The formation of integuments, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Dendrobium catenatum, an economically important orchid, are observed. After pollination, mitotic cell divisions of the placental epidermis result in the formation of a branching system of outgrowths. The tip of each branch consists of an archesporial cell derived from the differentiation of the terminal subepidermal nucellar cell. It differentiates directly into a megasporocyte. The first division of the meiosis of the megasporocyte produces a dyad approximately equal in size, in which the micropylar cell promptly degenerates. The second meiotic division of the remaining dyad cell results in the formation of two megaspores of unequal size. The larger chalazal cell becomes functional and eventually develops into a mature megagametophyte. The development of the megagametophyte conforms to the Monosporic Polygonum type. The final arrangement of the mature embryo sac conforms to a sevencelled/ eight-nucleate structure. The mature ovule is bitegmic, tenuinucellate and has an anatropous orientation. In the present study, we also discuss the differences between three main types of embryo sac development and the improvement of section techniques.
{"title":"The formation of integuments, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Dendrobium catenatum, with special discussions on embryo sac types and section techniques","authors":"Yong Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Liangxiaojuan Li, C. Ao","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102177c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102177c","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of integuments, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Dendrobium catenatum, an economically important orchid, are observed. After pollination, mitotic cell divisions of the placental epidermis result in the formation of a branching system of outgrowths. The tip of each branch consists of an archesporial cell derived from the differentiation of the terminal subepidermal nucellar cell. It differentiates directly into a megasporocyte. The first division of the meiosis of the megasporocyte produces a dyad approximately equal in size, in which the micropylar cell promptly degenerates. The second meiotic division of the remaining dyad cell results in the formation of two megaspores of unequal size. The larger chalazal cell becomes functional and eventually develops into a mature megagametophyte. The development of the megagametophyte conforms to the Monosporic Polygonum type. The final arrangement of the mature embryo sac conforms to a sevencelled/ eight-nucleate structure. The mature ovule is bitegmic, tenuinucellate and has an anatropous orientation. In the present study, we also discuss the differences between three main types of embryo sac development and the improvement of section techniques.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85865730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Janaćković, M. Gavrilović, D. Rančić, D. Stešević, Z. Dajić-Stevanović, P. Marin
In this study, the vegetative anatomy of Artemisia umbelliformis subsp. eriantha, a Central European alpine glacial relict, wild-growing on Mt. Durmitor (Montenegro) was examined for the first time. The aim was to investigate the general anatomy and particular anatomical traits which might have possible taxonomic value. Microscopic slides were prepared according to the standard histological procedures. The adventitious young root showed a primary structure, while the older root showed a secondary structure with a well-developed periderm on its surface. The rhizome showed a primary structure with elements of a secondary structure (periderm). The stem cross section is characterized by a round shape with a well-developed periderm at certain stages, and collateral vascular bundles arranged in a circle. The petiole is concave in shape with a single-layered epidermis and parenchyma tissue with one large and two small vascular bundles. Druses and rhombohedral crystals are observed inside some petiole parenchyma cells. The leaf lobe cross section has an oblong-linear shape and is isolateral and amphistomatous in structure. The anticlinal walls of the leaf epidermal cells are sinuate. Secretory canals are present in the root cortex parenchyma (endodermal secretory canals) and the rhizome cortical parenchyma. The stem, petiole and leaf lack secretory canals. The stem and leaf are covered with T-shaped non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The taxonomic value of the analyzed characteristics is briefly discussed.
{"title":"Anatomical traits of Artemisia umbelliformis subsp. eriantha (asteraceae) alpine glacial relict from Mt. Durmitor (Montenegro)","authors":"P. Janaćković, M. Gavrilović, D. Rančić, D. Stešević, Z. Dajić-Stevanović, P. Marin","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101023J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101023J","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the vegetative anatomy of Artemisia umbelliformis subsp. eriantha, a Central European alpine glacial relict, wild-growing on Mt. Durmitor (Montenegro) was examined for the first time. The aim was to investigate the general anatomy and particular anatomical traits which might have possible taxonomic value. Microscopic slides were prepared according to the standard histological procedures. The adventitious young root showed a primary structure, while the older root showed a secondary structure with a well-developed periderm on its surface. The rhizome showed a primary structure with elements of a secondary structure (periderm). The stem cross section is characterized by a round shape with a well-developed periderm at certain stages, and collateral vascular bundles arranged in a circle. The petiole is concave in shape with a single-layered epidermis and parenchyma tissue with one large and two small vascular bundles. Druses and rhombohedral crystals are observed inside some petiole parenchyma cells. The leaf lobe cross section has an oblong-linear shape and is isolateral and amphistomatous in structure. The anticlinal walls of the leaf epidermal cells are sinuate. Secretory canals are present in the root cortex parenchyma (endodermal secretory canals) and the rhizome cortical parenchyma. The stem, petiole and leaf lack secretory canals. The stem and leaf are covered with T-shaped non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The taxonomic value of the analyzed characteristics is briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86458536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinization is an important environmental problem affecting agricultural production worldwide. Seed germination is a critical process, and seedling establishment under saline conditions can be achieved by successful germination. In the present study, comparative proteomics combined with physiological analyses were used to investigate the protein alterations in germinating Brassica napus cultivars (Caravel and Sary) under NaCl stress. Seed germination declined with the increasing NaCl concentration. However, Caravel exhibited better performance in terms of seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Therefore, Caravel was found to be more tolerant to salinity than Sary. The root proteins were extracted from B. napus cultivars germinating on a plant growth medium with or without 100 mM NaCl for seven days. After the root proteins had been separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, the differentially accumulated proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed 12 and 27 statistically significant proteins accumulated in the NaCl-treated roots of Caravel and Sary, respectively. The identified proteins were mostly involved in protein metabolism, stress defense, cytoskeleton and cell wall metabolism, and energy metabolism. The salt-sensitive cultivar Sary displayed an elevated accumulation of proteins involved in antioxidant defense and the protein catabolic process such as superoxide dismutase [Fe], L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, and different components of the proteasome system. On the other hand, the levels of molecular chaperones including 20 kDa chaperonin, chaperonin CPN60, heat shock cognate protein HSC70, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 were higher in Caravel than Sary under salt stress. These findings will provide the possible mechanisms which contribute to salt tolerance and may serve as the basis for improving salinity tolerance in rapeseed.
土壤盐渍化是影响全球农业生产的重要环境问题。种子萌发是一个关键的过程，在盐水条件下成功发芽可以实现幼苗的建立。本研究采用比较蛋白质组学和生理分析相结合的方法，研究了NaCl胁迫下甘蓝型油菜(Caravel和Sary)萌发过程中蛋白质的变化。随着NaCl浓度的增加，种子萌发率下降。但在盐胁迫下，油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长表现较好。因此，卡拉维尔被发现比萨利更耐盐。研究了甘蓝型油菜在加或不加100 mM NaCl的植物生长培养基上萌发7 d后的根蛋白提取。用二维凝胶电泳分离根蛋白后，用MALDI-TOF/TOF ms鉴定差异积累蛋白。比较蛋白质组学分析显示，在nacl处理的Caravel和Sary根中，分别积累了12和27个具有统计学意义的蛋白。所鉴定的蛋白质主要参与蛋白质代谢、应激防御、细胞骨架和细胞壁代谢以及能量代谢。盐敏感品种Sary显示出参与抗氧化防御和蛋白质分解代谢过程的蛋白质积累增加，如超氧化物歧化酶[Fe]， l -抗坏血酸过氧化物酶1和蛋白酶体系统的不同组分。另一方面，盐胁迫下，油菜的20 kDa伴侣蛋白、伴侣蛋白CPN60、热休克同源蛋白HSC70、热休克70 kDa蛋白1等分子伴侣蛋白水平均高于水稻。这些发现将为油菜籽耐盐性的形成提供可能的机制，并为提高油菜籽耐盐性提供依据。
{"title":"Alterations in the root proteomes of Brassica napus cultivars under salt stress","authors":"H. Terzi, M. Yıldız","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101087T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101087T","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is an important environmental problem affecting agricultural production worldwide. Seed germination is a critical process, and seedling establishment under saline conditions can be achieved by successful germination. In the present study, comparative proteomics combined with physiological analyses were used to investigate the protein alterations in germinating Brassica napus cultivars (Caravel and Sary) under NaCl stress. Seed germination declined with the increasing NaCl concentration. However, Caravel exhibited better performance in terms of seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Therefore, Caravel was found to be more tolerant to salinity than Sary. The root proteins were extracted from B. napus cultivars germinating on a plant growth medium with or without 100 mM NaCl for seven days. After the root proteins had been separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, the differentially accumulated proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed 12 and 27 statistically significant proteins accumulated in the NaCl-treated roots of Caravel and Sary, respectively. The identified proteins were mostly involved in protein metabolism, stress defense, cytoskeleton and cell wall metabolism, and energy metabolism. The salt-sensitive cultivar Sary displayed an elevated accumulation of proteins involved in antioxidant defense and the protein catabolic process such as superoxide dismutase [Fe], L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, and different components of the proteasome system. On the other hand, the levels of molecular chaperones including 20 kDa chaperonin, chaperonin CPN60, heat shock cognate protein HSC70, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 were higher in Caravel than Sary under salt stress. These findings will provide the possible mechanisms which contribute to salt tolerance and may serve as the basis for improving salinity tolerance in rapeseed.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86506796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Tomović, M. Sabovljević, E. Masic, Sladjana Popovic, Aleksandra Marković, Ivana Trbojević, J. Pantović, K. Sutorý, M. Niketić, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić, Ante Begic, B. Assyov, G. Tamas, C. Bîrsan, S. Ștefănuț
This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: cyanobacteria Anagnostidinema amphibium, mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma frondosae, stonewort Chara connivens, mosses Dicranum polysetum and Ulota intermedia, and dicots Eclipta prostrata, Paeonia daurica subsp. daurica, Ruta graveolens and Sorbus bosniaca.
{"title":"New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 6","authors":"G. Tomović, M. Sabovljević, E. Masic, Sladjana Popovic, Aleksandra Marković, Ivana Trbojević, J. Pantović, K. Sutorý, M. Niketić, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić, Ante Begic, B. Assyov, G. Tamas, C. Bîrsan, S. Ștefănuț","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102361t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102361t","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: cyanobacteria Anagnostidinema amphibium, mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma frondosae, stonewort Chara connivens, mosses Dicranum polysetum and Ulota intermedia, and dicots Eclipta prostrata, Paeonia daurica subsp. daurica, Ruta graveolens and Sorbus bosniaca.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75015188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we describe Centaurea hekimhanensis, a new species found in Hekimhan (Turkey, Malatya Province). This Centaurea grows on the stony-gravel mountain slopes of Yamada? and is morphologically similar to C. reuteriana, C. bourgaei, and C. pichleri in terms of their flowering lateral stem at the base of the rosette, but differs regarding the shape of the stem and rosette leaves, and the size of the rosette leaves and median appendages; the achene ornamentation is irregularly sulcate. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 20.
{"title":"A new species of Centaurea L. subgen. Cyanus Mill. (Asteraceae) from Turkey","authors":"Emrah Şirin, H. Yıldırım, T. Uysal, K. Ertuğrul","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101013S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101013S","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe Centaurea hekimhanensis, a new species found in Hekimhan (Turkey, Malatya Province). This Centaurea grows on the stony-gravel mountain slopes of Yamada? and is morphologically similar to C. reuteriana, C. bourgaei, and C. pichleri in terms of their flowering lateral stem at the base of the rosette, but differs regarding the shape of the stem and rosette leaves, and the size of the rosette leaves and median appendages; the achene ornamentation is irregularly sulcate. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 20.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84840675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sabovljević, G. Tomović, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, T. Denchev, C. Denchev, Ivana Stevanoski, A. Marković, Sanja Djurovic, Uroš Buzurović, G. Yaneva, S. Ștefănuț, Miruna-Maria Ștefănuț, A. Knezevic, P. Petrović, B. Assyov, J. Pantović, M. Niketić, S. Vukojičić, R. Ion, G. Tamas
This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: parasitic fungus Antherospora hortensis, saprotrophic fungi Loweomyces fractipes and Pholiota henningsii, stonewort Chara canescens, mosses Grimmia caespiticia and Rhodobryum ontariense, fern Woodsia alpina, monocots Aegilops triuncialis, Epipactis purpurata, Galanthus elwesii and Typha shuttleworthii and dicot Umbilicus luteus.
{"title":"New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 3","authors":"M. Sabovljević, G. Tomović, Petya Boycheva, Dobri Ivanov, T. Denchev, C. Denchev, Ivana Stevanoski, A. Marković, Sanja Djurovic, Uroš Buzurović, G. Yaneva, S. Ștefănuț, Miruna-Maria Ștefănuț, A. Knezevic, P. Petrović, B. Assyov, J. Pantović, M. Niketić, S. Vukojičić, R. Ion, G. Tamas","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101119S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101119S","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: parasitic fungus Antherospora hortensis, saprotrophic fungi Loweomyces fractipes and Pholiota henningsii, stonewort Chara canescens, mosses Grimmia caespiticia and Rhodobryum ontariense, fern Woodsia alpina, monocots Aegilops triuncialis, Epipactis purpurata, Galanthus elwesii and Typha shuttleworthii and dicot Umbilicus luteus.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"11 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82792915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The benthic algal flora of Avusor Great Lake and Ko?d?z? Great Lake in Rize was investigated on 21 August 2019. A total of 37 desmid taxa belonging to the genera Actinotaenium (2), Closterium (6), Cosmarium (12), Euastrum (4), Micrasterias (3), Penium (1), Staurastrum (8) and Staurodesmus (1) were assessed as new records for Turkey. In this paper, the morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species is discussed in detail.
{"title":"New desmid records from two high mountain lakes in Camlıhemşin/Rize (Turkey)","authors":"B. Şahin","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102273s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102273s","url":null,"abstract":"The benthic algal flora of Avusor Great Lake and Ko?d?z? Great Lake in Rize was investigated on 21 August 2019. A total of 37 desmid taxa belonging to the genera Actinotaenium (2), Closterium (6), Cosmarium (12), Euastrum (4), Micrasterias (3), Penium (1), Staurastrum (8) and Staurodesmus (1) were assessed as new records for Turkey. In this paper, the morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species is discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85838228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the flowers of Abeliophyllum distichum, commonly known as white forsythia, was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-five components including epoxy linalool, methyl salicylate, linalool oxide (pyranoid), and L-linalool were identified in the EO of A. distichum flowers (AfEO). In addition, the AfEO exhibited a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that this anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1?, IL-6, and IL-18. Taken together, these results confirm the potential use of the AfEO as an anti-inflammatory agent for topical application.
{"title":"The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect of the essential oil obtained from Abeliophyllum distichum flowers","authors":"H. Ju, Heung Lim Bin, Tae-Hyun Kyung","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101137J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101137J","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the flowers of Abeliophyllum distichum, commonly known as white forsythia, was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-five components including epoxy linalool, methyl salicylate, linalool oxide (pyranoid), and L-linalool were identified in the EO of A. distichum flowers (AfEO). In addition, the AfEO exhibited a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that this anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1?, IL-6, and IL-18. Taken together, these results confirm the potential use of the AfEO as an anti-inflammatory agent for topical application.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81723351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epigenetics is the study of hereditary changes in gene expression under the premise that the nucleotide sequence is not changed. Such hereditary changes mainly involve DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. These covalent modifications play indispensable roles in regulating gene expression; DNA replication, recombination, and repair; and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications can be partially inherited by daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis and influenced by external factors, such as environmental stresses and supply deficits. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and regulation by non-coding RNAs, in the development and stress response of plants.
{"title":"The role of epigenetic modifications in plant responses to stress","authors":"Xuefeng Lu, Tae-Hyun Kyung","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101003L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101003L","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetics is the study of hereditary changes in gene expression under the premise that the nucleotide sequence is not changed. Such hereditary changes mainly involve DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. These covalent modifications play indispensable roles in regulating gene expression; DNA replication, recombination, and repair; and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications can be partially inherited by daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis and influenced by external factors, such as environmental stresses and supply deficits. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and regulation by non-coding RNAs, in the development and stress response of plants.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"4294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79451610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milena Tabašević, D. Lakušić, N. Kuzmanović, S. Vukojičić, M. Glišic, S. Jovanovic
This study represents the first data gathering and analysis of the floristic composition of ruderal vegetation in Serbia, published over the last 70 years. The dataset included 748 relev?s of ruderal communities and a total of 716 plant species and subspecies. The study showed that the most abundant were widespread taxa, especially taxa of the Eurasian area type, while alien species accounted for a relatively small proportion of the ruderal flora (about 10%). Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were most abundant in the life form spectra. Five vegetation groups were identified, corresponding to the following vegetation classes: Bidentetea, Sisymbrietea, Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris, Artemisietea vulgaris and Polygono-Poetea annuae. The analysis of similarity showed that there are small floristic differences between particular vegetation groups. The determined diagnostic species for the vegetation groups were compared with those of the corresponding anthropogenic vegetation classes, and a high degree of similarity was found for all but one group. The most frequent taxa in all five groups were Polygonum aviculare, Convolvulus arvensis, Plantago major subsp. major and Chenopodium album.
这项研究是近70年来首次对塞尔维亚原始植被区系组成进行数据收集和分析。该数据集包括748条相关信息。野外群落中有716个植物种和亚种。研究表明，广布的类群最为丰富，以欧亚地区型类群最为突出，外来物种在原始区系中所占比例相对较小(约为10%)。在生命形式光谱中，热生植物和半隐生植物最为丰富。共鉴定出5个植被类群，分别为Bidentetea、Sisymbrietea、Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris、Artemisietea vulgaris和Polygono-Poetea annuae。相似性分析表明，特定植被类群之间存在较小的区系差异。将各植被类群的诊断种与相应的人为植被类群的诊断种进行比较，发现除1个类群外，其余类群具有高度的相似性。5个类群中最常见的类群分别是蓼、卷花、车前草大亚种。major and Chenopodium专辑。
{"title":"Ruderal vegetation in Serbia - diversity and floristic composition","authors":"Milena Tabašević, D. Lakušić, N. Kuzmanović, S. Vukojičić, M. Glišic, S. Jovanovic","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102251t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102251t","url":null,"abstract":"This study represents the first data gathering and analysis of the floristic composition of ruderal vegetation in Serbia, published over the last 70 years. The dataset included 748 relev?s of ruderal communities and a total of 716 plant species and subspecies. The study showed that the most abundant were widespread taxa, especially taxa of the Eurasian area type, while alien species accounted for a relatively small proportion of the ruderal flora (about 10%). Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were most abundant in the life form spectra. Five vegetation groups were identified, corresponding to the following vegetation classes: Bidentetea, Sisymbrietea, Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris, Artemisietea vulgaris and Polygono-Poetea annuae. The analysis of similarity showed that there are small floristic differences between particular vegetation groups. The determined diagnostic species for the vegetation groups were compared with those of the corresponding anthropogenic vegetation classes, and a high degree of similarity was found for all but one group. The most frequent taxa in all five groups were Polygonum aviculare, Convolvulus arvensis, Plantago major subsp. major and Chenopodium album.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81952941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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