The genus Trigonella (Fabaceae) has been widely used for both culinary and clinical purposes since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Trigonella cariensis seeds for the first time. The seeds were collected in the province of Mersin, Turkey. Chemical analyses were performed using chromatographic methods. Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol analyses were done on hexane extracts and amino acid and mineral analyses were also carried out on the seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Al(NO3)3 methods and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated via different chemical assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazily (DPPH?), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC) and 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonate (ABTS?+) on its 80% methanolic extract. The seeds were shown to contain mainly linoleic, ?-linolenic and oleic acids (43.74?0.24%, 18.38?0.45%, and 10.89?0.71%, respectively). The seeds showed high ?-tocopherol content (233.54?2.48 mg/100 g). The main sterols were ?-sitosterol, delta-5-avenasterol and campesterol. Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg were the predominant minerals, while glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine (5801?0.15, 3629?0.12 and 2062?0.03 mg/100 g, respectively) were determined as the major amino acids in the seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 3.34?0.02 mg GAE/g seed and 0.96?0.09 mg QE/g seed, respectively. The results of the ABTS?+, DPPH? and CUPRAC methods were 43.22?3.14%, 31.15?1.79% and 9.67?0.78 mM AAE/g, respectively. In conclusion, T. cariensis seeds provide nutritional value with a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, ?-tocopherol, ?-sitosterol, some amino acids and minerals and medicinal properties with total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Trigonella cariensis seeds","authors":"Gungor Uras, G. Kokdil","doi":"10.2298/botserb2202209u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202209u","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Trigonella (Fabaceae) has been widely used for both culinary and clinical purposes since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Trigonella cariensis seeds for the first time. The seeds were collected in the province of Mersin, Turkey. Chemical analyses were performed using chromatographic methods. Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol analyses were done on hexane extracts and amino acid and mineral analyses were also carried out on the seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Al(NO3)3 methods and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated via different chemical assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazily (DPPH?), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC) and 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonate (ABTS?+) on its 80% methanolic extract. The seeds were shown to contain mainly linoleic, ?-linolenic and oleic acids (43.74?0.24%, 18.38?0.45%, and 10.89?0.71%, respectively). The seeds showed high ?-tocopherol content (233.54?2.48 mg/100 g). The main sterols were ?-sitosterol, delta-5-avenasterol and campesterol. Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg were the predominant minerals, while glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine (5801?0.15, 3629?0.12 and 2062?0.03 mg/100 g, respectively) were determined as the major amino acids in the seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 3.34?0.02 mg GAE/g seed and 0.96?0.09 mg QE/g seed, respectively. The results of the ABTS?+, DPPH? and CUPRAC methods were 43.22?3.14%, 31.15?1.79% and 9.67?0.78 mM AAE/g, respectively. In conclusion, T. cariensis seeds provide nutritional value with a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, ?-tocopherol, ?-sitosterol, some amino acids and minerals and medicinal properties with total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74196865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Tomović, M. Sabovljević, T. Denchev, C. Denchev, M. Niketić, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, Elvedin Šabanović, V. Djordjević, L. Kutnar, S. Ștefănuț, J. Pantović, S. Grdović, N. Kuzmanović, E. Masic, P. Lazarević
This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom alga Stauroneis neofossilis, parasitic fungus Anthracoidea arenariae, horsetail Equisetum hyemale, liverwort Harpanthus flotovianus, mosses Fissidens exilis and Rhizomnium punctatum, monocots Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis, Himantoglossum calcaratum subsp. rumelicum and Schoenus nigricans and dicots Calluna vulgaris, Mahonia aquifolium and Willemetia stipitata subsp. albanica.
{"title":"New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 4","authors":"G. Tomović, M. Sabovljević, T. Denchev, C. Denchev, M. Niketić, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, Elvedin Šabanović, V. Djordjević, L. Kutnar, S. Ștefănuț, J. Pantović, S. Grdović, N. Kuzmanović, E. Masic, P. Lazarević","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101129T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101129T","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom alga Stauroneis neofossilis, parasitic fungus Anthracoidea arenariae, horsetail Equisetum hyemale, liverwort Harpanthus flotovianus, mosses Fissidens exilis and Rhizomnium punctatum, monocots Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis, Himantoglossum calcaratum subsp. rumelicum and Schoenus nigricans and dicots Calluna vulgaris, Mahonia aquifolium and Willemetia stipitata subsp. albanica.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78486650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clathrus archeri is a saprophytic fungus native to the southern hemisphere which was introduced in Europe in the early twentieth century. Although it is naturalized in most regions of Central Europe, in Romania it is considered rather a rare species because it has been identified in only a few localities. Because of the rapid expansion of its range throughout Europe some authors assign this species an invasive potential. The objective of the paper was to identify both the potential distribution area and the potential suitable habitats for expansion in Romania and to highlight the environmental variables driving the probability of its occurrence. The maximum entropy model approach implemented in Maxent was used to model the species? potential distribution. The results highlighted altitude, snow cover length, the mean temperature of the driest quarter, and precipitation in the coldest quarter as the most important predictors of species? potential distribution in Romania. The map of the predicted distribution showed that the highest probability of occurrence for this species is in the mountainous and adjacent areas, while the map of habitat suitability confirmed that the best environmental conditions are in the Carpathians, while the most unfavourable are in the south-eastern regions of the country.
{"title":"Modelling the potential distribution and habitat suitability of the alien fungus Clathrus archeri in Romania","authors":"C. Bîrsan, C. Mardari, Ovidiu Copoț, C. Tănase","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102241b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102241b","url":null,"abstract":"Clathrus archeri is a saprophytic fungus native to the southern hemisphere which was introduced in Europe in the early twentieth century. Although it is naturalized in most regions of Central Europe, in Romania it is considered rather a rare species because it has been identified in only a few localities. Because of the rapid expansion of its range throughout Europe some authors assign this species an invasive potential. The objective of the paper was to identify both the potential distribution area and the potential suitable habitats for expansion in Romania and to highlight the environmental variables driving the probability of its occurrence. The maximum entropy model approach implemented in Maxent was used to model the species? potential distribution. The results highlighted altitude, snow cover length, the mean temperature of the driest quarter, and precipitation in the coldest quarter as the most important predictors of species? potential distribution in Romania. The map of the predicted distribution showed that the highest probability of occurrence for this species is in the mountainous and adjacent areas, while the map of habitat suitability confirmed that the best environmental conditions are in the Carpathians, while the most unfavourable are in the south-eastern regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77370908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phytochemical contents of Salvia virgata mericarps and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of its ethanol extract were studied for the first time. S. virgata mericarps were collected in the province of Trabzon, Turkey. Chemical analyses were performed using chromatographic methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu, Al(NO3)3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method for all the tested bacterial and fungal strains, with the exception of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for which the resazurin microtiter plate method was applied. The mericarps were rich in glutamic acid (3934 mg/100 g), potassium (12578.8 ?g/g), calcium (12092.0 ?g/g), and dietary fibers (35.565 g/100 g). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 2.50 ?g GAE/mg extract and 0.34 ?g QE/mg extract, respectively. The most effective DPPH free radical scavenging activity determined for the highest applied concentration was 92.44%. The ethanol extract obtained from the mericarps was found to be as effective as the reference drug ampicillin (MIC value = 125 ?g/mL) against the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. In conclusion, S. virgata mericarps provide good nutritional value with low amounts of carbohydrates and high dietary fibers, amino acids, minerals and total phenolic and flavonoid contents and medicinal properties.
首次研究了分角鼠尾草的植物化学成分及其乙醇提取物的抗氧化和抑菌活性。在土耳其的特拉布宗省采集了维加塔美卡普。采用色谱法进行化学分析。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法、Al(NO3)3法和DPPH自由基清除法分别测定其总酚和类黄酮含量及抗氧化能力。采用微量稀释法对所有被试细菌和真菌菌株进行抑菌活性评估，但结核分枝杆菌采用瑞祖林微滴板法。分果富含谷氨酸(3934 mg/100 g)、钾(12578.8 g/g)、钙(12092.0 g/g)和膳食纤维(35.565 g/100 g)，总酚和类黄酮含量分别为2.50 g GAE/mg和0.34 g QE/mg。在最高浓度下，对DPPH自由基的清除能力为92.44%。结果表明，该提取物与参比药氨苄西林(MIC值为125 μ g/mL)对院内病原菌鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果相当。综上所述，分角荆芥碳水化合物含量低，膳食纤维、氨基酸、矿物质、总酚和类黄酮含量高，具有良好的营养价值和药用价值。
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia virgata mericarps","authors":"Kara Guzel, M. Ulger, A. Kahraman","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102223g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102223g","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical contents of Salvia virgata mericarps and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of its ethanol extract were studied for the first time. S. virgata mericarps were collected in the province of Trabzon, Turkey. Chemical analyses were performed using chromatographic methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu, Al(NO3)3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method for all the tested bacterial and fungal strains, with the exception of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for which the resazurin microtiter plate method was applied. The mericarps were rich in glutamic acid (3934 mg/100 g), potassium (12578.8 ?g/g), calcium (12092.0 ?g/g), and dietary fibers (35.565 g/100 g). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 2.50 ?g GAE/mg extract and 0.34 ?g QE/mg extract, respectively. The most effective DPPH free radical scavenging activity determined for the highest applied concentration was 92.44%. The ethanol extract obtained from the mericarps was found to be as effective as the reference drug ampicillin (MIC value = 125 ?g/mL) against the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. In conclusion, S. virgata mericarps provide good nutritional value with low amounts of carbohydrates and high dietary fibers, amino acids, minerals and total phenolic and flavonoid contents and medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87200264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tripleurospermum heterolepis (? Chamaemelum heterolepis), whose specimens are referred to as syntypes, is a narrow Turkish endemic species assessed as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN categories. Tripleurospermum tempskyanum (? Chamaemelum tempskyanum) is known as endemic to Greece, but is also distributed in Turkey. In this study, the name C. heterolepis is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LD. Additionally, a description of T. tempskyanum in the Turkish flora is presented, and its conservation status is indicated. The diagnostic morphological characters which distinguish T. tempskyanum from its close relatives are discussed.
{"title":"Lectotypification of the name Chamaemelum heterolepis, the basionym of Tripleurospermum heterolepis and taxonomic notes on T. tempskyanum (Asteraceae)","authors":"H. Inceer","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102347i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102347i","url":null,"abstract":"Tripleurospermum heterolepis (? Chamaemelum heterolepis), whose specimens are referred to as syntypes, is a narrow Turkish endemic species assessed as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN categories. Tripleurospermum tempskyanum (? Chamaemelum tempskyanum) is known as endemic to Greece, but is also distributed in Turkey. In this study, the name C. heterolepis is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LD. Additionally, a description of T. tempskyanum in the Turkish flora is presented, and its conservation status is indicated. The diagnostic morphological characters which distinguish T. tempskyanum from its close relatives are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85989293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A revision of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine is provided. As a result, 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. are reported from Ukraine. Among them, Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii on Verrucaria cf. nigrescens is described as new to science and Lichenopeltella coppinsii on V. muralis, Stigmidium marinum on V. mucosa as well as S. rivulorum on V. dolosa, are newly reported to Ukraine. Ten species are reported from xerotic terrestrial habitats mainly from Southern Ukraine. Only Stigmidium marinum and S. rivulorum were found in a marine and freshwater habitat respectively. Toninia subfuscae should be removed from the Ukrainian list of lichenicolous fungi due to misidentification. Didymosphaeria geminella is considered as a new synonym for Polycoccum dzieduszyckii. A worldwide key for lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. is provided.
{"title":"Lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine with the description of Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii sp. nov. and a key to the lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat.","authors":"V. Darmostuk","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102293d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102293d","url":null,"abstract":"A revision of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine is provided. As a result, 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. are reported from Ukraine. Among them, Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii on Verrucaria cf. nigrescens is described as new to science and Lichenopeltella coppinsii on V. muralis, Stigmidium marinum on V. mucosa as well as S. rivulorum on V. dolosa, are newly reported to Ukraine. Ten species are reported from xerotic terrestrial habitats mainly from Southern Ukraine. Only Stigmidium marinum and S. rivulorum were found in a marine and freshwater habitat respectively. Toninia subfuscae should be removed from the Ukrainian list of lichenicolous fungi due to misidentification. Didymosphaeria geminella is considered as a new synonym for Polycoccum dzieduszyckii. A worldwide key for lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. is provided.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86504345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Trigas, E. Kalpoutzakis, Epaminondas Kalogiannis, A. Valli, K. Kougioumoutzis, Konstantinos Katopodis, T. Constantinidis
This contribution to the Greek flora includes distribution extensions and taxonomic notes for some noteworthy plant taxa. New records for certain phytogeographical regions of Greece are presented for: Arum cylindraceum, Convolvulus pentapetaloides. Cruciata taurica, Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis, Ilex aquifolium, Linum decumbens, Lythrum thymifolia, Sedum praesidis, Silene congesta and Trifolium diffusum. Allium karistanum, Helichrysum amorginum, Limonium antipaxorum and L. cephalonicum have been recorded for the first time on some islands. New populations of Allium maniaticum and A. ritsii, previously known only from their loci classici, were discovered in the Peloponnese. Valeriana alliariifolia, Silene auriculata subsp. auriculata and Symphytum creticum were rediscovered in central Evvia, confirming long-lost historical records from previous centuries. The presence of V. alliariifolia in Greece and Europe is confirmed for the first time since the 19th century.
{"title":"Noteworthy new floristic records from Greece","authors":"P. Trigas, E. Kalpoutzakis, Epaminondas Kalogiannis, A. Valli, K. Kougioumoutzis, Konstantinos Katopodis, T. Constantinidis","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102321t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102321t","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution to the Greek flora includes distribution extensions and taxonomic notes for some noteworthy plant taxa. New records for certain phytogeographical regions of Greece are presented for: Arum cylindraceum, Convolvulus pentapetaloides. Cruciata taurica, Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis, Ilex aquifolium, Linum decumbens, Lythrum thymifolia, Sedum praesidis, Silene congesta and Trifolium diffusum. Allium karistanum, Helichrysum amorginum, Limonium antipaxorum and L. cephalonicum have been recorded for the first time on some islands. New populations of Allium maniaticum and A. ritsii, previously known only from their loci classici, were discovered in the Peloponnese. Valeriana alliariifolia, Silene auriculata subsp. auriculata and Symphytum creticum were rediscovered in central Evvia, confirming long-lost historical records from previous centuries. The presence of V. alliariifolia in Greece and Europe is confirmed for the first time since the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73789048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jovanovic, D. Lakušić, B. Lakušić, B. Zlatković
Several related yellow-flowered houseleek species which occur on the Balkan Peninsula are divided into two complexes: Sempervivum ciliosum (S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes, and S. galicicum) and the S. ruthenicum complex (S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri, and S. zeleborii). Due to strong phenotypic plasticity and a limited number of studies, it is difficult to assert at this point whether all the above species are well defined in the taxonomic sense. Detailed studies of the epidermal structures have not been conducted for any of the species in either complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of variability of the epidermal structures together with their potential usefulness for the taxonomic characterization of the species studied. A total of 18 quantitative characters of the epidermal structures of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the rosette leaves were analysed within 16 populations. In all species, the epidermal cells are polygonal or irregularly shaped, with straight or sinuous anticlinal walls, while the rosette leaves are amphistomatic with anisocytic stomata. Simple biseriate multicellular glandular trichomes were found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces and the margins of the rosette leaves. The results of the descriptive statistics, univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (CDA, AHC) showed low to high variability in the epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. The multivariate analysis showed diversification among the complexes and species. The length of the marginal and apical trichomes of the rosette leaves contributed most to diversification.
出现在巴尔干半岛的几种相关的黄花家蚕分为两个复合体:长毛蕨(S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes和S. galicicum)和S. ruthenicum复合体(S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri和S. zeleborii)。由于表型可塑性强，研究数量有限，目前还难以断言上述所有物种在分类学意义上是否都得到了很好的定义。对这两种植物的表皮结构还没有进行详细的研究。本研究的目的是探讨表皮结构的变异程度及其对所研究物种的分类特征的潜在用途。对16个群体的莲座叶正面和背面表皮结构的18个数量性状进行了分析。所有种表皮细胞呈多角形或不规则形，背斜壁呈直状或弯曲状，莲座叶为两口形，有各细胞形气孔。在莲座叶的正面、背面和边缘有简单的双棱多细胞腺毛。描述性统计、单变量(ANOVA)和多变量统计分析(CDA、AHC)的结果显示，表皮细胞、保护细胞和毛状体的变异程度从低到高。多变量分析表明，复合体和物种之间存在多样性。莲座叶的边缘毛状体和顶端毛状体的长度对多样性贡献最大。
{"title":"Diversification of yellow-flowered Sempervivum (crassulaceae) species from the Balkan Peninsula: Evidence from the morphometric study of the epidermal structures of rosette leaves","authors":"M. Jovanovic, D. Lakušić, B. Lakušić, B. Zlatković","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102163j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102163j","url":null,"abstract":"Several related yellow-flowered houseleek species which occur on the Balkan Peninsula are divided into two complexes: Sempervivum ciliosum (S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes, and S. galicicum) and the S. ruthenicum complex (S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri, and S. zeleborii). Due to strong phenotypic plasticity and a limited number of studies, it is difficult to assert at this point whether all the above species are well defined in the taxonomic sense. Detailed studies of the epidermal structures have not been conducted for any of the species in either complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of variability of the epidermal structures together with their potential usefulness for the taxonomic characterization of the species studied. A total of 18 quantitative characters of the epidermal structures of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the rosette leaves were analysed within 16 populations. In all species, the epidermal cells are polygonal or irregularly shaped, with straight or sinuous anticlinal walls, while the rosette leaves are amphistomatic with anisocytic stomata. Simple biseriate multicellular glandular trichomes were found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces and the margins of the rosette leaves. The results of the descriptive statistics, univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (CDA, AHC) showed low to high variability in the epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. The multivariate analysis showed diversification among the complexes and species. The length of the marginal and apical trichomes of the rosette leaves contributed most to diversification.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77483117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Stankovic, S. Jankovic, I. Lang, M. Vujičić, M. Sabovljević, A. Sabovljevic
Bryophytes are widely used in monitoring environmental changes and various types of pollution. Features such as longevity and direct intake by the whole body make them very good models for bioindication. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge on the coping, resistance and tolerance mechanisms to toxic elements within representatives of this second largest group of terrestrial plants. We tested two different growth form mosses, acrocarpous Atrichum undulatum and pleurocarpous Hypnum cupressiforme in axenic in vitro fully controlled laboratory conditions, thus eliminating additional side, antagonistic or synergistic effects. These mosses were exposed to three concentrations (including control) of zinc-, copper- or cadmium-acetate for a short and long period, and their growth, development and biochemical parameters were recorded. The results showed that reactions to stress are both species and metal-specific. Also, the short and long-term exposure times and the level of toxic elements played a role in species response and showed the differences between the two moss growth forms and species. Among the investigated parameters considered in the two mosses tested, the multiplication index proved to be the most useful and sensitive in detecting the metal pollution effects. On the other hand, the concentration of chl a seemed to vary over a rather small range between the stressed moss species. Overall, copper was shown to be quite toxic compared to the other two metals at lower applied concentration. However, the studied mosses demonstrated decreased viability according to all of the parameters tested in the media enriched with high concentrations of cadmium when compared with copper and zinc. These results suggest that species studies related to different metals/pollutants in small scale controlled conditions are urgently needed before application in broad areas monitored by mosses.
{"title":"The toxic metal stress in two mosses of different growth forms under axenic and controlled conditions","authors":"J. Stankovic, S. Jankovic, I. Lang, M. Vujičić, M. Sabovljević, A. Sabovljevic","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101031S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101031S","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophytes are widely used in monitoring environmental changes and various types of pollution. Features such as longevity and direct intake by the whole body make them very good models for bioindication. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge on the coping, resistance and tolerance mechanisms to toxic elements within representatives of this second largest group of terrestrial plants. We tested two different growth form mosses, acrocarpous Atrichum undulatum and pleurocarpous Hypnum cupressiforme in axenic in vitro fully controlled laboratory conditions, thus eliminating additional side, antagonistic or synergistic effects. These mosses were exposed to three concentrations (including control) of zinc-, copper- or cadmium-acetate for a short and long period, and their growth, development and biochemical parameters were recorded. The results showed that reactions to stress are both species and metal-specific. Also, the short and long-term exposure times and the level of toxic elements played a role in species response and showed the differences between the two moss growth forms and species. Among the investigated parameters considered in the two mosses tested, the multiplication index proved to be the most useful and sensitive in detecting the metal pollution effects. On the other hand, the concentration of chl a seemed to vary over a rather small range between the stressed moss species. Overall, copper was shown to be quite toxic compared to the other two metals at lower applied concentration. However, the studied mosses demonstrated decreased viability according to all of the parameters tested in the media enriched with high concentrations of cadmium when compared with copper and zinc. These results suggest that species studies related to different metals/pollutants in small scale controlled conditions are urgently needed before application in broad areas monitored by mosses.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77165355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.
盐度对植物产生有害的形态、生理和代谢影响。本研究旨在评价水杨酸(SA 0、0.75和1.5 mM)和氯化钙(CaCl2 0、50和100 mM)单独或联合处理对盐胁迫(0、25和75 mM NaCl)下鹰嘴豆不同形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明，在NaCl存在下，单独添加SA或Ca均能改善植株的行为。盐胁迫下，茎长和根长、干重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素均降低，丙二醛(MDA)、DPPH自由基、花青素和脯氨酸的抑制作用增强。然而，SA和Ca联合施用增加了植株的茎长、根长和干重，改善了叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和还原糖的含量，显著降低了MDA和DPPH自由基的抑制作用。这些研究表明，SA和Ca引起了对NaCl的耐受性，这可能与调控抗氧化反应有关。由此可见，1.5 mM水杨酸浓度和100 mM钙浓度是改善鹰嘴豆盐度条件下生理参数的最适宜浓度。因此，通过调节抗氧化系统，SA和Ca发挥了这一作用。
{"title":"The effect of salicylic acid and calcium chloride on lipid peroxidation and the scavenging ability on radical of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress","authors":"K. Mahdavian","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102185m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102185m","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73484233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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