Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a pro-coagulant state that can lead to fatal thromboembolic events. A high prevalence of lupus anticoagulant has been shown in several studies that may at least partially explain the pro-coagulant profile of COVID-19. However, the relation between COVID-19 and lupus anticoagulant is arguable, and no study has clearly evaluated the concussion of lupus anticoagulant on mortality. Methods: We searched the articles that related to lupus anticoagulant and patients with COVID-19. Two authors independently reviewed the search results to select English language articles discussing lupus anticoagulant in patients with COVID-19. Results: Recent studies found conflicting results about the association between lupus anticoagulant and thromboembolic complications of COVID-19. Studies documented a high prevalence of lupus anticoagulants as well as several other studies. Patients with lupus anticoagulants were older, and their C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity troponin, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were significantly higher than patients without lupus anticoagulants. Conclusion: Those started on therapeutic anticoagulation showed more severe and complicated involvements and a higher risk of death. According to our results, lupus anticoagulant is highly prevalent among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Whether these antibodies promote a hypercoagulable state or they are merely a coincidence, epiphenomenon needs further evaluation.
{"title":"Lupus anticoagulant in patients with COVID-19: A review","authors":"Milad Nazari Sabet, Elham Ahmadipour, Shadi Zamansaraei","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a pro-coagulant state that can lead to fatal thromboembolic events. A high prevalence of lupus anticoagulant has been shown in several studies that may at least partially explain the pro-coagulant profile of COVID-19. However, the relation between COVID-19 and lupus anticoagulant is arguable, and no study has clearly evaluated the concussion of lupus anticoagulant on mortality. Methods: We searched the articles that related to lupus anticoagulant and patients with COVID-19. Two authors independently reviewed the search results to select English language articles discussing lupus anticoagulant in patients with COVID-19. Results: Recent studies found conflicting results about the association between lupus anticoagulant and thromboembolic complications of COVID-19. Studies documented a high prevalence of lupus anticoagulants as well as several other studies. Patients with lupus anticoagulants were older, and their C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity troponin, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were significantly higher than patients without lupus anticoagulants. Conclusion: Those started on therapeutic anticoagulation showed more severe and complicated involvements and a higher risk of death. According to our results, lupus anticoagulant is highly prevalent among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Whether these antibodies promote a hypercoagulable state or they are merely a coincidence, epiphenomenon needs further evaluation.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85117682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an irreversible decrease in kidney function with severe consequences. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and paraclinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical performed on 105 patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to Bou Ali and Velayat hospitals in Qazvin. The data were included age, gender, duration of dialysis, kind of vascular access, kind of catheter, site of catheters, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, kind of flux, use of midodrine, kind of dialysis solution, number of dialysis per week, calcium (Ca), iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Kt/V, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.97±15.13 years and 44.8% of the patients were females. The mean number of dialysis per week was 2.84 times with a mean duration of 3.90 years. The mean Cr level was 8.89±3.14 mg/dL. Males had higher level of BUN (55.91±16.06 mg/dL versus 65.24±17.53 mg/ dL, P=0.006) and Cr (8.09±2.43 mg/dL versus 9.59±3.47 mg/dL, P=0.010). Arteriovenous fistula/AVF was the most common vascular access (76.2% of cases). With increasing BUN, number of dialysis per week and weight, the level of Cr increases significantly (P<0.05). In the younger patients, Cr showed low level compared to the older patients. Conclusion: The number of dialysis per week, weight and BUN level is factors to predict the level of Cr and with increasing these factors, the level of Cr increases. The mean Cr level was high which showed inadequacy of hemodialysis in these patients. The level of Cr and BUN is higher in men.
{"title":"Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients undergoing hemodialysis","authors":"Sanaz Jamshidi, S. Hajian, Nafiseh Rastgoo","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an irreversible decrease in kidney function with severe consequences. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and paraclinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical performed on 105 patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to Bou Ali and Velayat hospitals in Qazvin. The data were included age, gender, duration of dialysis, kind of vascular access, kind of catheter, site of catheters, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, kind of flux, use of midodrine, kind of dialysis solution, number of dialysis per week, calcium (Ca), iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Kt/V, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.97±15.13 years and 44.8% of the patients were females. The mean number of dialysis per week was 2.84 times with a mean duration of 3.90 years. The mean Cr level was 8.89±3.14 mg/dL. Males had higher level of BUN (55.91±16.06 mg/dL versus 65.24±17.53 mg/ dL, P=0.006) and Cr (8.09±2.43 mg/dL versus 9.59±3.47 mg/dL, P=0.010). Arteriovenous fistula/AVF was the most common vascular access (76.2% of cases). With increasing BUN, number of dialysis per week and weight, the level of Cr increases significantly (P<0.05). In the younger patients, Cr showed low level compared to the older patients. Conclusion: The number of dialysis per week, weight and BUN level is factors to predict the level of Cr and with increasing these factors, the level of Cr increases. The mean Cr level was high which showed inadequacy of hemodialysis in these patients. The level of Cr and BUN is higher in men.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88773252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotics are used before or at the beginning of diagnostic or therapeutic intervention to reduce post-intervention infections. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the administration of prophylactic antibiotics in urological procedures of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz with the standard protocol. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on common urological cases including 400 patients who undergo open or endoscopic surgery who received antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery to prevent urinary tract infections. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.59 ± 17.60 years; 51.5% of the patients were female. The most common cystoscopy procedure was performed with a frequency of 27.25% and the most common antibiotic used was cefazolin with a frequency of 34.25%. It was observed that there was a discrepancy between the type of antibiotic in 4.4% and a discrepancy between the dose of antibiotics used and the standard guideline in 5.5%. The mean duration of drug administration in the studied patients was 3.28±1.59 days with a mean of three days. Regarding duration of antibiotic use, in 26% of cases was contrary to the standard guideline. Additionally, in 11.25% of cases, the continuation of prophylactic antibiotics in the studied patients was contrary to the standard guideline. Conclusion: In the present study, the time of administration of prophylactic antibiotics before urological surgeries was the most consistent with the standard guideline. In addition, most cases of discrepancy between dose and type of antibiotic were related to stent replacement and cystoscopy.
{"title":"Analytical review of prescription of prophylactic antibiotic in urologic procedures","authors":"Mohsen Amjadi-Zeinalhajlou, Shabnam Mostafazadeh, Elham Jahantabi, Mohsen Mohammad-Rahimi","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotics are used before or at the beginning of diagnostic or therapeutic intervention to reduce post-intervention infections. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the administration of prophylactic antibiotics in urological procedures of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz with the standard protocol. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on common urological cases including 400 patients who undergo open or endoscopic surgery who received antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery to prevent urinary tract infections. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.59 ± 17.60 years; 51.5% of the patients were female. The most common cystoscopy procedure was performed with a frequency of 27.25% and the most common antibiotic used was cefazolin with a frequency of 34.25%. It was observed that there was a discrepancy between the type of antibiotic in 4.4% and a discrepancy between the dose of antibiotics used and the standard guideline in 5.5%. The mean duration of drug administration in the studied patients was 3.28±1.59 days with a mean of three days. Regarding duration of antibiotic use, in 26% of cases was contrary to the standard guideline. Additionally, in 11.25% of cases, the continuation of prophylactic antibiotics in the studied patients was contrary to the standard guideline. Conclusion: In the present study, the time of administration of prophylactic antibiotics before urological surgeries was the most consistent with the standard guideline. In addition, most cases of discrepancy between dose and type of antibiotic were related to stent replacement and cystoscopy.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84821691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Kafi, A. Bolourian, Z. Mojtahedi, Alireza Pouramini
{"title":"High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in COVID-19","authors":"Fatemeh Kafi, A. Bolourian, Z. Mojtahedi, Alireza Pouramini","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77446708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Baradaran, Z. Hoseini, P. Hedayati, Reyhaneh Shirvani
Introduction: Chronic low-grade inflammation is a comorbid factor in Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and especially in chronic dialysis patients. Recently, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is very available and affordable, has emerged as an inflammatory index in many disorders such as CKD. Several studies also have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, and scientists believe that we must prevent vitamin D deficiency in CKD patients. Vitamin D supplementation may decrease mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Objectives: There are few studies on the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and NLR in ESRD patients. Therefore, we tried to evaluate this correlation, hoping to be a key for more researches. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 140 ESRD hemodialysis patients in a cross-sectional study and evaluated the correlation of NLR with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and some demographic factors in these patients. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between NLR and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.010, r= -0.216). However, other variables such as disease duration and age had no correlation with NLR (P=0.649, r= - 0.039 and P=0.781, r= - 0.024, respectively). We also used a linear regression test to check any confounder associated with NLR, and the regression was only significant for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.011, B=-0.009). Conclusion: Based on the results, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels can be considered a predictor for NLR in hemodialysis patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in hemodialysis patients, Isfahan, Iran","authors":"A. Baradaran, Z. Hoseini, P. Hedayati, Reyhaneh Shirvani","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic low-grade inflammation is a comorbid factor in Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and especially in chronic dialysis patients. Recently, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is very available and affordable, has emerged as an inflammatory index in many disorders such as CKD. Several studies also have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, and scientists believe that we must prevent vitamin D deficiency in CKD patients. Vitamin D supplementation may decrease mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Objectives: There are few studies on the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and NLR in ESRD patients. Therefore, we tried to evaluate this correlation, hoping to be a key for more researches. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 140 ESRD hemodialysis patients in a cross-sectional study and evaluated the correlation of NLR with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and some demographic factors in these patients. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between NLR and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.010, r= -0.216). However, other variables such as disease duration and age had no correlation with NLR (P=0.649, r= - 0.039 and P=0.781, r= - 0.024, respectively). We also used a linear regression test to check any confounder associated with NLR, and the regression was only significant for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.011, B=-0.009). Conclusion: Based on the results, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels can be considered a predictor for NLR in hemodialysis patients.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81422488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is already known for its respiratory infection, but it involved more organs such as the kidney, liver, and heart. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but 5% of cases are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for severe symptoms, including multi-organ failure and septic shock. Excessive immune responses play an essential role in sepsis development and are associated with worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, reduction of these immune responses may be helpful for managing COVID-19 patients. In this mini-review, we discuss the prospective role of CD24FC, as a recombinant protein with immunomodulatory function, in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and its mechanism of action in the regulation of the immune system.
{"title":"Treatment of COVID-19 by CD24FC; a mini-review to the current knowledge","authors":"Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi, Mehrdad Rabiee Rad, Lillian Saberian","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is already known for its respiratory infection, but it involved more organs such as the kidney, liver, and heart. Most of the patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but 5% of cases are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for severe symptoms, including multi-organ failure and septic shock. Excessive immune responses play an essential role in sepsis development and are associated with worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, reduction of these immune responses may be helpful for managing COVID-19 patients. In this mini-review, we discuss the prospective role of CD24FC, as a recombinant protein with immunomodulatory function, in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and its mechanism of action in the regulation of the immune system.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73746191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a contagious acute respiratory syndrome, leading to a high mortality rate; it is also a systemic disease, and all people are at risk of being infected, including hemoglobinopathies patients. Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies while Beta-thalassemia patients, are at risk for the deadly effects of the coronavirus. Objectives: This study examines the prevalence, severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection in thalassemia patients of the southwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from March 2019 to September 2020, 1000 beta-thalassemia patients, referred to Shahid Baqaei 2 hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were screened for COVID-19. Results: Findings showwd 80% of thalassemia patients were women. Fever, body aches, weakness, and dizziness were the main symptoms of patients. Conclusion: This result suggests that hemoglobinopathies may affect infections and mortality from COVID-19 infection. However, our findings do not support a direct association between hemoglobin disease and COVID-19, and further research is needed to confirm this, but this might state the hemoglobin’s role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"COVID-19 infection and beta thalassemia; a single center experience in Iran","authors":"Roya Salehi Kahyesh, Arash Alghasi, Bijan Keikhaei Dehdezi, Adeleh Khazami, Marzeieh Abbasi Nasab","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a contagious acute respiratory syndrome, leading to a high mortality rate; it is also a systemic disease, and all people are at risk of being infected, including hemoglobinopathies patients. Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies while Beta-thalassemia patients, are at risk for the deadly effects of the coronavirus. Objectives: This study examines the prevalence, severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection in thalassemia patients of the southwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from March 2019 to September 2020, 1000 beta-thalassemia patients, referred to Shahid Baqaei 2 hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were screened for COVID-19. Results: Findings showwd 80% of thalassemia patients were women. Fever, body aches, weakness, and dizziness were the main symptoms of patients. Conclusion: This result suggests that hemoglobinopathies may affect infections and mortality from COVID-19 infection. However, our findings do not support a direct association between hemoglobin disease and COVID-19, and further research is needed to confirm this, but this might state the hemoglobin’s role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is known as the most important cause of sudden drop in platelet count among children. The acute form of unexpected drop in platelet count in children calls for treatment with medications such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and Rho(D) immunoglobulin (anti-DIG). Most of the previous studies have accordingly compared short-term therapeutic outcomes of steroids with those of IVIg. In some cases, IVIg has led to better results. However, there are few studies on the long-term treatment effects of both medicine categories. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and recurrence rate (RR) of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both in the long-term to find the best and most effective treatment for these patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 188 children diagnosed with acute ITP were admitted to the hematology departments of Shafa and Baghaei hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. The therapeutic consequences and RRs of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both were compared within one year. Results: Comparing treatments employing corticosteroids and IVIg in children having acute ITP in terms of the long-term treatment outcomes showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, the findings revealed that 34% of the patients had experienced recurrence within one year with no remarkable difference between both drug groups. Conclusion: The long-term therapeutic outcomes in both medicine categories were not significantly different. Therefore, given the world’s current economic conditions and inadequate supply of all medicines, it seems more rational to use the least expensive drugs.
{"title":"Recurrence rate in patients with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran: Corticosteroids versus intravenous immunoglobulin","authors":"A. Safapour, Arash Alghasi, F. Abolnezhadian","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is known as the most important cause of sudden drop in platelet count among children. The acute form of unexpected drop in platelet count in children calls for treatment with medications such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and Rho(D) immunoglobulin (anti-DIG). Most of the previous studies have accordingly compared short-term therapeutic outcomes of steroids with those of IVIg. In some cases, IVIg has led to better results. However, there are few studies on the long-term treatment effects of both medicine categories. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and recurrence rate (RR) of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both in the long-term to find the best and most effective treatment for these patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 188 children diagnosed with acute ITP were admitted to the hematology departments of Shafa and Baghaei hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. The therapeutic consequences and RRs of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both were compared within one year. Results: Comparing treatments employing corticosteroids and IVIg in children having acute ITP in terms of the long-term treatment outcomes showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, the findings revealed that 34% of the patients had experienced recurrence within one year with no remarkable difference between both drug groups. Conclusion: The long-term therapeutic outcomes in both medicine categories were not significantly different. Therefore, given the world’s current economic conditions and inadequate supply of all medicines, it seems more rational to use the least expensive drugs.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90117447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new COVID-19 disease, which is affecting the world and has infected and killed many people, has rapidly changed people’s lifestyles and, accordingly, changed people’s needs, including their demands on their living environment. As the disease progressed, people were forced to stay at home to escape the disease. Even cities and public spaces could no longer be used. These situations, as well as the anxiety caused by this unknown disease, quickly led to mental health problems such as depression, isolation, aggression, stress, and physical illnesses due to inactivity. Given that the living environment of people, and above all, their homes, has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of people, profound and fundamental changes and decisions in the design and construction of houses are necessary for this situation where people have to spend most of their time in their homes. On the other hand, people need to socialize with each other and do their daily and essential tasks easily, even in a pandemic situation. Therefore, the urban design must also have significant changes in accordance with these conditions. In this article, we will review the design strategies of the city and the design and construction of houses to better respond to them in such situations.
{"title":"Housing and urban design for COVID-19 pandemic; design for prevention of virus spread","authors":"Delaram Shahbazian","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"The new COVID-19 disease, which is affecting the world and has infected and killed many people, has rapidly changed people’s lifestyles and, accordingly, changed people’s needs, including their demands on their living environment. As the disease progressed, people were forced to stay at home to escape the disease. Even cities and public spaces could no longer be used. These situations, as well as the anxiety caused by this unknown disease, quickly led to mental health problems such as depression, isolation, aggression, stress, and physical illnesses due to inactivity. Given that the living environment of people, and above all, their homes, has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of people, profound and fundamental changes and decisions in the design and construction of houses are necessary for this situation where people have to spend most of their time in their homes. On the other hand, people need to socialize with each other and do their daily and essential tasks easily, even in a pandemic situation. Therefore, the urban design must also have significant changes in accordance with these conditions. In this article, we will review the design strategies of the city and the design and construction of houses to better respond to them in such situations.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91265990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Fotokian, Reza Ebrahimi Rad, Masume Asghari Valujai
Introduction: The prevalence rate of sleep disorders among hospital staff is expected to high due to shift work and its related circadian cycle disturbance. Complexity, high prevalence, and health implications related to sleep disorders are of great importance. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and main determinants of sleep disorders among hospital staff. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 head nurses, nurses, midwives, operating room technicians, health care providers, service staffs of all departments, and physicians at Shaheed Rajaei hospital in Tonekabon city, Iran in 2015. The questionnaire which assessed the sleep disturbances was sourced from four scaling systems of Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ), insomnia severity index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results: According to the assessment by the study adopted questionnaire, 78% (78.6% of males and 77.8% of females) suffered from work-related sleep disorders. Regarding association between work shifts and likelihood of sleep disorders, it was shown a significantly higher rate of sleep disturbances in the staffs with morning and evening shifts (100%), morning and night shifts (100%), or evening and night shifts (100%), simultaneously (P<0.001). Marital status, work experience, and gender could not affect sleep quality. Conclusion: Most of the hospital staff especially practical nurses and nurses suffered from sleep disturbances. Simultaneous and multi-sectional work shifts lead to higher likelihood of sleep problem among staffs.
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