Farzad Najafipour, Newsha Hedayati, Neda Hedayati, Mehdi Farhoudi
Introduction: Headache is one of the essential symptoms of pituitary adenoma associated with the tumor and the patient’s characteristics. The pattern of adenoma-related headaches varies widely and can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the severity and pattern of headaches in patients with pituitary adenoma in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 109 patients with an initial complement of headaches. The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was confirmed. Patients’ demographic characteristics [e.g., gender, body mass index (BMI), and age] and tumor characteristics (e.g., subtype of tumor and size of tumor) were collected by interview, clinical examination, and imaging. We measured the severity of the headache using Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire version 1.1. Results: In our study, the most common subtype of pituitary adenoma was prolactinoma, followed by non-functional growth hormone (GH)-releasing and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing adenomas. Functional adenoma was significantly more common in women; however, the incidence of non-functional adenoma was more in men (61%), indicating the correlation between gender and subtype of adenoma (P=0.008). Most tumors were functional microadenomas (69%), while macroadenomas were primarily non-functional (50%). The HIT-6 scores demonstrated that functional microadenomas had higher HIT-6 scores and patients with prolactinoma experienced more severe headaches than other subtypes (P=0.003). Conclusion: Our study revealed significant effects of the type of adenoma on the severity of headaches, as patients with functional microadenomas had more muscular headaches. Additionally, the hormone-releasing function of tumors plays a vital part in the advent and severity of adenoma-related headaches.
{"title":"Association of the severity and pattern of pituitary adenoma-related headache with the size and type of adenoma","authors":"Farzad Najafipour, Newsha Hedayati, Neda Hedayati, Mehdi Farhoudi","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35213","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Headache is one of the essential symptoms of pituitary adenoma associated with the tumor and the patient’s characteristics. The pattern of adenoma-related headaches varies widely and can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the severity and pattern of headaches in patients with pituitary adenoma in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 109 patients with an initial complement of headaches. The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was confirmed. Patients’ demographic characteristics [e.g., gender, body mass index (BMI), and age] and tumor characteristics (e.g., subtype of tumor and size of tumor) were collected by interview, clinical examination, and imaging. We measured the severity of the headache using Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire version 1.1. Results: In our study, the most common subtype of pituitary adenoma was prolactinoma, followed by non-functional growth hormone (GH)-releasing and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing adenomas. Functional adenoma was significantly more common in women; however, the incidence of non-functional adenoma was more in men (61%), indicating the correlation between gender and subtype of adenoma (P=0.008). Most tumors were functional microadenomas (69%), while macroadenomas were primarily non-functional (50%). The HIT-6 scores demonstrated that functional microadenomas had higher HIT-6 scores and patients with prolactinoma experienced more severe headaches than other subtypes (P=0.003). Conclusion: Our study revealed significant effects of the type of adenoma on the severity of headaches, as patients with functional microadenomas had more muscular headaches. Additionally, the hormone-releasing function of tumors plays a vital part in the advent and severity of adenoma-related headaches.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The increasing outbreak of COVID-19 disease has challenged global public health and caused a pathological fear of its contracting. The unknown origin of COVID-19, long incubation period, high death rate, rapid transmissions, and the lack of definitive or preventive treatment caused great fear and anxiety among the world population. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between demographic characteristics and mental anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among candidate patients for cataract surgery. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study selected 258 candidates for cataract surgery patients referred to Shahid Dastgheib and Khalili hospitals in Shiraz. The data were collected using a demographic and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale questionnaire. Analytical tests were used for data analysis, including Mann-Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and univariate and multivariate linear regression. Results: Most participants were women with a mean age of 62.8 ± 15.9 years. There was no statistically significant correlation between age, education level, and history of COVID-19 with mental anxiety (P > 0.001). In contrast, gender and job indicated a statistically significant correlation. Housewives and retired people experienced higher levels of mental anxiety (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression explored that amongst all demographic characteristics, only female gender was an independent risk factor for patients’ mental anxiety. Conclusion: Considering the mental health of patients applying for surgery by gender status during the COVID-19 pandemic is very important.
{"title":"Association of demographic characteristics with mental anxiety caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in candidate patients for cataract surgery","authors":"Jamshid Eslami, Giti Setoodeh, Elahe Zaremoghadam, Fatemeh Vashahi Torfi, Reyhaneh Sadeghian, Mohamad Khaledi, Hanieh Molaee, Najmeh Parsai","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.33193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.33193","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The increasing outbreak of COVID-19 disease has challenged global public health and caused a pathological fear of its contracting. The unknown origin of COVID-19, long incubation period, high death rate, rapid transmissions, and the lack of definitive or preventive treatment caused great fear and anxiety among the world population. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between demographic characteristics and mental anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among candidate patients for cataract surgery. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study selected 258 candidates for cataract surgery patients referred to Shahid Dastgheib and Khalili hospitals in Shiraz. The data were collected using a demographic and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale questionnaire. Analytical tests were used for data analysis, including Mann-Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and univariate and multivariate linear regression. Results: Most participants were women with a mean age of 62.8 ± 15.9 years. There was no statistically significant correlation between age, education level, and history of COVID-19 with mental anxiety (P > 0.001). In contrast, gender and job indicated a statistically significant correlation. Housewives and retired people experienced higher levels of mental anxiety (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression explored that amongst all demographic characteristics, only female gender was an independent risk factor for patients’ mental anxiety. Conclusion: Considering the mental health of patients applying for surgery by gender status during the COVID-19 pandemic is very important.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azar Baradaran, Padideh Daneii, Mahshid Imankhan, Mahsa Motieian, Sina Neshat
Collapsing glomerulopathy is a rare and serious disease that is characterized by a rapid deterioration of kidney function and heavy proteinuria. This disease is a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The disease is more serious than other types of FSGS, with high risks of renal failure and poor prognosis. Collapsing glomerulopathy is often resistant to immunosuppressive therapy and can rapidly result in renal failure, making diagnosing and managing this disease an enormous challenge.
{"title":"Collapsing glomerulopathy; a review on current studies","authors":"Azar Baradaran, Padideh Daneii, Mahshid Imankhan, Mahsa Motieian, Sina Neshat","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35228","url":null,"abstract":"Collapsing glomerulopathy is a rare and serious disease that is characterized by a rapid deterioration of kidney function and heavy proteinuria. This disease is a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The disease is more serious than other types of FSGS, with high risks of renal failure and poor prognosis. Collapsing glomerulopathy is often resistant to immunosuppressive therapy and can rapidly result in renal failure, making diagnosing and managing this disease an enormous challenge.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hosseinpour, Mohammad Moein Derakhshan Barjoei, Reyhane Izadi, Hossein Mahmudi, T. Shahani, M. Mousavi
Introduction: Healthcare-acquired infections or nosocomial infections are a common problem in all countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological evaluation of nosocomial infections in Lordegan Shohada hospital from 2017 to 2022. Methods: This study was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional. The case finding was based on Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions for nosocomial infection and the nosocomial infection questionnaire of the Ministry of Health and medical treatment of Iran. Cases of nosocomial infection were confirmed based on clinical findings and tests then registered in the Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system. Results: Overall, 48343 patients were at risk for nosocomial infections during the study period; of these, 274 (0.6%) cases of nosocomial infections were detected, of which 132 were men (48%), and 142(52%) were women. The most common type of nosocomial infection in this study was surgical site infections (0.33%), pneumonia (0.27%), and ventilator-associated events (0.10). The highest rate of nosocomial infection was reported from intensive care units (0.2). Conclusion: The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this center has been low compared to the global norm. This is not the reason that the majority of nosocomial infections are low. The most important reason was the irrational use of antibiotics and, therefore, the hiding of infection cases. The prevalence of microbial resistance is increasing since this issue is worrying in nosocomial infection control.
{"title":"Prevalence of nosocomial infections in Lordegan Shohada hospital from 2017 to 2022","authors":"S. Hosseinpour, Mohammad Moein Derakhshan Barjoei, Reyhane Izadi, Hossein Mahmudi, T. Shahani, M. Mousavi","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.32201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.32201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Healthcare-acquired infections or nosocomial infections are a common problem in all countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological evaluation of nosocomial infections in Lordegan Shohada hospital from 2017 to 2022. Methods: This study was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional. The case finding was based on Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions for nosocomial infection and the nosocomial infection questionnaire of the Ministry of Health and medical treatment of Iran. Cases of nosocomial infection were confirmed based on clinical findings and tests then registered in the Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system. Results: Overall, 48343 patients were at risk for nosocomial infections during the study period; of these, 274 (0.6%) cases of nosocomial infections were detected, of which 132 were men (48%), and 142(52%) were women. The most common type of nosocomial infection in this study was surgical site infections (0.33%), pneumonia (0.27%), and ventilator-associated events (0.10). The highest rate of nosocomial infection was reported from intensive care units (0.2). Conclusion: The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this center has been low compared to the global norm. This is not the reason that the majority of nosocomial infections are low. The most important reason was the irrational use of antibiotics and, therefore, the hiding of infection cases. The prevalence of microbial resistance is increasing since this issue is worrying in nosocomial infection control.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"65 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85496330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esrafil Mansouri, Saeed Azandeh, S. Karimi, F. Fakhredini
Malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) is an unpleasant finding resulting from a wide range of malignancies with limited survival prognosis. Its presentation and progression show that it can resist treatment with some stents, including single polymer ureteral stents. With most treatment failures, several treatments are available for the initial management and treatment of benign ureteral obstruction, including therapy with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), metallic stents, tandem stents, and other stents. Considering the variety of methods and the heterogeneous population of patients, evaluating the merit of each approach is challenging and needed. Due to the lack of significant studies in this field, these methods leave their performance up to the individual provider. This review aims to provide a framework for urologists to use for individual care and apply it appropriately to patients with MUO. Prospective clinical studies are needed to empower patients with MUO to receive evidence-based treatment and recommendations.
{"title":"Modes of drainage of kidneys with bilateral malignant obstruction","authors":"Esrafil Mansouri, Saeed Azandeh, S. Karimi, F. Fakhredini","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.33192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.33192","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) is an unpleasant finding resulting from a wide range of malignancies with limited survival prognosis. Its presentation and progression show that it can resist treatment with some stents, including single polymer ureteral stents. With most treatment failures, several treatments are available for the initial management and treatment of benign ureteral obstruction, including therapy with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), metallic stents, tandem stents, and other stents. Considering the variety of methods and the heterogeneous population of patients, evaluating the merit of each approach is challenging and needed. Due to the lack of significant studies in this field, these methods leave their performance up to the individual provider. This review aims to provide a framework for urologists to use for individual care and apply it appropriately to patients with MUO. Prospective clinical studies are needed to empower patients with MUO to receive evidence-based treatment and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Ebrahimi, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Edris Ghezeljeh, Khadijeh Kazemi, A. Charkazi, S. A. Aghapour
Introduction: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is a common complication and one of the most common food allergies in infants, and it is estimated that this disease affects 2-3% of children under five years old. Objectives: This study investigated the factors associated with developing immune tolerance in children with CMA in Gorgan. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 children with CMA referred to the asthma and allergy clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan during 2019-2020 were investigated. Multiple logistic regression was applied to measure odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between the selected factors and tolerance to cow’s milk. Results: The results suggested that factors including standard delivery (P=0.024, OR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.20-13.53) and breastfeeding in the first month of birth (P=0.003, OR=6.73, 95% CI:1.94-23.36), and gastrointestinal symptoms (P=0.026, OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.17-12.19) were associated with immune tolerance to CMA. Younger age of starting complementary feeding (P<0.001, OR=0.070, 95% CI:0.02- 0.30), younger age of starting cow’s milk feeding (P=0.003, OR=0.520, 95% CI: 0.32-0.83), skin symptoms (P=0.012, OR=0.211, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71) and respiratory symptoms (P=0.013, OR=0.219, 95% CI:0.07- 0.72) were associated with allergy persistence. Conclusion: The findings of our study demonstrated natural childbirth, breastfeeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloody stools, are factors related to immune tolerance in children with CMA. The findings showed that decreasing the onset of complementary feeding, reducing the age of cow’s milk feeding, and clinical manifestations of respiratory and skin are associated with persistent CMA in children.
{"title":"The survey of factors associated with the development of immune tolerance in children with cow’s milk allergy; a cross-sectional study in Gorgan, Iran","authors":"Mohsen Ebrahimi, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Edris Ghezeljeh, Khadijeh Kazemi, A. Charkazi, S. A. Aghapour","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35202","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is a common complication and one of the most common food allergies in infants, and it is estimated that this disease affects 2-3% of children under five years old. Objectives: This study investigated the factors associated with developing immune tolerance in children with CMA in Gorgan. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 children with CMA referred to the asthma and allergy clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan during 2019-2020 were investigated. Multiple logistic regression was applied to measure odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between the selected factors and tolerance to cow’s milk. Results: The results suggested that factors including standard delivery (P=0.024, OR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.20-13.53) and breastfeeding in the first month of birth (P=0.003, OR=6.73, 95% CI:1.94-23.36), and gastrointestinal symptoms (P=0.026, OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.17-12.19) were associated with immune tolerance to CMA. Younger age of starting complementary feeding (P<0.001, OR=0.070, 95% CI:0.02- 0.30), younger age of starting cow’s milk feeding (P=0.003, OR=0.520, 95% CI: 0.32-0.83), skin symptoms (P=0.012, OR=0.211, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71) and respiratory symptoms (P=0.013, OR=0.219, 95% CI:0.07- 0.72) were associated with allergy persistence. Conclusion: The findings of our study demonstrated natural childbirth, breastfeeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloody stools, are factors related to immune tolerance in children with CMA. The findings showed that decreasing the onset of complementary feeding, reducing the age of cow’s milk feeding, and clinical manifestations of respiratory and skin are associated with persistent CMA in children.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84260878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Momenzadeh, Ebrahim Moayedi, S. Dehghani, Shahrzad Shadabi, Mohammad Moein Derakhshan Barjoei, M. Mousavi, S. Pourrezaei
Introduction: Recently, it has been reported that the injection of vaccines such as the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) involves some rare cases of thrombocytopenia and blood clots, although the vaccines created immunity in people. Estimates of this phenomenon are not the same in different countries, probably due to age distribution and number. Objectives: This study attempted to study AstraZeneca’s rare side effects in people injected with this vaccine. Methods: This systematic study was conducted using articles published in 2021 under the title of blood clot and thrombocytopenia by AstraZeneca injection. The references and data were gathered through national and international sites such as Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. They were also gathered and examined using report cases and the available data on COVID-19 vaccine immunization in various countries. The keywords used mainly are COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, blood clots, thrombus, thrombotic, and thrombocytopenia. Eventually, 25 articles were searched and examined, of which 15 related ones were selected after reviewing and re-studying. While investigating the summary and method in those 15, they were filtered more accurately; finally, ten articles were chosen. Inclusion criteria consisted of all related articles and exclusion criteria contained articles that were less related to our research subject after purification or were redundant and not of high quality. Results: This study found that rare blood clot cases and thrombocytopenia were seen despite mild side effects after AstraZeneca injection. After assessing its benefits, adverse effects, and age distribution, the countries using AstraZeneca decided to continue using it. The main difference in reported statistics in these countries is due to the variety in the age and number of people receiving the vaccine. Conclusion: Blood clots and thrombocytopenia are among the rare side effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine. In different countries, the vaccine side effects vary depending on the age and number of participants. Anyway, according to the investigations conducted in this area, the highest records of these side effects are observed in Norway, which is still low. Overall, through studying this study and other similar ones, politicians, managers, and even ordinary people can be informed about the pros and cons of this vaccine.
最近，有报道称，注射ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(阿斯利康)等疫苗涉及一些罕见的血小板减少和血栓病例，尽管这些疫苗在人体内产生了免疫力。不同国家对这一现象的估计不尽相同，可能是由于年龄分布和数量的不同。目的:本研究试图研究阿斯利康在注射该疫苗的人群中罕见的副作用。方法:本系统研究采用发表于2021年的论文，标题为阿斯利康注射液引起的血栓和血小板减少症。参考文献和数据是通过Magiran、b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus等国内和国际网站收集的。还利用报告病例和各国COVID-19疫苗免疫的现有数据收集和检查了这些数据。关键词主要是COVID-19疫苗、ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗、血凝块、血栓形成、血小板减少。最终，我们对25篇文章进行了检索和审查，其中15篇相关文章是经过审查和重新研究后选出的。在调查这15个人的总结和方法时，他们被过滤得更准确;最后选出了10篇文章。纳入标准包括所有相关文献，排除标准包括纯化后与我们研究主题相关性较低或冗余且质量不高的文献。结果:本研究发现，阿斯利康注射液虽有轻微副作用，但出现了罕见的血栓和血小板减少症。在评估了它的益处、副作用和年龄分布后，使用阿斯利康的国家决定继续使用它。这些国家报告的统计数据的主要差异是由于接种疫苗的年龄和人数不同。结论:血栓和血小板减少是阿斯利康疫苗罕见的副作用之一。在不同的国家，疫苗的副作用取决于参与者的年龄和人数。无论如何，根据在该地区进行的调查，这些副作用的最高记录是在挪威，但仍然很低。总的来说，通过研究这项研究和其他类似的研究，政治家，管理者，甚至普通人都可以了解这种疫苗的利弊。
{"title":"Possibility of the blood clot, thrombotic thrombocytopenia following injection of COVID-19-vaccine AstraZeneca; a systematic review","authors":"M. Momenzadeh, Ebrahim Moayedi, S. Dehghani, Shahrzad Shadabi, Mohammad Moein Derakhshan Barjoei, M. Mousavi, S. Pourrezaei","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.34192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.34192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recently, it has been reported that the injection of vaccines such as the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) involves some rare cases of thrombocytopenia and blood clots, although the vaccines created immunity in people. Estimates of this phenomenon are not the same in different countries, probably due to age distribution and number. Objectives: This study attempted to study AstraZeneca’s rare side effects in people injected with this vaccine. Methods: This systematic study was conducted using articles published in 2021 under the title of blood clot and thrombocytopenia by AstraZeneca injection. The references and data were gathered through national and international sites such as Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. They were also gathered and examined using report cases and the available data on COVID-19 vaccine immunization in various countries. The keywords used mainly are COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, blood clots, thrombus, thrombotic, and thrombocytopenia. Eventually, 25 articles were searched and examined, of which 15 related ones were selected after reviewing and re-studying. While investigating the summary and method in those 15, they were filtered more accurately; finally, ten articles were chosen. Inclusion criteria consisted of all related articles and exclusion criteria contained articles that were less related to our research subject after purification or were redundant and not of high quality. Results: This study found that rare blood clot cases and thrombocytopenia were seen despite mild side effects after AstraZeneca injection. After assessing its benefits, adverse effects, and age distribution, the countries using AstraZeneca decided to continue using it. The main difference in reported statistics in these countries is due to the variety in the age and number of people receiving the vaccine. Conclusion: Blood clots and thrombocytopenia are among the rare side effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine. In different countries, the vaccine side effects vary depending on the age and number of participants. Anyway, according to the investigations conducted in this area, the highest records of these side effects are observed in Norway, which is still low. Overall, through studying this study and other similar ones, politicians, managers, and even ordinary people can be informed about the pros and cons of this vaccine.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeil pour, H. Nasri
Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy is a rare form of glomerular disease that can lead to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. While the cause of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy is currently unknown, it is thought to be related to abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) structure and function. In this condition, the podocytes fold inward and form pockets or invaginations. This can lead to damage and scarring of the glomeruli, impairing kidney function. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical and laboratory tests, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy better and develop more effective treatments for this condition. Symptoms of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy may include proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased kidney function. Treatment options may include medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria and immunosuppressive therapy to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of kidney damage.
{"title":"Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy; current concepts","authors":"Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeil pour, H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35221","url":null,"abstract":"Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy is a rare form of glomerular disease that can lead to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. While the cause of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy is currently unknown, it is thought to be related to abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) structure and function. In this condition, the podocytes fold inward and form pockets or invaginations. This can lead to damage and scarring of the glomeruli, impairing kidney function. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical and laboratory tests, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy better and develop more effective treatments for this condition. Symptoms of podocyte infolding glomerulopathy may include proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased kidney function. Treatment options may include medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria and immunosuppressive therapy to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of kidney damage.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81944082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Alem, Maryam Farahmandsadr, Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeil pour, H. Nasri
Collapsing glomerulopathy has been delineated as the most common morphological feature in COVID-19 individuals presenting with rapidly progressive renal failure and massive proteinuria. This condition, also known as COVID-19-associated nephropathy, has a poor prognosis. In COVID-19-related collapsing glomerulopathy, an immune dysfunction-mediated "second hit" to podocytes of African origin with APOL1 risk alleles was suggested. However, further research is still required to clarify this aspect of glomerulopathy.
{"title":"Collapsing glomerulopathy following COVID 19 infection; a mini-review to the recent data","authors":"Leila Alem, Maryam Farahmandsadr, Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeil pour, H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35223","url":null,"abstract":"Collapsing glomerulopathy has been delineated as the most common morphological feature in COVID-19 individuals presenting with rapidly progressive renal failure and massive proteinuria. This condition, also known as COVID-19-associated nephropathy, has a poor prognosis. In COVID-19-related collapsing glomerulopathy, an immune dysfunction-mediated \"second hit\" to podocytes of African origin with APOL1 risk alleles was suggested. However, further research is still required to clarify this aspect of glomerulopathy.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77863510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Ebrahimi, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Edris Ghezeljeh, Shima Shirzaeinezhad, S. A. Aghapour
Introduction: The total eosinophil count is a marker of asthmatic activity and can be helpful in the early diagnosis of asthma attacks and in determining appropriate steroid doses. However, in some asthmatic patients, the blood eosinophil count may be within the normal range, and the eosinophil level may not necessarily be elevated in patients with bronchial asthma. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency distribution of eosinophil and neutrophil percentages in peripheral blood smears of children experiencing asthma attacks. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of children with severe asthmatic attacks treated at Ayatollah Taleghani hospital in Gorgan between 2016 and 2020. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the participants to evaluate the neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Results: Out of the 180 medical records analyzed, only 1.7% of patients had eosinophil counts above the normal range, while 86.7% had neutrophil counts above the normal range. The results showed an inverse relationship between the age of patients and their peripheral blood eosinophil levels, although this relationship was not statistically significant (r=-0.06, P=0.41). There was a significant relationship between the neutrophil percentage and the age of the patients; however, this relationship was also not statistically significant (r=0.03, P=0.96). Conclusion: The percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood can be a reliable predictor for assessing the severity of asthma.
{"title":"Frequency distribution of neutrophil and eosinophil count in children with asthmatic attack referring to Taleghani hospital in Gorgan in 2016-2020","authors":"Mohsen Ebrahimi, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Edris Ghezeljeh, Shima Shirzaeinezhad, S. A. Aghapour","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2023.35204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2023.35204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The total eosinophil count is a marker of asthmatic activity and can be helpful in the early diagnosis of asthma attacks and in determining appropriate steroid doses. However, in some asthmatic patients, the blood eosinophil count may be within the normal range, and the eosinophil level may not necessarily be elevated in patients with bronchial asthma. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency distribution of eosinophil and neutrophil percentages in peripheral blood smears of children experiencing asthma attacks. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of children with severe asthmatic attacks treated at Ayatollah Taleghani hospital in Gorgan between 2016 and 2020. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the participants to evaluate the neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Results: Out of the 180 medical records analyzed, only 1.7% of patients had eosinophil counts above the normal range, while 86.7% had neutrophil counts above the normal range. The results showed an inverse relationship between the age of patients and their peripheral blood eosinophil levels, although this relationship was not statistically significant (r=-0.06, P=0.41). There was a significant relationship between the neutrophil percentage and the age of the patients; however, this relationship was also not statistically significant (r=0.03, P=0.96). Conclusion: The percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood can be a reliable predictor for assessing the severity of asthma.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90184305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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