Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00116
Aiman Zafar, P. Ramani, N. Anuja, H. Sherlin, Gheena, R Abhilasha, Giffrina Jayaraj, K. Don
Keratins are one of the major and key structural proteins, found at their highest concentration and diversity in the keratinocytes of cutaneous as well as oral epithelium and accounts for almost 80% of the total protein content in differentiated cells of stratified epithelia. In the 1900s, keratins were believed to be the proteins, which could be extracted from the various epidermal modifications of animals such as wool, horns, claws, etc.1,2 Subsequently, with advancement in research and advent of 21st century technologies, keratin(cytokeratins) are now considered as intermediate filament proteins with specific physicochemical properties, found in any vertebrate epithelia.2 They are part of the multi-gene family of proteins, occurring in basic and acidic protein pairs with varied expression pattern in different types of epithelia, as well as different layers of a single stratified epithelium. The main function of cytokeratins along with microtubules and microfilaments is to provide with structural integrity and mechanical resiliency to all the eukaryotic cells. The oral epithelium can be categorized into keratinized stratified epithelia (ortho and parakeratinized) and non-keratinized epithelia based on the presence or absence of keratinization. Keratinization or cornification involves the process of cytodifferentiation of the keratinocytes, starting from their post formative state, i.e., stratum basale to the final differentiated state of toughened cornified cells filled with keratin filaments found in the surface layer, i.e., stratum corneum.
{"title":"Comparison of ayoub shklar stain and routine haematoylin and eosin stain for the keratin identification in kcot–a pilot study","authors":"Aiman Zafar, P. Ramani, N. Anuja, H. Sherlin, Gheena, R Abhilasha, Giffrina Jayaraj, K. Don","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00116","url":null,"abstract":"Keratins are one of the major and key structural proteins, found at their highest concentration and diversity in the keratinocytes of cutaneous as well as oral epithelium and accounts for almost 80% of the total protein content in differentiated cells of stratified epithelia. In the 1900s, keratins were believed to be the proteins, which could be extracted from the various epidermal modifications of animals such as wool, horns, claws, etc.1,2 Subsequently, with advancement in research and advent of 21st century technologies, keratin(cytokeratins) are now considered as intermediate filament proteins with specific physicochemical properties, found in any vertebrate epithelia.2 They are part of the multi-gene family of proteins, occurring in basic and acidic protein pairs with varied expression pattern in different types of epithelia, as well as different layers of a single stratified epithelium. The main function of cytokeratins along with microtubules and microfilaments is to provide with structural integrity and mechanical resiliency to all the eukaryotic cells. The oral epithelium can be categorized into keratinized stratified epithelia (ortho and parakeratinized) and non-keratinized epithelia based on the presence or absence of keratinization. Keratinization or cornification involves the process of cytodifferentiation of the keratinocytes, starting from their post formative state, i.e., stratum basale to the final differentiated state of toughened cornified cells filled with keratin filaments found in the surface layer, i.e., stratum corneum.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72737578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00115
R. Upadhyay
Lipoproteins are biological lipid carriers play important role in transport of fats within the body.1 These are natural nanoparticles which serve as drug-delivery vehicles due to their small size, long residence time in the circulation.2 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol in plasma3 and play important role in its metabolism in normal cells as well as in cancer cells.4 Lipoproteins carry highdrug payload and are used as delivery vehicles for transportation of chemotherapeutic agents. These bear unique targeting capabilities because of their easy transportation to cancer and tumor sites. LDL loaded with r11-DOX is used to treat cancer cells. LDL follows receptor pathway is used to deliver radionucleotides for the treatment of neoplasms and tumors.5 Both liposomes and oil emulsions are also used to carry water-insoluble photosensitizers for treatment of tumors.6 Besides, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) monoclonal antibodies are also most promising delivery vehicles for anticancer drugs. For delivery of therapeutic agents liposomes bind to some antibody and loaded drug are internalized by into macrophages via the receptor-mediated pathway for modified LDL.7 More specifically, loaded drug is assimilated through receptor-mediated pathway in cancer cells and its rate is much higher than that of normal cells. For transport of drugs to new targets, lipoproteins are bound to ligands. Lipoproteins structure is modified to tag nucleic acids, photosensitizers for therapeutics. These also act as biophysical devices like contrast agents and can be loaded with drugs, LPs and phospholipids. These natural drug nanocarriers escape any interaction with immune cells and reticuloendothelial systems.8 Hence, drugs loaded on LDLs safely transported to tumor cells without loss of their activity.9 After receptor-mediated uptake of drug-lipoprotein complex escape enzyme attack.2 Lipoproteins are safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, nonimmunogenic and successfully carry diverse therapeutic molecules to the site of invasion. Lipoproteins: transport vehicles of lipids
{"title":"Lipoproteins as drug delivery vehicles for cancer and tumor therapeutics","authors":"R. Upadhyay","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00115","url":null,"abstract":"Lipoproteins are biological lipid carriers play important role in transport of fats within the body.1 These are natural nanoparticles which serve as drug-delivery vehicles due to their small size, long residence time in the circulation.2 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol in plasma3 and play important role in its metabolism in normal cells as well as in cancer cells.4 Lipoproteins carry highdrug payload and are used as delivery vehicles for transportation of chemotherapeutic agents. These bear unique targeting capabilities because of their easy transportation to cancer and tumor sites. LDL loaded with r11-DOX is used to treat cancer cells. LDL follows receptor pathway is used to deliver radionucleotides for the treatment of neoplasms and tumors.5 Both liposomes and oil emulsions are also used to carry water-insoluble photosensitizers for treatment of tumors.6 Besides, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) monoclonal antibodies are also most promising delivery vehicles for anticancer drugs. For delivery of therapeutic agents liposomes bind to some antibody and loaded drug are internalized by into macrophages via the receptor-mediated pathway for modified LDL.7 More specifically, loaded drug is assimilated through receptor-mediated pathway in cancer cells and its rate is much higher than that of normal cells. For transport of drugs to new targets, lipoproteins are bound to ligands. Lipoproteins structure is modified to tag nucleic acids, photosensitizers for therapeutics. These also act as biophysical devices like contrast agents and can be loaded with drugs, LPs and phospholipids. These natural drug nanocarriers escape any interaction with immune cells and reticuloendothelial systems.8 Hence, drugs loaded on LDLs safely transported to tumor cells without loss of their activity.9 After receptor-mediated uptake of drug-lipoprotein complex escape enzyme attack.2 Lipoproteins are safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, nonimmunogenic and successfully carry diverse therapeutic molecules to the site of invasion. Lipoproteins: transport vehicles of lipids","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72794700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-18DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00114
Thaís Vieira de Souza, A. R. Santos, S. M. Malmonge
Stem cells (SC) have great capacity for proliferation and differentiation. Some of their characteristics are self-renewal, the ability to differentiate into more than one cell line and the ability to originate functional cells in tissues derived from the same lineage.1 These important properties led several research groups to seek the use of stem cells as the main agent in the treatment of diseases, which has come to be called cell therapy. Promising results from various study groups have stimulated different centers around the world to initiate clinical trials that have investigated the feasibility of SC transplantation for the treatment of various diseases. Many interesting and other disappointing results have been reported.2
{"title":"Bioprinting and stem cells: the new frontier of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","authors":"Thaís Vieira de Souza, A. R. Santos, S. M. Malmonge","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00114","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells (SC) have great capacity for proliferation and differentiation. Some of their characteristics are self-renewal, the ability to differentiate into more than one cell line and the ability to originate functional cells in tissues derived from the same lineage.1 These important properties led several research groups to seek the use of stem cells as the main agent in the treatment of diseases, which has come to be called cell therapy. Promising results from various study groups have stimulated different centers around the world to initiate clinical trials that have investigated the feasibility of SC transplantation for the treatment of various diseases. Many interesting and other disappointing results have been reported.2","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"41 23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88762414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-09DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00113
A. Saraswat, An, Srivastava
Diabetes is a chronic lifelong disease and according to Diabetes Association of America, in 2015 itself approximately 30.3million Americans (9.4% of the population) have the disease. Unfortunately, almost one fourth (or approximately 7.2million) are unaware that they have it. An additional 84.1million people have pre-diabetes. With increasing prosperity, its prevalence has increased in almost all populations of the world and ranges from 5-15%. As it affects so big portion of the world population a long-lasting cure is urgently warranted. People with diabetes need to manage their disease in order to avoid related complications and maintain healthy social and economic interactions.
{"title":"Diabetes: stem cells offering healthy promises","authors":"A. Saraswat, An, Srivastava","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00113","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic lifelong disease and according to Diabetes Association of America, in 2015 itself approximately 30.3million Americans (9.4% of the population) have the disease. Unfortunately, almost one fourth (or approximately 7.2million) are unaware that they have it. An additional 84.1million people have pre-diabetes. With increasing prosperity, its prevalence has increased in almost all populations of the world and ranges from 5-15%. As it affects so big portion of the world population a long-lasting cure is urgently warranted. People with diabetes need to manage their disease in order to avoid related complications and maintain healthy social and economic interactions.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80318039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-19DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00112
Dhavan Sharma, Juan Chica, F. Zhao
Recent advances in the field of stem cell biology and tissue engineering have revolutionized therapeutic approaches to treat various diseases, especially chronic wounds, bone diseases, cardiovascular complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Different stem cell types have been investigated for designing appropriate therapeutic treatments. Among them, approaches involving embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ethically and socially controversial. In addition, these stem cell types, due to their high pluripotency, contain risks of teratoma formation.1,2 In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their straightforward and less invasive isolation procedure as well as their multi-differentiation potential. MSCs can differentiate into various cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle like cells, endothelial like cells and cardiomyocyte like cells. Moreover, being immunoprivileged, allogenic MSCs encounter minimal risk of immune rejection. They also secrete various trophic factors, which can promote cell survival and tissue regeneration.3,4 These promising capabilities have made MSCs potential candidate for construction of various tissue-engineered products. Nevertheless, engineered tissues with a thickness larger than 150μm require a functional micro vascular network to supply gases, nutrients, metabolic byproducts, and integrate with host vasculature after implantation.5 In the physiological capillary structure, endothelial cells (ECs) surround the vessel lumen. These ECs are themselves wrapped by pericytes, which stabilize the capillary structure.6 Numerous studies have confirmed that MSCs can function as pericytes.7,8 Consequently, in order to develop a capillary network in tissue scaffolds various research groups over past several years have investigated the outcome of MSC-EC co-cultures.9‒12 Compared with other pericyte candidates, MSCs are expected to play dual roles: stabilizing engineered micro vessels and performing their stem cell functions after implantation. In this mini review, we discuss important considerations for successful MSC-EC co-cultures to achieve a robust vascular network. These considerations include an appropriate cell source, cell-seeding order, optimum oxygen (O2) levels, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue scaffold features (Figure 1). Figure 1 Considerations for MSC-EC co-culture for development of prevascularized engineered tissues. (A) Various sources from which MSCs can be isolated, (B) MSCs can be cultured on preformed vascular networks formed by ECs. In contrast, ECs cultured on MSC sheet forms better vascular networks, (C) MSCs maintain stemness and increase angiogenic growth factor secretion in a hypoxic environment. Whereas, ECs prefer normoxic environment for cell survival, proliferation and development of vascular networks, (D) Various natural and synthetic materials support MSC-EC co-culture.
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells for pre-vascularization of engineered tissues","authors":"Dhavan Sharma, Juan Chica, F. Zhao","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00112","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the field of stem cell biology and tissue engineering have revolutionized therapeutic approaches to treat various diseases, especially chronic wounds, bone diseases, cardiovascular complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Different stem cell types have been investigated for designing appropriate therapeutic treatments. Among them, approaches involving embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ethically and socially controversial. In addition, these stem cell types, due to their high pluripotency, contain risks of teratoma formation.1,2 In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their straightforward and less invasive isolation procedure as well as their multi-differentiation potential. MSCs can differentiate into various cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle like cells, endothelial like cells and cardiomyocyte like cells. Moreover, being immunoprivileged, allogenic MSCs encounter minimal risk of immune rejection. They also secrete various trophic factors, which can promote cell survival and tissue regeneration.3,4 These promising capabilities have made MSCs potential candidate for construction of various tissue-engineered products. Nevertheless, engineered tissues with a thickness larger than 150μm require a functional micro vascular network to supply gases, nutrients, metabolic byproducts, and integrate with host vasculature after implantation.5 In the physiological capillary structure, endothelial cells (ECs) surround the vessel lumen. These ECs are themselves wrapped by pericytes, which stabilize the capillary structure.6 Numerous studies have confirmed that MSCs can function as pericytes.7,8 Consequently, in order to develop a capillary network in tissue scaffolds various research groups over past several years have investigated the outcome of MSC-EC co-cultures.9‒12 Compared with other pericyte candidates, MSCs are expected to play dual roles: stabilizing engineered micro vessels and performing their stem cell functions after implantation. In this mini review, we discuss important considerations for successful MSC-EC co-cultures to achieve a robust vascular network. These considerations include an appropriate cell source, cell-seeding order, optimum oxygen (O2) levels, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue scaffold features (Figure 1). Figure 1 Considerations for MSC-EC co-culture for development of prevascularized engineered tissues. (A) Various sources from which MSCs can be isolated, (B) MSCs can be cultured on preformed vascular networks formed by ECs. In contrast, ECs cultured on MSC sheet forms better vascular networks, (C) MSCs maintain stemness and increase angiogenic growth factor secretion in a hypoxic environment. Whereas, ECs prefer normoxic environment for cell survival, proliferation and development of vascular networks, (D) Various natural and synthetic materials support MSC-EC co-culture.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"87 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91306449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00111
J. Wille, Jong Y. Park
Pleiotropic effects of retinoids on cell growth signal transduction and receptor-mediated gene regulation are well documented.1,2 The use of chemically-defined serum free medium (SFM) has identified two protein growth factors, EGF and insulin, that are required for normal human keratinocytes (NHK) proliferation in low calcium (<1mM) SFM medium.3,4 The role of retinoids in regulating proliferation of normal human keratinocytes is less well-understood. For example, all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) stimulates proliferation in essential fatty acid-supplemented keratinocytes.5 Retinoic acid (t-RA, 10-7M) treatment inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells adapted to serumfree DME/Hams F12 medium, while retinol (ROL, 10-7M) did not, but overall growth in this SFM was much curtailed.6 By contrast, a panel of retinoids including t-RA, ROL, 13-cis RA, all inhibited the clonal growth of NHK in SFM supplemented with EGF and insulin in rapidly proliferating NHK.7 The strength of inhibition was linearly correlated with their ability to suppress both ornithine decarboxylase enzyme induction by tumor promoter and papilloma formation in the mouse skin model of tumorigenesis. 7 By contrast, t-RA stimulates growth-arrested adult keratinocytes in protein growth factor-deficient SFM.8 These conflicting effects appear to involve differing growth media conditions. Verani et al.9 also reported that induced alterations in membrane intracellular calcium ion fluctuations appear to underlie retinoid growth stimulation.9 Retinoid stimulation of growth-arrested NHK was also found to involve autocrine production of a heparinbonding EGF (hb-EGF), and activation of erbB receptors10 present on suprabasal cells. Moreover, autocrine stimulation via these signaling pathways appears to underlie retinoid-induced epidermal hyperplasia.10 Recently, t-RA was reported to inhibit the expression of the erbB (c-neu) receptor and other proto-oncogenes in several different epidermoid carcinoma cell lines.11 In addition, t-RA reverses the super-induction by alcohol of aryl hydrocarbon hydrylase induced by benzo(α) pyrene in SFM culture of NHK.12 Retinoids also have profound effects on epidermal keratinocyte differentiation in many different tumor cells lines.13 Retinyl acetate (RetAc) is a naturally occurring fatty acid ester of retinol, and is less toxic than t-RA. It is stored in human liver and is involved to metabolic conversion to vitamin A (retinol). Here, we explore the effect of RetAc on the clonal growth of NHK and HaCaT cells treated with different combinations of EGF and insulin. We established that serum can be dispensed with by culturing HaCaT keratinocytes in SFM supplemented with EGF and insulin. This allowed us to conduct detailed clonal assay to determine their minimal growth factor requirements. Clonal growth assay studies also examined the effect of RetAc. Unlike t-RA,7 we report that RetAc stimulates HaCaT clonal growth at physiological levels. We further explored the underlying
{"title":"Retinyl acetate mediates autocrine proliferation and wound healing of keratinocytes through a c-neu (erbB-2)-like receptor","authors":"J. Wille, Jong Y. Park","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00111","url":null,"abstract":"Pleiotropic effects of retinoids on cell growth signal transduction and receptor-mediated gene regulation are well documented.1,2 The use of chemically-defined serum free medium (SFM) has identified two protein growth factors, EGF and insulin, that are required for normal human keratinocytes (NHK) proliferation in low calcium (<1mM) SFM medium.3,4 The role of retinoids in regulating proliferation of normal human keratinocytes is less well-understood. For example, all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) stimulates proliferation in essential fatty acid-supplemented keratinocytes.5 Retinoic acid (t-RA, 10-7M) treatment inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells adapted to serumfree DME/Hams F12 medium, while retinol (ROL, 10-7M) did not, but overall growth in this SFM was much curtailed.6 By contrast, a panel of retinoids including t-RA, ROL, 13-cis RA, all inhibited the clonal growth of NHK in SFM supplemented with EGF and insulin in rapidly proliferating NHK.7 The strength of inhibition was linearly correlated with their ability to suppress both ornithine decarboxylase enzyme induction by tumor promoter and papilloma formation in the mouse skin model of tumorigenesis. 7 By contrast, t-RA stimulates growth-arrested adult keratinocytes in protein growth factor-deficient SFM.8 These conflicting effects appear to involve differing growth media conditions. Verani et al.9 also reported that induced alterations in membrane intracellular calcium ion fluctuations appear to underlie retinoid growth stimulation.9 Retinoid stimulation of growth-arrested NHK was also found to involve autocrine production of a heparinbonding EGF (hb-EGF), and activation of erbB receptors10 present on suprabasal cells. Moreover, autocrine stimulation via these signaling pathways appears to underlie retinoid-induced epidermal hyperplasia.10 Recently, t-RA was reported to inhibit the expression of the erbB (c-neu) receptor and other proto-oncogenes in several different epidermoid carcinoma cell lines.11 In addition, t-RA reverses the super-induction by alcohol of aryl hydrocarbon hydrylase induced by benzo(α) pyrene in SFM culture of NHK.12 Retinoids also have profound effects on epidermal keratinocyte differentiation in many different tumor cells lines.13 Retinyl acetate (RetAc) is a naturally occurring fatty acid ester of retinol, and is less toxic than t-RA. It is stored in human liver and is involved to metabolic conversion to vitamin A (retinol). Here, we explore the effect of RetAc on the clonal growth of NHK and HaCaT cells treated with different combinations of EGF and insulin. We established that serum can be dispensed with by culturing HaCaT keratinocytes in SFM supplemented with EGF and insulin. This allowed us to conduct detailed clonal assay to determine their minimal growth factor requirements. Clonal growth assay studies also examined the effect of RetAc. Unlike t-RA,7 we report that RetAc stimulates HaCaT clonal growth at physiological levels. We further explored the underlying","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82672480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-05DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00110
Zaki Antonio Taissoun-Aslan, L. H. Montalvo, J. D. Chávez, D. C. León, A. Gómez-Pedraza, M. L. Serrano-Arévalo, Andrea Moreno-Tobon, Mateo Mejía Saldarriaga
{"title":"Determination of her2 overexpression in patients with osteosarcoma","authors":"Zaki Antonio Taissoun-Aslan, L. H. Montalvo, J. D. Chávez, D. C. León, A. Gómez-Pedraza, M. L. Serrano-Arévalo, Andrea Moreno-Tobon, Mateo Mejía Saldarriaga","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00110","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations: CEP 17, chromosome enumeration probe 17; DAB, diaminobenzidine; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; her2/neu, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HR, hormone receptors; IHC, immunohistochemistry; OS, osteosarcoma; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PD-l1, tumor programed cell death ligand 1","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-14DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00109
B. Rajput, R. Kulkarni, A. Bopardikar, Pradeep Somalapur, Raghwendra Kumar
Osteoarthritis (OA) Knee is the most common disease of the joints and a leading cause of chronic disability, especially in the aged population.1 The pathogenesis of OA knee has been linked to biomechanical and biochemical changes in joint cartilage, e.g. inability to withstand normal mechanical stresses, limited nutrients and oxygen supply, inadequate synthesis of extracellular matrix components, increased synthesis of proteinases and overall apoptosis of chondrocytes.2–5 Synovial inflammation is a response of synovial macrophages to cartilage debris and catabolic mediators entering the synovial cavity which limits the cartilage repair.6
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of role of autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear stem cells in the management of degenerative arthritis of knee","authors":"B. Rajput, R. Kulkarni, A. Bopardikar, Pradeep Somalapur, Raghwendra Kumar","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00109","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) Knee is the most common disease of the joints and a leading cause of chronic disability, especially in the aged population.1 The pathogenesis of OA knee has been linked to biomechanical and biochemical changes in joint cartilage, e.g. inability to withstand normal mechanical stresses, limited nutrients and oxygen supply, inadequate synthesis of extracellular matrix components, increased synthesis of proteinases and overall apoptosis of chondrocytes.2–5 Synovial inflammation is a response of synovial macrophages to cartilage debris and catabolic mediators entering the synovial cavity which limits the cartilage repair.6","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79419296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00108
A. Hill, J. M. Garcia
Stem cell therapy and biology have displayed increasingly concrete potential resolutions to a diversity of obstacles in the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases over the past decade. Encouraging results continue to be generated, further increasing the amount of interest in the field and the number of studies performed, giving hope to patients with, until now, incurable chronic and degenerative diseases with few new ideas on the horizon.
{"title":"Embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells: An examination of the rapidly narrowing gap between their proven abilities","authors":"A. Hill, J. M. Garcia","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00108","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell therapy and biology have displayed increasingly concrete potential resolutions to a diversity of obstacles in the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases over the past decade. Encouraging results continue to be generated, further increasing the amount of interest in the field and the number of studies performed, giving hope to patients with, until now, incurable chronic and degenerative diseases with few new ideas on the horizon.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"2676 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86435894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-27DOI: 10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00107
Bs Rajput, Rani James, S. Kudari
{"title":"Efficacy of umbilical cord tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells in the management of advanced rheumatoid polyarthritis","authors":"Bs Rajput, Rani James, S. Kudari","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2018.04.00107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76745276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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