeared, after sequence analysis named as SARS-COV-2. WHO reported the prevalence of tobacco addiction was 19.33%, with 23.29% male and 15.35% female adolescents in 133 countries of the world. History revealed it is a type of common virus spreading epidemic in animals: people, birds, bats mostly harbor these viruses. Bats, pigs, civets, and pangolins are to be intermediate species for the new coronavirus. Coronaviruses cause long term and constant effect due to their ability to adapt to the new environment and host by mutation; recombination as dependent RNA polymerase and error-prone RNA. Four genera of Coronaviruses are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta coronaviruses respectively. HCOV-NL63, TGEV, PEDV are alpha coronaviruses. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, OC43 are beta coronaviruses. IBV, PdCoV are gamma and delta coronaviruses, respectively. This outbreak would be controlled under the guideline of prevention and maintain hygienic conditions.
{"title":"Possible strategies and treatments of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/6.2.20200531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/6.2.20200531","url":null,"abstract":"December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, pneumonia-like cases with unexplored cause appeared, after sequence analysis named as SARS-COV-2. WHO reported the prevalence of tobacco addiction was 19.33%, with 23.29% male and 15.35% female adolescents in 133 countries of the world. History revealed it is a type of common virus spreading epidemic in animals: people, birds, bats mostly harbor these viruses. Bats, pigs, civets, and pangolins are to be intermediate species for the new coronavirus. Coronaviruses cause long term and constant effect due to their ability to adapt to the new environment and host by mutation; recombination as dependent RNA polymerase and error-prone RNA. Four genera of Coronaviruses are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta coronaviruses respectively. HCOV-NL63, TGEV, PEDV are alpha coronaviruses. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, OC43 are beta coronaviruses. IBV, PdCoV are gamma and delta coronaviruses, respectively. This outbreak would be controlled under the guideline of prevention and maintain hygienic conditions.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78882339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.47262/bl/6.2.20200503
A highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread across the World. This infection was named as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the causative agent was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The careless and irresponsible attitude of the affected people of COVID-19 from the affected countries became the reason to import the deadliest COVID-19 to other countries. Unfortunately, Pakistan is also among those countries struck by the imported cases of COVID-19. The majority of the people in Pakistan are uneducated regarding COVID-19 and are unaware of the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, it is suggested that this is the time to take more strict measures to avoid the situation becoming out of control.
{"title":"COVID-19 epidemic forecasting and attitude of Pakistani nation towards the mighty pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/6.2.20200503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/6.2.20200503","url":null,"abstract":"A highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread across the World. This infection was named as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the causative agent was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The careless and irresponsible attitude of the affected people of COVID-19 from the affected countries became the reason to import the deadliest COVID-19 to other countries. Unfortunately, Pakistan is also among those countries struck by the imported cases of COVID-19. The majority of the people in Pakistan are uneducated regarding COVID-19 and are unaware of the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, it is suggested that this is the time to take more strict measures to avoid the situation becoming out of control.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78591152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.47262//bl/6.2.20200432
Plant invasion is a key element defining the community structure and dynamics and has become a major concern for the invasive plants to control the restoration of ecosystem diversity. In the same line of thought, soil microorganisms are also considered as a significant parameter of evolution and invasive plants' success. The variations usually overserved in the composition and structure of the soil microorganisms and the consequences of plant invasion. Therefore, understanding the concept of plant invasion and soil microorganism impact plant competition and plant-soil feedback would be a very important step forward in invasive plant control and ecosystem restoration. This review aims to provide a conceptual explanation of plant invasion, the role of soil microorganisms on plant growth and its effects on the native plant-soil feedback and also to demonstrate the importance of understanding the integrative soil microorganism impact on the competition between native and invasive plants along with its effects on plant-soil feedback.
{"title":"Soil microorganism impact on the native plant growth under single and co-invasion with invasive plants: Responses through plant-soil feedback","authors":"","doi":"10.47262//bl/6.2.20200432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262//bl/6.2.20200432","url":null,"abstract":"Plant invasion is a key element defining the community structure and dynamics and has become a major concern for the invasive plants to control the restoration of ecosystem diversity. In the same line of thought, soil microorganisms are also considered as a significant parameter of evolution and invasive plants' success. The variations usually overserved in the composition and structure of the soil microorganisms and the consequences of plant invasion. Therefore, understanding the concept of plant invasion and soil microorganism impact plant competition and plant-soil feedback would be a very important step forward in invasive plant control and ecosystem restoration. This review aims to provide a conceptual explanation of plant invasion, the role of soil microorganisms on plant growth and its effects on the native plant-soil feedback and also to demonstrate the importance of understanding the integrative soil microorganism impact on the competition between native and invasive plants along with its effects on plant-soil feedback.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89069291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210112
The coexistence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is rarely observed as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcome. We presented the case of an 18-year-old female of Asian origin with severe ITP and PAH as the initial manifestation of SLE. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, sildenafil, and vinca alkaloid (vincristine). This case provided the opportunity to increase awareness of an uncommon association between SLE complicated with ITP and PAH and suggest a positive impact of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment on the patient’s outcome. The use of vincristine was considered as per the guideline on refractory ITP before referral for splenectomy.
{"title":"Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus complicated with Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210112","url":null,"abstract":"The coexistence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is rarely observed as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcome. We presented the case of an 18-year-old female of Asian origin with severe ITP and PAH as the initial manifestation of SLE. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, sildenafil, and vinca alkaloid (vincristine). This case provided the opportunity to increase awareness of an uncommon association between SLE complicated with ITP and PAH and suggest a positive impact of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment on the patient’s outcome. The use of vincristine was considered as per the guideline on refractory ITP before referral for splenectomy.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80002141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210409
There has been progressive improvement in computational drug design from last decade. Numerous computer aided compounds have been reported against neurodegenerative disorders. Wilson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in humans associated with ATP7B that encodes a transmembrane copper-transporting ATPase which induces the copper export from hepatic cells into bile and supplies copper for the functional synthesis of Ceruloplasmin. Almost, 150 mutations of ATP7B have been identified lead to cause Wilson's disease having symptoms of cancers, loss of memory and postural instability. In this research article, 3D structure of ATP7B was predicted by using comparative modelling approaches. The predicted structures were evaluated by utilizing numerous evaluation tools and 98.50% of overall quality factor was observed for the final selected structure. ATOX1 was predicted as the interacting partner of ATP7B and molecular docking analyses of ATP7B and ATOX1 were conducted by using PatchDock. The least global energy of -35.45 Kcal/mol was observed having the interacting residues in the binding pocket. The reported interacting residues may help to target the specific drug development against ATP7B. This research article can be a major initiative to predict the therapeutic drug targets against Wilson’s disease.
{"title":"Homology Modeling and Protein-Protein Molecular Docking analyses elucidate the Potential Binding Pockets of ATP7B: A Candidate Wilson’s disease","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210409","url":null,"abstract":"There has been progressive improvement in computational drug design from last decade. Numerous computer aided compounds have been reported against neurodegenerative disorders. Wilson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in humans associated with ATP7B that encodes a transmembrane copper-transporting ATPase which induces the copper export from hepatic cells into bile and supplies copper for the functional synthesis of Ceruloplasmin. Almost, 150 mutations of ATP7B have been identified lead to cause Wilson's disease having symptoms of cancers, loss of memory and postural instability. In this research article, 3D structure of ATP7B was predicted by using comparative modelling approaches. The predicted structures were evaluated by utilizing numerous evaluation tools and 98.50% of overall quality factor was observed for the final selected structure. ATOX1 was predicted as the interacting partner of ATP7B and molecular docking analyses of ATP7B and ATOX1 were conducted by using PatchDock. The least global energy of -35.45 Kcal/mol was observed having the interacting residues in the binding pocket. The reported interacting residues may help to target the specific drug development against ATP7B. This research article can be a major initiative to predict the therapeutic drug targets against Wilson’s disease.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210101
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common and severe infectious diseases in developing countries. Acinetobacter baumannii is the bacterium known as causative organism for respiratory tract infections in human populations. The Report suggests that co-infection of Acinetobacter baumannii with Mycobacterium tuberculosis together increases health complications in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) positive patients and creates fatal damage to the ailing population. In our study, 106 sputum samples of MDR-TB positive patients from Northern Punjab were studied. The isolation of A. baumannii from sputum of MDR-TB patients was done on selective media and initially screened by Oxidase and Catalase based identification followed by microscopic examination. Afterward, only ten suspected isolates of A. baumannii were again selected for further characterization for MDR by using Disc diffusion method. Antibiograms against number of antibiotics were accurately determined. Of these 10 isolates, 8 sample were found resistant to levofloxacin and subjected to molecular characterization using bla-OXA-51 primers. Only 3 out of 106 (2.83 %) isolates were confirmed as MDR strains of A. baumannii. These results show the coexistence of MDR A. bauminnii with MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. In Northern Punjab regions a higher percentage (3 cases) of MDR- TB were detected, which were co-infected with Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients. These findings may show unhygienic hospital environment or practices which leads to the co-infection.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210101","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common and severe infectious diseases in developing countries. Acinetobacter baumannii is the bacterium known as causative organism for respiratory tract infections in human populations. The Report suggests that co-infection of Acinetobacter baumannii with Mycobacterium tuberculosis together increases health complications in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) positive patients and creates fatal damage to the ailing population. In our study, 106 sputum samples of MDR-TB positive patients from Northern Punjab were studied. The isolation of A. baumannii from sputum of MDR-TB patients was done on selective media and initially screened by Oxidase and Catalase based identification followed by microscopic examination. Afterward, only ten suspected isolates of A. baumannii were again selected for further characterization for MDR by using Disc diffusion method. Antibiograms against number of antibiotics were accurately determined. Of these 10 isolates, 8 sample were found resistant to levofloxacin and subjected to molecular characterization using bla-OXA-51 primers. Only 3 out of 106 (2.83 %) isolates were confirmed as MDR strains of A. baumannii. These results show the coexistence of MDR A. bauminnii with MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. In Northern Punjab regions a higher percentage (3 cases) of MDR- TB were detected, which were co-infected with Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients. These findings may show unhygienic hospital environment or practices which leads to the co-infection.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88059750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47262/bl/7.1.20210111
Polymorphism of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA), gene-induced myocardial infarction (MI) is not well-defined in patients suffering from high blood pressure. Plasminogen activator generates the active enzyme by limited proteolysis of zymogen plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then degrades the fibrin network of a clot to form soluble product in thrombi. This action of t-PA can be suppressed by plasminogen activator inhibitor type1(PAI-1). This study determined the potential insertion/deletion of polymorphism that may contribute to the development of MI in Pakistani population. The study analyzed blood samples originating from three hundred and fifty patients with MI, two hundred and fifty healthy individuals as controls, and hundred hypertensive study subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of each individual, and a Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to study polymorphism of Tissue plasminogen Activator (t-PA) gene. The Chi-square method was used to reveal the demographic differences among the groups. Cholesterol's higher levels, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and lower HDL-cholesterol levels had been investigated in cases/patients in contrast with controls. In some cases, the input allele frequency ("I") is higher with MI (p = 0.0354). Diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, and smoking had a strong association with MI (p<0.01). No significant association between myocardial infarction and Insertion/Deletion (I/D) and Deletion/Deletion (D/D) polymorphism of t-PA gene, significant association found between Insertion/Insertion(I/I) and MI, which supports the results of previous MI studies.
{"title":"Association of Alu-repeat Polymorphism and Myocardial Infarction in Pakistani Population","authors":"","doi":"10.47262/bl/7.1.20210111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/7.1.20210111","url":null,"abstract":"Polymorphism of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA), gene-induced myocardial infarction (MI) is not well-defined in patients suffering from high blood pressure. Plasminogen activator generates the active enzyme by limited proteolysis of zymogen plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then degrades the fibrin network of a clot to form soluble product in thrombi. This action of t-PA can be suppressed by plasminogen activator inhibitor type1(PAI-1). This study determined the potential insertion/deletion of polymorphism that may contribute to the development of MI in Pakistani population. The study analyzed blood samples originating from three hundred and fifty patients with MI, two hundred and fifty healthy individuals as controls, and hundred hypertensive study subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of each individual, and a Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to study polymorphism of Tissue plasminogen Activator (t-PA) gene. The Chi-square method was used to reveal the demographic differences among the groups. Cholesterol's higher levels, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and lower HDL-cholesterol levels had been investigated in cases/patients in contrast with controls. In some cases, the input allele frequency (\"I\") is higher with MI (p = 0.0354). Diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, and smoking had a strong association with MI (p<0.01). No significant association between myocardial infarction and Insertion/Deletion (I/D) and Deletion/Deletion (D/D) polymorphism of t-PA gene, significant association found between Insertion/Insertion(I/I) and MI, which supports the results of previous MI studies.","PeriodicalId":9154,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75792730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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