Ghazal Ghasempoor Dabaghi, Mehrdad Rabiee Rad, M. Mubarak, Romina Amir Sardari, Golnaz K Holm, H. Nasri
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, its incidence and prevalence vary depending on racial and geographical factors. IgAN is a highly heterogeneous disease with wide clinical and pathological variability. The defining and consistent feature of IgAN is the dominance or co-dominance of IgA deposits in the glomeruli on immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. However, recent reports suggest that a number of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) cases also exhibit dominance or co-dominance of IgA deposits on IF microscopy. Therefore, a debate has arisen on labeling these cases either as infection-related IgAN (a form of secondary IgAN) or IgA-dominant PIGN. Although the majority favors the later nosology, this issue has remained unresolved, as is the issue of labelling this condition as PIGN when, in fact, the infection is often intercurrent, and no latent period is found in this condition. This brief narrative review aims to discuss the salient features of this condition and issues related to its nomenclature.
{"title":"Infection-related immunoglobulin A nephropathy or IgA-dominant postinfectious glomerulonephritis; what is in a name?","authors":"Ghazal Ghasempoor Dabaghi, Mehrdad Rabiee Rad, M. Mubarak, Romina Amir Sardari, Golnaz K Holm, H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.30","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, its incidence and prevalence vary depending on racial and geographical factors. IgAN is a highly heterogeneous disease with wide clinical and pathological variability. The defining and consistent feature of IgAN is the dominance or co-dominance of IgA deposits in the glomeruli on immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. However, recent reports suggest that a number of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) cases also exhibit dominance or co-dominance of IgA deposits on IF microscopy. Therefore, a debate has arisen on labeling these cases either as infection-related IgAN (a form of secondary IgAN) or IgA-dominant PIGN. Although the majority favors the later nosology, this issue has remained unresolved, as is the issue of labelling this condition as PIGN when, in fact, the infection is often intercurrent, and no latent period is found in this condition. This brief narrative review aims to discuss the salient features of this condition and issues related to its nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87581062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ehsan Allah Kalteh, Shaker Salari lak, A. Taghizadeh Afshari, H. Khalkhali, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh
Introduction: Maintaining and enhancing the quality of life (QOL) of living kidney donors are an essential measure for expressing health outcomes and consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate kidney donors’ QOL at the transplant center of the Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia, Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 30 kidney donors between the years 1997-2014 at the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia. To this end, a QOL questionnaire was completed and data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, 90% (27) of the donors were male. The mean age of the donors at the time of examination and the duration of nephrectomy was 38 ± 9.48 and 7.36 ± 4.62 years, respectively. Fifty percent of the donors had a leave of absence more than 4 weeks after nephrectomy. The mean score of physical function, physical role, emotional role, vitality, mental health, social functioning, bodily pain, and general health was 77.66±25.88, 69.16±35.16, 54.44±45.04, 61.33±17.06, 64.26±19.56, 66.25±22.54, 81.25±18.75, and 61.83±21.83, respectively. However, none of the variables had a significant statistical relationship with QOL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Donors’ QOL is lower in Iran than in other countries. It is suggested to conduct studies with a larger sample size and an appropriate control group.
维持和提高活体肾供者的生活质量(QOL)是表达健康结果和后果的重要措施。目的:本研究旨在调查伊朗乌尔米亚伊玛目霍梅尼医院移植中心肾供者的生活质量。患者和方法:这项回顾性队列研究对1997年至2014年在乌尔米亚伊玛目霍梅尼医院的30名肾脏捐赠者进行了研究。为此，完成一份生活质量问卷，并使用SPSS version 22进行数据分析。结果:本研究中90%(27例)的献血者为男性。供体检查时的平均年龄为38±9.48岁，切除时间为7.36±4.62岁。50%的捐赠者在肾切除术后休假超过4周。身体功能、身体角色、情绪角色、活力、心理健康、社会功能、身体疼痛、一般健康的平均得分分别为77.66±25.88、69.16±35.16、54.44±45.04、61.33±17.06、64.26±19.56、66.25±22.54、81.25±18.75、61.83±21.83。但各变量与生活质量均无统计学意义相关(P<0.05)。结论:伊朗献血者的生活质量低于其他国家。建议采用更大的样本量和适当的对照组进行研究。
{"title":"Study of the quality of life in kidney donors at a transplant center in Urmia, Iran","authors":"Ehsan Allah Kalteh, Shaker Salari lak, A. Taghizadeh Afshari, H. Khalkhali, M. Ghelichi-Ghojogh","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maintaining and enhancing the quality of life (QOL) of living kidney donors are an essential measure for expressing health outcomes and consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate kidney donors’ QOL at the transplant center of the Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia, Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 30 kidney donors between the years 1997-2014 at the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia. To this end, a QOL questionnaire was completed and data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, 90% (27) of the donors were male. The mean age of the donors at the time of examination and the duration of nephrectomy was 38 ± 9.48 and 7.36 ± 4.62 years, respectively. Fifty percent of the donors had a leave of absence more than 4 weeks after nephrectomy. The mean score of physical function, physical role, emotional role, vitality, mental health, social functioning, bodily pain, and general health was 77.66±25.88, 69.16±35.16, 54.44±45.04, 61.33±17.06, 64.26±19.56, 66.25±22.54, 81.25±18.75, and 61.83±21.83, respectively. However, none of the variables had a significant statistical relationship with QOL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Donors’ QOL is lower in Iran than in other countries. It is suggested to conduct studies with a larger sample size and an appropriate control group.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85801716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barahman, M. Bahadoram, Omid Madani Khoshbakh, M. Mahmoudian-sani
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the first cause of cancer death in women. This tumor often has hormonal receptors. The absence of these hormonal receptors leads to inability to treat the normal hormonal methods correctly. Objectives: In the present study, frequency of triple negative breast cancer in referrals patients to all patients with breast cancer involvement was investigated. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast cancer. Accordingly, all patients with breast cancer involvement who referred to Firoozgar hospital from 2016 Until 2019 were evaluated sensually. The extracted parameters included the age, the status of the hormonal receptors in terms of positive or negative, and the degree of tumor based on the pathology in the case. Results: In this study, 1840 patients were diagnosed with malignancies, of which 266 (14.5%) were infected with a variety of breast malignancies negative triple breast was 48 patients (20.6%). Mean and standard deviation of patients with triple negative malignancy were 47.63 ± 13.34 years. We also observed the stage of breast cancer, the second most common stage (23 patients and 47.9%), and the first stage with the lowest incidence (4 patients and 8.3%) among patients. Conclusion: Considering the increased use of chemotherapy in treating this type of malignancy and the high cost of treatment in these patients, this malignancy should be considered in order to identify the disease early in order to plan for proper health and reduce the cost of the treatment.
{"title":"Frequency of triple negative breast cancer in referrals patients to an oncology radiotherapy section","authors":"M. Barahman, M. Bahadoram, Omid Madani Khoshbakh, M. Mahmoudian-sani","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the first cause of cancer death in women. This tumor often has hormonal receptors. The absence of these hormonal receptors leads to inability to treat the normal hormonal methods correctly. Objectives: In the present study, frequency of triple negative breast cancer in referrals patients to all patients with breast cancer involvement was investigated. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast cancer. Accordingly, all patients with breast cancer involvement who referred to Firoozgar hospital from 2016 Until 2019 were evaluated sensually. The extracted parameters included the age, the status of the hormonal receptors in terms of positive or negative, and the degree of tumor based on the pathology in the case. Results: In this study, 1840 patients were diagnosed with malignancies, of which 266 (14.5%) were infected with a variety of breast malignancies negative triple breast was 48 patients (20.6%). Mean and standard deviation of patients with triple negative malignancy were 47.63 ± 13.34 years. We also observed the stage of breast cancer, the second most common stage (23 patients and 47.9%), and the first stage with the lowest incidence (4 patients and 8.3%) among patients. Conclusion: Considering the increased use of chemotherapy in treating this type of malignancy and the high cost of treatment in these patients, this malignancy should be considered in order to identify the disease early in order to plan for proper health and reduce the cost of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76525524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Saeedi-Boroujeni, M. Bahadoram, B. Keikhaei, M. Mahmoudian-sani, Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeilpour
Cytokine storm and destructive inflammation in the severe form of COVID-19 lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI), and dysfunction of several different body organs in patients. SARS-CoV-2 contains all inflammasome-activating proteins belonging to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. Macrolides are known to possess immunomodulatory properties. Given the desirable results of azithromycin treatment for patients with a severe case of COVID-19, based on studies, it could be concluded that the immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin to inhibit inflammasome can help the treatment of patients with this disease.
{"title":"Inhibiting inflammasome; the possible mechanisms of action of azithromycin against COVID-19?","authors":"A. Saeedi-Boroujeni, M. Bahadoram, B. Keikhaei, M. Mahmoudian-sani, Azadeh Khayyat, Mohammad Ali Esmaeilpour","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokine storm and destructive inflammation in the severe form of COVID-19 lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI), and dysfunction of several different body organs in patients. SARS-CoV-2 contains all inflammasome-activating proteins belonging to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. Macrolides are known to possess immunomodulatory properties. Given the desirable results of azithromycin treatment for patients with a severe case of COVID-19, based on studies, it could be concluded that the immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin to inhibit inflammasome can help the treatment of patients with this disease.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86832336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Soheili, S. Khani, Sadra Montazeri, Arash Shayegh, Misaagh Haji Miragha, M. Jameie, Laya Jalilian Khave, Ghazal Sanadgol, Dorsa Shirini, Saba Ilkhani, Y. Keshmiri, S. Nematollahi, M. Karami, Elahe Taziki
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although the rate of AKI among these patients is not high, their outcome could be much worse than the other patients. Serum creatinine rise along with other laboratory findings may help as a clinical predictor of COVID-19 disease prognosis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the incidence and possible predictors of AKI occurrence and its outcome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective observational study of 946 hospital-admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 between March 20, 2020 and May 9, 2020, we described AKI incidence and its stages along with their association with demographic data, comorbidities, habitual and past-medical history, and laboratory findings using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of participants was 55.6 (±18.7) years of which 60.4% were male. The most and least frequent underlying diseases were hypertension and chronic liver disease, 20.1% and 1.5%, respectively. Among patients with AKI, 45.9% had a higher age mean and female sex was more prevalent. In addition, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease were more common in patients with AKI compared to patients without AKI. Moreover, AKI patients had lower oxygen saturation and mean levels of lymphocytes and higher mean levels of LDH and CKMB in comparison with no AKI group on admission. Overall, 80% of the patients were discharged (i.e. alive), of which 63.7% were non-severe patients and 19.4% of the patients expired during hospitalization. Conclusion: Comorbidities were more prevalent among AKI groups. Female and older patients were more prone to AKI during COVID-19 progression. The level of CK-MB was also higher in AKI group, suggesting probable cardiac injury. Lymphopenia and leukocytosis may be poor-prognostic factors for both AKI and COVID-19.
{"title":"COVID-19 and acute kidney injury presentation; stages and prognosis","authors":"A. Soheili, S. Khani, Sadra Montazeri, Arash Shayegh, Misaagh Haji Miragha, M. Jameie, Laya Jalilian Khave, Ghazal Sanadgol, Dorsa Shirini, Saba Ilkhani, Y. Keshmiri, S. Nematollahi, M. Karami, Elahe Taziki","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although the rate of AKI among these patients is not high, their outcome could be much worse than the other patients. Serum creatinine rise along with other laboratory findings may help as a clinical predictor of COVID-19 disease prognosis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the incidence and possible predictors of AKI occurrence and its outcome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective observational study of 946 hospital-admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 between March 20, 2020 and May 9, 2020, we described AKI incidence and its stages along with their association with demographic data, comorbidities, habitual and past-medical history, and laboratory findings using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of participants was 55.6 (±18.7) years of which 60.4% were male. The most and least frequent underlying diseases were hypertension and chronic liver disease, 20.1% and 1.5%, respectively. Among patients with AKI, 45.9% had a higher age mean and female sex was more prevalent. In addition, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease were more common in patients with AKI compared to patients without AKI. Moreover, AKI patients had lower oxygen saturation and mean levels of lymphocytes and higher mean levels of LDH and CKMB in comparison with no AKI group on admission. Overall, 80% of the patients were discharged (i.e. alive), of which 63.7% were non-severe patients and 19.4% of the patients expired during hospitalization. Conclusion: Comorbidities were more prevalent among AKI groups. Female and older patients were more prone to AKI during COVID-19 progression. The level of CK-MB was also higher in AKI group, suggesting probable cardiac injury. Lymphopenia and leukocytosis may be poor-prognostic factors for both AKI and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75505147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behrouz Shayestefard, N. Kia, Masoumeh Alimohammadi, E. Ghods
Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Newborn screening program considerably increases probability of CH diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of running CH screening program to maintain normal IQ and physical growth of hypothyroid children in Semnan city. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on children with definite CH who were treated and followed up in Semnan health centers. Around 41 children born within 2008-2013 (minimum three years of age) participated. Respective weight and height for age were measured. The Z-scores were calculated based on the WHO-Anthro-Anthro Plus Software. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured with Wechsler Intelligence Score for children-revised (WISC-R). Data analyzed with one-tailed t test compared with age and gender-matched group. Results: The mean IQ Score in our study group was 90.09 (1.73) with no significant difference compared to healthy counterparts (P > 0.05). Z-score for weight and height was -0.46 and -0.45 prospectively and was not significantly different from normal children. Conclusion: Newborn screening program for CH has been effective in preventing mental retardation and growth failure.
简介:先天性甲状腺功能减退症(CH)是最常见的可预防的智力低下的原因。新生儿筛查计划大大增加了诊断和治疗CH的可能性。目的:探讨在塞南市开展CH筛查项目对维持甲状腺功能低下儿童正常智商和体格发育的效果。患者和方法:本研究对在Semnan卫生中心接受治疗和随访的明确CH患儿进行。约41名2008-2013年出生的儿童(至少3岁)参加了调查。分别测量了年龄的体重和身高。z分数是根据who - human - anthro Plus软件计算的。采用韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-R)测定智商。数据分析采用单尾t检验，与年龄和性别匹配组进行比较。结果:研究组平均智商得分为90.09分(1.73分)，与健康组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。体重和身高的Z-score分别为-0.46和-0.45，与正常儿童无显著差异。结论:新生儿CH筛查可有效预防智力发育迟滞和生长衰竭。
{"title":"Effectiveness of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism","authors":"Behrouz Shayestefard, N. Kia, Masoumeh Alimohammadi, E. Ghods","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Newborn screening program considerably increases probability of CH diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of running CH screening program to maintain normal IQ and physical growth of hypothyroid children in Semnan city. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on children with definite CH who were treated and followed up in Semnan health centers. Around 41 children born within 2008-2013 (minimum three years of age) participated. Respective weight and height for age were measured. The Z-scores were calculated based on the WHO-Anthro-Anthro Plus Software. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured with Wechsler Intelligence Score for children-revised (WISC-R). Data analyzed with one-tailed t test compared with age and gender-matched group. Results: The mean IQ Score in our study group was 90.09 (1.73) with no significant difference compared to healthy counterparts (P > 0.05). Z-score for weight and height was -0.46 and -0.45 prospectively and was not significantly different from normal children. Conclusion: Newborn screening program for CH has been effective in preventing mental retardation and growth failure.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90508494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease accounts for the highest number of deaths in most industrialized countries and it is increasing in developing countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the deadliest cardiovascular disease. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species can cause membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired regulation of vascular and cardiac cells. Objectives: The present study is an analytical case-control study that tried to estimate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-c, in CHD patients. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four subjects (male) older than 30 years old who referred to the hospital for angiography after coronary angiography were divided into case and control groups. Subsequently, 10 cc of blood was taken from the subjects. Catalase and SOD activities in erythrocytes were measured by calorimetry and enzymatic inhibition, respectively. Total HDL-c, LDL-c, TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kit. Results: Regarding the P values, the variables of TG, HDL cholesterol, SOD, MDA, TG/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c are effective. Comparison the mean of MDA in two groups of treatment and control showed a significant difference between mean of MDA between two groups. Significant differences were also observed for TG values for the two groups of control (94.03 ± 31.06 mg/dL) and treatment (80.78±160.01 mg/dL). Conclusion: Antioxidant status of patients with CAD was lower than normal subjects. In addition, disturbance in lipid profile parameters confirmed in CAD patients; while TG increased in those patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress factors and lipid profile in patients suffered from stroke heart disease with coronary artery obstruction","authors":"Karim Nematpour Beyraq, M. Djalali, M. Mahmoudi","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular disease accounts for the highest number of deaths in most industrialized countries and it is increasing in developing countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the deadliest cardiovascular disease. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species can cause membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired regulation of vascular and cardiac cells. Objectives: The present study is an analytical case-control study that tried to estimate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-c, in CHD patients. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four subjects (male) older than 30 years old who referred to the hospital for angiography after coronary angiography were divided into case and control groups. Subsequently, 10 cc of blood was taken from the subjects. Catalase and SOD activities in erythrocytes were measured by calorimetry and enzymatic inhibition, respectively. Total HDL-c, LDL-c, TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kit. Results: Regarding the P values, the variables of TG, HDL cholesterol, SOD, MDA, TG/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c are effective. Comparison the mean of MDA in two groups of treatment and control showed a significant difference between mean of MDA between two groups. Significant differences were also observed for TG values for the two groups of control (94.03 ± 31.06 mg/dL) and treatment (80.78±160.01 mg/dL). Conclusion: Antioxidant status of patients with CAD was lower than normal subjects. In addition, disturbance in lipid profile parameters confirmed in CAD patients; while TG increased in those patients.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80418631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, caused by the novel human coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in late 2019, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Unfortunately, despite many efforts to find cures for SARS-CoV-2 disease, still the management of severe cases remains challenging. In severe forms of COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines are notably elevated (3) and reminiscent of the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). According to many studies, immune imbalance and an uncontrolled massive release of inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in COVID-19 severity and ARDS pathophysiology. Accordingly, targeting the over-activated immune system to prevent tissue damage is now one of the most noticed possible strategies to manage severe COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we reviewed studies and clinical trials conducted in this regard.
{"title":"Prospective approach to manage COVID-19-related cytokine storm; an updated review on current concepts","authors":"Mohaddeseh Bahmani, Lillian Saberian","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.20","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, caused by the novel human coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in late 2019, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Unfortunately, despite many efforts to find cures for SARS-CoV-2 disease, still the management of severe cases remains challenging. In severe forms of COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines are notably elevated (3) and reminiscent of the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). According to many studies, immune imbalance and an uncontrolled massive release of inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in COVID-19 severity and ARDS pathophysiology. Accordingly, targeting the over-activated immune system to prevent tissue damage is now one of the most noticed possible strategies to manage severe COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we reviewed studies and clinical trials conducted in this regard.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77572959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hemodialysis is one of the most common methods of treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). The start time of dialysis is determined depending on the clinical findings and subjective and objective parameters. However, factors such as patient perception and anxiety related to starting dialysis can modify these parameters. Patients on hemodialysis often have gastrointestinal complications; however, it is unclear whether Helicobacter pylori infection is more prevalent in these patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of levels of H. pylori antibody in hemodialysis patients and its relationship with demographic and biochemical factors of hemodialysis patients in a hemodialysis center. Patients and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional and the target population of patients is the hemodialysis center of Amin hospital in 2019. The sampling method was a non-probabilistic sampling. The sample size in the present study was 85 people. The collected information was entered into SPSS software version 22 and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. The significance level in the present study was less than 0.05. Results: In total, 85 patients participated in the present study, of which 68% were men and the rest were women. The cut-off point and the positive and negative border of laboratory results for H. pylori were 18.8 U/mL. The mean level of H. pylori antibody was 87.353 ± 104.17 U/mL. In this study, significant relationship between the level of H. pylori antibody and Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was detected. PTH level was lower in patients with a positive result for H. pylori. No further relationship was detected between H. pylori infection and biochemical parameters and blood indices, as well as Kt/V and urea reduction rate (URR) was detected. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the mean level of H. pylori antibody between men and women. Accordingly, there was no significant correlation between H. pylori antibody level and age of patients, duration and number of dialysis sessions and body mass index. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mean level of PTH was significantly lower in patients with a positive result for H. pylori. No significant relationship was observed between H. pylori infection with other demographic and biochemical factors.
{"title":"Frequency of Helicobacter pylori in patients hemodialysis its correlation with demographic and biochemical factors; a single center study","authors":"A. Rostami, H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hemodialysis is one of the most common methods of treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). The start time of dialysis is determined depending on the clinical findings and subjective and objective parameters. However, factors such as patient perception and anxiety related to starting dialysis can modify these parameters. Patients on hemodialysis often have gastrointestinal complications; however, it is unclear whether Helicobacter pylori infection is more prevalent in these patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of levels of H. pylori antibody in hemodialysis patients and its relationship with demographic and biochemical factors of hemodialysis patients in a hemodialysis center. Patients and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional and the target population of patients is the hemodialysis center of Amin hospital in 2019. The sampling method was a non-probabilistic sampling. The sample size in the present study was 85 people. The collected information was entered into SPSS software version 22 and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. The significance level in the present study was less than 0.05. Results: In total, 85 patients participated in the present study, of which 68% were men and the rest were women. The cut-off point and the positive and negative border of laboratory results for H. pylori were 18.8 U/mL. The mean level of H. pylori antibody was 87.353 ± 104.17 U/mL. In this study, significant relationship between the level of H. pylori antibody and Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was detected. PTH level was lower in patients with a positive result for H. pylori. No further relationship was detected between H. pylori infection and biochemical parameters and blood indices, as well as Kt/V and urea reduction rate (URR) was detected. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the mean level of H. pylori antibody between men and women. Accordingly, there was no significant correlation between H. pylori antibody level and age of patients, duration and number of dialysis sessions and body mass index. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mean level of PTH was significantly lower in patients with a positive result for H. pylori. No significant relationship was observed between H. pylori infection with other demographic and biochemical factors.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85568784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghorbani, Nasrin Moradi, Bahareh Behzadi, T. Shahani, M. Mousavi, Saeid Fathi
Introduction: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that annually causes four million deaths in the world. It is not just a disease, however a series of metabolic disorders caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Considering the importance of diet in the incidence and complications of diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary acid load with diabetes, which has recently been considered. Methods: This meta-analysis was first performed as a systematic review by searching in Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Springer, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Scopus, as well as domestic databases including Magiran, SID, Irandoc, and Google Scholar. A total of 1511 articles were found that after reviewing and excluding irrelevant articles, five were included in the study. Results: In the present study, a significantly high heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 61.5, P = 0.01). A random effect model was used and the studies were weighted using the inverse-variance method. The odds ratio (OR) obtained from the meta-analysis was 1.17 (1.12-1.22). Examination of publication bias showed that the studies were symmetrically distributed in the funnel plot. Egger’s and Begg’s tests were also performed that showed no evidence for the existence of publication bias [Egger’s test (P ≥ 0.79) and Begg’s test (P ≥ 0.69)]. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between dietary acid load and the incidence of diabetes. This result is similar to most studies on the subject, except for one study, which was limited to the elderly male population. The number of studies in the present meta-analysis was low due to the limited number of research in this field.
{"title":"Investigating the relationship between dietary acid load and risk of diabetes; a meta-analysis","authors":"M. Ghorbani, Nasrin Moradi, Bahareh Behzadi, T. Shahani, M. Mousavi, Saeid Fathi","doi":"10.34172/jpe.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that annually causes four million deaths in the world. It is not just a disease, however a series of metabolic disorders caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Considering the importance of diet in the incidence and complications of diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary acid load with diabetes, which has recently been considered. Methods: This meta-analysis was first performed as a systematic review by searching in Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Springer, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Scopus, as well as domestic databases including Magiran, SID, Irandoc, and Google Scholar. A total of 1511 articles were found that after reviewing and excluding irrelevant articles, five were included in the study. Results: In the present study, a significantly high heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 61.5, P = 0.01). A random effect model was used and the studies were weighted using the inverse-variance method. The odds ratio (OR) obtained from the meta-analysis was 1.17 (1.12-1.22). Examination of publication bias showed that the studies were symmetrically distributed in the funnel plot. Egger’s and Begg’s tests were also performed that showed no evidence for the existence of publication bias [Egger’s test (P ≥ 0.79) and Begg’s test (P ≥ 0.69)]. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between dietary acid load and the incidence of diabetes. This result is similar to most studies on the subject, except for one study, which was limited to the elderly male population. The number of studies in the present meta-analysis was low due to the limited number of research in this field.","PeriodicalId":91739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and preventive medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86272310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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