The paper presents data on the distribution and spread of the alien vascular plant species Geranium sibiricum in Slovakia. Greater attention should be given to the existing data on its chorology and habitat preferences in the country. Some pertinent records are dispersed in various local literature sources and herbaria. In Slovakia, this alien species was recorded for the first time in 1924, but the significant increase in localities started after 1980. G. sibiricum has been found in 67 localities scattered irregularly throughout the Pannonian and Carpathian phytogeographical regions. It has been noted in a wide range of anthropogenic habitats at low to middle elevations. Recently, it has spread mainly in urban areas in eastern Slovakia and along railway tracks in northern and western Slovakia.
{"title":"The distribution of alien species Geranium sibiricum in Slovakia","authors":"Matej Dudás, Jana Májeková, Michal Slezák","doi":"10.2298/botserb2302251d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2302251d","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents data on the distribution and spread of the alien vascular plant species Geranium sibiricum in Slovakia. Greater attention should be given to the existing data on its chorology and habitat preferences in the country. Some pertinent records are dispersed in various local literature sources and herbaria. In Slovakia, this alien species was recorded for the first time in 1924, but the significant increase in localities started after 1980. G. sibiricum has been found in 67 localities scattered irregularly throughout the Pannonian and Carpathian phytogeographical regions. It has been noted in a wide range of anthropogenic habitats at low to middle elevations. Recently, it has spread mainly in urban areas in eastern Slovakia and along railway tracks in northern and western Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proteome analysis of winter crops during cold acclimation and overwintering can provide important information for designing breeding processes. The current experiment was carried out to investigate the proteome changes in frost-tolerant winter wheat (cv. Norstar) during different cold acclimation (CA) periods under field conditions in a cold and high-altitude region by two-dimensional gel-based proteomic techniques. The results showed that frost tolerance significantly increased by CA and the lethal freezing temperatures (LT50) 10, 14, and 18 weeks after seed sowing were -28?C, -22?C, and -10?C, respectively. By the beginning of the reproductive stage (double ridge stage), the LT50 values had decreased significantly. Around 1000 protein spots were distinguished by Coomassie staining on the gels. The changes in the proteins during the CA often occurred in those with a functional role in photosynthesis, energy production (glycolysis), transcription, chaperone-like activities, membrane and cytoskeleton reorganisation, transport, redox adjustments, and signalling. The results revealed that changes in chloroplast proteins, certain transcription factors such as MADS-box transcription factor 26, and antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase) show a similar trend to freezing tolerance, and their expression decreases with the onset of reproductive growth and the loss of freezing tolerance. During the acclimation period, most of the changes were focused on defence systems and cytoskeleton rearrangement, while, photosynthesis, and energy production became the main priority at the beginning of reproductive growth.
{"title":"Proteome response of winter-hardy wheat to cold acclimation","authors":"Mohsen Janmohammadi, Naser Sabaghnia","doi":"10.2298/botserb2302317j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2302317j","url":null,"abstract":"The proteome analysis of winter crops during cold acclimation and overwintering can provide important information for designing breeding processes. The current experiment was carried out to investigate the proteome changes in frost-tolerant winter wheat (cv. Norstar) during different cold acclimation (CA) periods under field conditions in a cold and high-altitude region by two-dimensional gel-based proteomic techniques. The results showed that frost tolerance significantly increased by CA and the lethal freezing temperatures (LT50) 10, 14, and 18 weeks after seed sowing were -28?C, -22?C, and -10?C, respectively. By the beginning of the reproductive stage (double ridge stage), the LT50 values had decreased significantly. Around 1000 protein spots were distinguished by Coomassie staining on the gels. The changes in the proteins during the CA often occurred in those with a functional role in photosynthesis, energy production (glycolysis), transcription, chaperone-like activities, membrane and cytoskeleton reorganisation, transport, redox adjustments, and signalling. The results revealed that changes in chloroplast proteins, certain transcription factors such as MADS-box transcription factor 26, and antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase) show a similar trend to freezing tolerance, and their expression decreases with the onset of reproductive growth and the loss of freezing tolerance. During the acclimation period, most of the changes were focused on defence systems and cytoskeleton rearrangement, while, photosynthesis, and energy production became the main priority at the beginning of reproductive growth.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rajčić, M. Ćosić, Tomislav Tosti, D. Mišić, A. Sabovljevic, M. Sabovljević, Milorad M Vujičić
The same population of the polytrichaceous moss Polytrichum formosum was studied over four different periods of the year, analysing its carbohydrate and polyphenolic content and dynamics related to environmental seasonal changes. A total of 18 different types of sugars (including mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-saccharides) and four sugar alcohols were determined. Chlorogenic acid was the most represented among the 10 detected phenolic compounds. As inferred by the sugar content, sucrose, fructose and glucose were the most dominant sugars, but it is worth mentioning the abundance of trehalose and turanose at least during one of the observed seasons. The presence of four trisaccharides and one tetrasaccharide within P. formosum should be highlighted, as well as the first reports of turanose, isomaltotriose, panose and rhamnose within this species. The quantitative changes over the year clearly demonstrate carbohydrate dynamics in relation to seasonal climatic variation. Sugars are shown to be significant constitutive molecules within P. formosum, but also physiologically active compounds, i.e. signalling and energy storage and supplier molecules. We assume that phenolics have moss-supportive effects during oxidative stress and biotic interaction.
{"title":"An insight into seasonal changes of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds within the moss Polytrichum formosum (Polytrichaceae)","authors":"M. Rajčić, M. Ćosić, Tomislav Tosti, D. Mišić, A. Sabovljevic, M. Sabovljević, Milorad M Vujičić","doi":"10.2298/botserb2301125r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2301125r","url":null,"abstract":"The same population of the polytrichaceous moss Polytrichum formosum was studied over four different periods of the year, analysing its carbohydrate and polyphenolic content and dynamics related to environmental seasonal changes. A total of 18 different types of sugars (including mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-saccharides) and four sugar alcohols were determined. Chlorogenic acid was the most represented among the 10 detected phenolic compounds. As inferred by the sugar content, sucrose, fructose and glucose were the most dominant sugars, but it is worth mentioning the abundance of trehalose and turanose at least during one of the observed seasons. The presence of four trisaccharides and one tetrasaccharide within P. formosum should be highlighted, as well as the first reports of turanose, isomaltotriose, panose and rhamnose within this species. The quantitative changes over the year clearly demonstrate carbohydrate dynamics in relation to seasonal climatic variation. Sugars are shown to be significant constitutive molecules within P. formosum, but also physiologically active compounds, i.e. signalling and energy storage and supplier molecules. We assume that phenolics have moss-supportive effects during oxidative stress and biotic interaction.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84760354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonca Çelik, H. Sahin, N. Baltaş, N. Batan, Alpay Karaoğlu, N. Yaylı
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from two Diplophyllum species and to evaluate their bioactivity potential [antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-xanthine oxidase (XO)], and phenolic compounds. The analysis of Diplophyllum albicans and Diplophyllum taxifolium permitted the identification of 62 components, comprising ? 99.6% of the total EO composition. The major components found in these liverwort species were ?-patchoulene, ?-santalene, ?-himachalene, and cubebol. The antimicrobial assays showed that the solvent extracts (n-hexane and methanol) from these liverwort species exhibited weak to moderate antimicrobial activity. In addition, the methanol extracts of these liverwort species also exhibited moderate to high antioxidant potential. The enzyme inhibitory effects of the species were determined using urease and XO for the methanol extracts. Generally, the methanol extracts of D. albicans and D. taxifolium exhibited powerful urease inhibition with IC50 values of 9.711 ?} 0.058 and 6.304 ?} 0.099 ?g/mL, respectively, compared to the IC50 value of 26.124 ?} 0.077 ?g/mL for the standard (acetohydroxamic acid). Moreover, the HPLC-UV detection method showed that the analysed methanol extracts of these liverwort species contained only catechin and benzoic acid. These findings suggest that the analysed liverwort species possess antioxidant and urease inhibition, thus indicating the potential to explore new bioactive molecules.
{"title":"Chemical analysis and biological activity of the essential oils and extracts of two liverwort species growing in Turkey","authors":"Gonca Çelik, H. Sahin, N. Baltaş, N. Batan, Alpay Karaoğlu, N. Yaylı","doi":"10.2298/botserb2301031c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2301031c","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from two Diplophyllum species and to evaluate their bioactivity potential [antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-xanthine oxidase (XO)], and phenolic compounds. The analysis of Diplophyllum albicans and Diplophyllum taxifolium permitted the identification of 62 components, comprising ? 99.6% of the total EO composition. The major components found in these liverwort species were ?-patchoulene, ?-santalene, ?-himachalene, and cubebol. The antimicrobial assays showed that the solvent extracts (n-hexane and methanol) from these liverwort species exhibited weak to moderate antimicrobial activity. In addition, the methanol extracts of these liverwort species also exhibited moderate to high antioxidant potential. The enzyme inhibitory effects of the species were determined using urease and XO for the methanol extracts. Generally, the methanol extracts of D. albicans and D. taxifolium exhibited powerful urease inhibition with IC50 values of 9.711 ?} 0.058 and 6.304 ?} 0.099 ?g/mL, respectively, compared to the IC50 value of 26.124 ?} 0.077 ?g/mL for the standard (acetohydroxamic acid). Moreover, the HPLC-UV detection method showed that the analysed methanol extracts of these liverwort species contained only catechin and benzoic acid. These findings suggest that the analysed liverwort species possess antioxidant and urease inhibition, thus indicating the potential to explore new bioactive molecules.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90824405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vegetative propagation of ectomycorrhizal truffle fungi is limited by their slow mycelial growth. Many factors including media, isolate genotypes and environmental conditions can alter fungal mycelial growth rates. This study aimed to improve the in vitro growth rate of Tuber brumale by determining the optimal carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, temperature and pH. After 8 weeks, the highest level of growth and densest hyphal branching were recorded in the medium containing glucose as the main carbohydrate. For nitrogen, glutamine (200 mg N l-1) provided the greatest hyphal growth and density compared to the other amino acid treatments. Regarding temperature, 16?C proved to be optimal for T. brumale growth and branching. Media of pH 6 and pH 7 were most favourable for the growth of T. brumale. The results from this research provide baseline data on the vegetative nutrition of T. brumale and have implications for the in vitro culture of winter truffle hyphae.
外生菌根松露真菌的无性繁殖受到其菌丝生长缓慢的限制。包括培养基、分离物基因型和环境条件在内的许多因素都可以改变真菌菌丝的生长速度。本研究旨在通过确定最佳碳水化合物和氮源、温度和ph来提高棕块茎的体外生长速度。在以葡萄糖为主要碳水化合物的培养基中，8周后棕块茎的生长水平最高，菌丝分枝密度最大。对于氮，与其他氨基酸处理相比，谷氨酰胺(200 mg N -1)提供了最大的菌丝生长和密度。关于温度，16?C被证明是最适合棕毛霉生长和分枝的。pH为6和pH为7的培养基最有利于褐条霉的生长。本研究结果为黑松露菌丝的体外培养提供了基础数据，并对冬松露菌丝的体外培养具有指导意义。
{"title":"Optimising in vitro culture conditions for the truffle Tuber brumale","authors":"Reza Salehi Molkabadi, Gregory Bonito, Kamran Ghasemi, Mohammad Ghanbary, Fatemeh Raouf Fard","doi":"10.2298/botserb2302259s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2302259s","url":null,"abstract":"The vegetative propagation of ectomycorrhizal truffle fungi is limited by their slow mycelial growth. Many factors including media, isolate genotypes and environmental conditions can alter fungal mycelial growth rates. This study aimed to improve the in vitro growth rate of Tuber brumale by determining the optimal carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, temperature and pH. After 8 weeks, the highest level of growth and densest hyphal branching were recorded in the medium containing glucose as the main carbohydrate. For nitrogen, glutamine (200 mg N l-1) provided the greatest hyphal growth and density compared to the other amino acid treatments. Regarding temperature, 16?C proved to be optimal for T. brumale growth and branching. Media of pH 6 and pH 7 were most favourable for the growth of T. brumale. The results from this research provide baseline data on the vegetative nutrition of T. brumale and have implications for the in vitro culture of winter truffle hyphae.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the arable bryophyte flora in the Northeastern region of Slovenia. We found three new bryophyte taxa for Slovenia: Bryum violaceum, Dicranella staphylina and Hydrogonium consanguineum var. kurilense. The presence of the regionally extinct Ephemerum cohaerens was confirmed, and several other species from the National Red List of bryophytes were also recorded. A list of 25 bryophyte species growing on the studied arable fields is presented and commented on.
对斯洛文尼亚东北部地区的可耕苔藓植物区系进行了调查。我们在斯洛文尼亚发现了3个新的苔藓植物分类群:Bryum violaceum、Dicranella staphylina和Hydrogonium consanguineum var. kurilense。确认了区域灭绝的星历草(Ephemerum cohaerens)的存在，并记录了其他几个来自国家苔藓植物红色名录的物种。介绍了所研究耕地上生长的25种苔藓植物，并对其进行了评述。
{"title":"Arable bryophytes from northeastern Slovenia with new and interesting national records","authors":"Cimerman Lobnik, Darja Kopitar, Simona Strgulc-Krajsek","doi":"10.2298/botserb2302301c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2302301c","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the arable bryophyte flora in the Northeastern region of Slovenia. We found three new bryophyte taxa for Slovenia: Bryum violaceum, Dicranella staphylina and Hydrogonium consanguineum var. kurilense. The presence of the regionally extinct Ephemerum cohaerens was confirmed, and several other species from the National Red List of bryophytes were also recorded. A list of 25 bryophyte species growing on the studied arable fields is presented and commented on.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maja Diljkan, S. Škondrić, D. Hasanagić, Mirjana Žabić, L. Topalić-Trivunović, Carlos Jiménez-Gallardo, B. Kukavica
Seasonal variations in the environment (e.g. of temperature and light intensity) can lead to the excess production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, inducing changes in the permeability of the plant cell membrane and the structure and function of cellular molecules. To address these deleterious effects, plants activate various non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. This study seeks to detect the influence of seasonal variation in Hedera helix (ivy) leaves, collected in Banj brdo (Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) between December 2017 and November 2018, on oxidative (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, Class III peroxidases, and phenolic compounds) parameters. During the winter-early spring months (a temperature range of 0.7 to 5.4?C), we detected an increase in the values of all the oxidative and antioxidant parameters, whereas during the spring, summer, and autumn months (a temperature range of 15 to 25?C), the values of most of these parameters fell. However, a peak in the parameter values was detected during June and July 2018, which might be attributable to the influence of the changes in both light intensity and temperature and to the effects of intensive shoot growth. Our results highlight the importance of the antioxidant protection system of H. helix for its acclimation to seasonal variations in the environment, especially temperature.
{"title":"The antioxidant response of Hedera helix leaves to seasonal temperature variations","authors":"Maja Diljkan, S. Škondrić, D. Hasanagić, Mirjana Žabić, L. Topalić-Trivunović, Carlos Jiménez-Gallardo, B. Kukavica","doi":"10.2298/botserb2202295d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202295d","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal variations in the environment (e.g. of temperature and light intensity) can lead to the excess production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, inducing changes in the permeability of the plant cell membrane and the structure and function of cellular molecules. To address these deleterious effects, plants activate various non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. This study seeks to detect the influence of seasonal variation in Hedera helix (ivy) leaves, collected in Banj brdo (Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) between December 2017 and November 2018, on oxidative (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, Class III peroxidases, and phenolic compounds) parameters. During the winter-early spring months (a temperature range of 0.7 to 5.4?C), we detected an increase in the values of all the oxidative and antioxidant parameters, whereas during the spring, summer, and autumn months (a temperature range of 15 to 25?C), the values of most of these parameters fell. However, a peak in the parameter values was detected during June and July 2018, which might be attributable to the influence of the changes in both light intensity and temperature and to the effects of intensive shoot growth. Our results highlight the importance of the antioxidant protection system of H. helix for its acclimation to seasonal variations in the environment, especially temperature.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79139706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves and shoots decreases the nutrient losses associated with biomass turnover and represents a significant component of mineral nutrient economy. In submerged aquatic plants, N and P resorption efficiencies (REN, REP) from senescing leaves or shoots are high (usually >40% in dry weight, DW), but K resorption efficiency (REK) is usually very low or zero. The free-floating aquatic fern Salvinia natans has a linear, modular shoot structure exhibiting steep growth and a physiological polarity, and consists of oval, floating, natant leaves with photosynthetic functions and thread-like submerged leaves which absorb nutrients. To obtain the basic mineral nutrient characteristics, REN, REP and REK were estimated in the senescent floating and submerged leaves of this species grown in an outdoor culture. The N content in all the leaves was in the range between 1.10-1.42% DW, P 0.33-0.57% DW and K between 4.03-6.20% DW, indicating a partial N growth limitation but a liberal P uptake. Contrary to expectations, the REN values in both types of leaves were relatively low (7-31%), those of REP even negative (-7 to -12%), while the REK values were relatively high (31-44%). These results are in contrast to much higher N and P resorption efficiencies reported in both submerged plants and the similar tropical species S. molesta. The REK values found in S. natans are in accordance with those reported in S. molesta, but are much higher than those in submerged plants. Thus, the submerged leaves (rhizophylls) of the Salvinia species do not behave in the same way as the leaves of higher submerged plants in terms of the K economy.
{"title":"Resorption of N, P and K from the floating and submerged leaves of the aquatic fern Salvinia natans","authors":"L. Adamec","doi":"10.2298/botserb2202253a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202253a","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves and shoots decreases the nutrient losses associated with biomass turnover and represents a significant component of mineral nutrient economy. In submerged aquatic plants, N and P resorption efficiencies (REN, REP) from senescing leaves or shoots are high (usually >40% in dry weight, DW), but K resorption efficiency (REK) is usually very low or zero. The free-floating aquatic fern Salvinia natans has a linear, modular shoot structure exhibiting steep growth and a physiological polarity, and consists of oval, floating, natant leaves with photosynthetic functions and thread-like submerged leaves which absorb nutrients. To obtain the basic mineral nutrient characteristics, REN, REP and REK were estimated in the senescent floating and submerged leaves of this species grown in an outdoor culture. The N content in all the leaves was in the range between 1.10-1.42% DW, P 0.33-0.57% DW and K between 4.03-6.20% DW, indicating a partial N growth limitation but a liberal P uptake. Contrary to expectations, the REN values in both types of leaves were relatively low (7-31%), those of REP even negative (-7 to -12%), while the REK values were relatively high (31-44%). These results are in contrast to much higher N and P resorption efficiencies reported in both submerged plants and the similar tropical species S. molesta. The REK values found in S. natans are in accordance with those reported in S. molesta, but are much higher than those in submerged plants. Thus, the submerged leaves (rhizophylls) of the Salvinia species do not behave in the same way as the leaves of higher submerged plants in terms of the K economy.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81448730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Radojević, K. Mladenović, M. Grujović, Sava Vasic
This research project aimed to analyse the biological potential of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of red grape stalks, as well as lyophilised red grape stalks from Krnjevo (Serbia). The concentration of the total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of the stalk extracts were measured by means of the spectrophotometric method. In vitro antimicrobial activity of 23 selected species of microorganisms (13 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi) was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The results indicated that the highest concentration of total phenols was measured in the ethyl acetate extract (60.08 mg GAE/g of extract), while the highest total flavonoid concentration was observed in the acetone extract (34.24 mg RUE/g of extract). The tested extracts showed poor antioxidant activity compared to chlorogenic acid. The acetone extract probably showed the strongest antimicrobial activity due to the high concentrations of phenols and flavonoids. The tested extracts showed a better effect on Gram-positive bacteria than on Gram-negative bacteria. Although grape stalks are a by-product in the wine industry, they are a potential source of natural compounds which can be used for a variety of purposes in many fields ranging from the food industry to medicine.
{"title":"Grape stalks as a source of antioxidant and antimicrobial substances and their potential application","authors":"I. Radojević, K. Mladenović, M. Grujović, Sava Vasic","doi":"10.2298/botserb2202179r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202179r","url":null,"abstract":"This research project aimed to analyse the biological potential of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of red grape stalks, as well as lyophilised red grape stalks from Krnjevo (Serbia). The concentration of the total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of the stalk extracts were measured by means of the spectrophotometric method. In vitro antimicrobial activity of 23 selected species of microorganisms (13 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi) was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The results indicated that the highest concentration of total phenols was measured in the ethyl acetate extract (60.08 mg GAE/g of extract), while the highest total flavonoid concentration was observed in the acetone extract (34.24 mg RUE/g of extract). The tested extracts showed poor antioxidant activity compared to chlorogenic acid. The acetone extract probably showed the strongest antimicrobial activity due to the high concentrations of phenols and flavonoids. The tested extracts showed a better effect on Gram-positive bacteria than on Gram-negative bacteria. Although grape stalks are a by-product in the wine industry, they are a potential source of natural compounds which can be used for a variety of purposes in many fields ranging from the food industry to medicine.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81150803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz, Y. Bağcı, H. Ayyildiz, E. Cagil, Prairna Malik, Ahmad Ali
The present study was designed to evaluate the biological potentials and phenolic composition of different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium, which is less investigated and known as a wild endemic species to Turkey. The antioxidant activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS), iron chelating capacity, and a ?-carotene / linoleic acid emulsion assay. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the plant were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The study of the enzyme inhibition activity of the plant was carried out for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, and tyrosinase. The antiglycation activity of the aqueous extract of the plant was evaluated using established methods such as browning, a Nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method, a Congo red assay, and fluorescent Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The HPLC profiling of the phenolics revealed that 18 standard phenolic compounds were found in different amounts in various extracts of the plant parts. According to our bioactivity results, the methanol extract obtained from the flower parts of the plant contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which also demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, the methanol extracts obtained from the leaves and roots were found to be the most active extracts against the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, as well as moderately active against the tyrosinase enzyme. The antiglycation capacity of the extract followed this order: G. cordifolium leaves > stems > roots > flower. As a result, our study indicated that G. cordifolium extracts have strong antioxidant potential, good enzyme inhibitory effects and antiglycation potential. Further studies on G. cordifolium with in vivo bioassays need to be carried out to seek the importance of the plant in pharmaceutical techniques.
{"title":"Investigation of phenolic compounds, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of methanol and aqueous extracts of different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium","authors":"Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz, Y. Bağcı, H. Ayyildiz, E. Cagil, Prairna Malik, Ahmad Ali","doi":"10.2298/botserb2202239e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202239e","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to evaluate the biological potentials and phenolic composition of different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium, which is less investigated and known as a wild endemic species to Turkey. The antioxidant activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS), iron chelating capacity, and a ?-carotene / linoleic acid emulsion assay. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the plant were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The study of the enzyme inhibition activity of the plant was carried out for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, and tyrosinase. The antiglycation activity of the aqueous extract of the plant was evaluated using established methods such as browning, a Nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method, a Congo red assay, and fluorescent Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The HPLC profiling of the phenolics revealed that 18 standard phenolic compounds were found in different amounts in various extracts of the plant parts. According to our bioactivity results, the methanol extract obtained from the flower parts of the plant contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which also demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, the methanol extracts obtained from the leaves and roots were found to be the most active extracts against the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, as well as moderately active against the tyrosinase enzyme. The antiglycation capacity of the extract followed this order: G. cordifolium leaves > stems > roots > flower. As a result, our study indicated that G. cordifolium extracts have strong antioxidant potential, good enzyme inhibitory effects and antiglycation potential. Further studies on G. cordifolium with in vivo bioassays need to be carried out to seek the importance of the plant in pharmaceutical techniques.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75654527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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