Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第3页

Piecewise physics-informed neural networks for surrogate modelling of non-smooth system in elasticity problems using domain decomposition

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.017

Youngjoon Jeong , Sangik Lee , Jong-hyuk Lee , Won Choi

To interpret physical phenomena, traditional mesh-based methods, such as finite element method, have proven effective for engineering problems. However, as system complexity increases, whether due to larger scales, finer resolutions, or intricate geometries, these methods face significant limitations in term of computational cost and time. Complex problems, particularly those involving irregular boundaries or nonlinear behaviour, require finer meshes and greater computational power, making real-time analysis difficult. This challenge is especially relevant in agricultural systems, which are subject to high uncertainty and constantly changing environmental conditions. In this study, we proposed a method referred to as piecewise physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve non-smooth problems in structural mechanics using neural networks by decomposing the computational domain. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of this method, three representative structural mechanics problems with non-smooth characteristics are employed. Results demonstrated that the piecewise PINNs provided more accurate solutions compared to conventional PINNs on these benchmark problems. Additionally, we developed a surrogate model for the non-smooth problems using piecewise PINNs without any labelled data and compared it with a model trained using deep neural networks. The proposed model outperformed the deep neural network model in cases of plane-stress problem. The results also showed that the surrogate model trained with piecewise PINNs exhibited an advantage in terms of execution time over the finite element analysis software.

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引用次数: 0

Study of pollen deposition performance of an airflow-assisted targeted pollinating device for kiwi fruit flower

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.010

Junyu Sun , Daxi Wang , Xutong Xiao , Qiang Yu , Xuanrong Xu , Yanfei Liu , Zhande Liu , Fuxi Shi

Successful delivery and a sufficient quantity of pollen to stigmas are critical factors in improving fruit shape and weight, increasing pollination accuracy and decreasing pollen consumption, which have practical and financial benefits in large-scale agriculture. First, the adhesion structure of pollen-on-stigma was observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adhesion force was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that there is a natural adhesive adaptability between pollen and stigma. Then, an optimal design approach for pollinator was proposed to maximize pollen deposition fraction in targeting pollination. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was adopted to simulate the impact of airflow on pollen deposition; and the discrete phase model (DPM) was employed to track the particles’ trajectory and distribution on target area. The dependability of simulation was verified by experimental results obtained under identical parameters. Three airflow delivery velocities were selected with three protrusion heights, three feeding positions, and three contraction conical angles on the deposition fraction of pollen were investigated. The results indicated that the contraction conical angle of pollinator pipe has the greatest impact on targeted delivery of pollen, the best pollen distribution and the maximum deposition fraction occurring at 10°. An airflow delivery velocity of 3 m s⁻¹ is optimal for pollination operations. Once the optimal contraction conical angle and airflow delivery velocity are determined, the protrusion height of 7 mm combined with the feeding position of 15 mm can offer better deposition efficiency. Computational and experimental results are helpful for further pollination design.

{"title":"Study of pollen deposition performance of an airflow-assisted targeted pollinating device for kiwi fruit flower","authors":"Junyu Sun , Daxi Wang , Xutong Xiao , Qiang Yu , Xuanrong Xu , Yanfei Liu , Zhande Liu , Fuxi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful delivery and a sufficient quantity of pollen to stigmas are critical factors in improving fruit shape and weight, increasing pollination accuracy and decreasing pollen consumption, which have practical and financial benefits in large-scale agriculture. First, the adhesion structure of pollen-on-stigma was observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adhesion force was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that there is a natural adhesive adaptability between pollen and stigma. Then, an optimal design approach for pollinator was proposed to maximize pollen deposition fraction in targeting pollination. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was adopted to simulate the impact of airflow on pollen deposition; and the discrete phase model (DPM) was employed to track the particles’ trajectory and distribution on target area. The dependability of simulation was verified by experimental results obtained under identical parameters. Three airflow delivery velocities were selected with three protrusion heights, three feeding positions, and three contraction conical angles on the deposition fraction of pollen were investigated. The results indicated that the contraction conical angle of pollinator pipe has the greatest impact on targeted delivery of pollen, the best pollen distribution and the maximum deposition fraction occurring at 10°. An airflow delivery velocity of 3 m s<sup>−1</sup> is optimal for pollination operations. Once the optimal contraction conical angle and airflow delivery velocity are determined, the protrusion height of 7 mm combined with the feeding position of 15 mm can offer better deposition efficiency. Computational and experimental results are helpful for further pollination design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"251 ","pages":"Pages 31-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual model of kenaf bast fibres based on solid mechanics and finite element study

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.013

Suhaiza Hanim Hanipah , Nur Farah Najia C. Hassan , Ahmad Tarmezee Talib , Mohd Afandi P Mohammed , Minato Wakisaka , Zalizawati Abdullah

Kenaf fibres are gaining traction as a promising eco-friendly material due to their renewability and impressive mechanical strength. This study explored kenaf's potential to replace traditional materials by investigating its microstructure using advanced techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Microtomography and Atomic Force Microscopy. These analyses were complimented with tensile tests to investigate the complex mechanical behaviour of kenaf fibres. The experimental results revealed the microstructure of kenaf fibres, showing no significant differences over the fibre width and longitudinal direction. Tensile tests results from tensile-cyclic and tensile-relaxation modes, suggest elasto-viscoelastic behaviour of the fibres. A finite element model to virtually represent kenaf fibres was developed using the experimental information. Model simulations under tensile, compression and shear deformations suggest that damage was more pronounced under shear and compression conditions compared to tensile mode.

{"title":"Virtual model of kenaf bast fibres based on solid mechanics and finite element study","authors":"Suhaiza Hanim Hanipah , Nur Farah Najia C. Hassan , Ahmad Tarmezee Talib , Mohd Afandi P Mohammed , Minato Wakisaka , Zalizawati Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kenaf fibres are gaining traction as a promising eco-friendly material due to their renewability and impressive mechanical strength. This study explored kenaf's potential to replace traditional materials by investigating its microstructure using advanced techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Microtomography and Atomic Force Microscopy. These analyses were complimented with tensile tests to investigate the complex mechanical behaviour of kenaf fibres. The experimental results revealed the microstructure of kenaf fibres, showing no significant differences over the fibre width and longitudinal direction. Tensile tests results from tensile-cyclic and tensile-relaxation modes, suggest elasto-viscoelastic behaviour of the fibres. A finite element model to virtually represent kenaf fibres was developed using the experimental information. Model simulations under tensile, compression and shear deformations suggest that damage was more pronounced under shear and compression conditions compared to tensile mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"251 ","pages":"Pages 20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties and critical state characteristics of maize root-soil composites at different soil depths

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.014

Xuejie Ma , Zhihong Yu , Min Liu , Jingli Wang , Qiang Su , Jianchao Zhang , Jingjing Xie , Tao Wang

The complex distribution characteristics of root-soil composites pose challenges in understanding their mechanical behaviour during conservation tillage. This study aims to analyse mechanical parameters of root-soil composites at different soil depths, considering root distribution, and establish an empirical critical state model. Three layers were defined based on root density distribution: Shallow Aggregated Root Zone (SARZ: 0–60 mm), Middle Enriched Root Zone (MERZ: 60–150 mm), and Deep Extended Root Zone (DERZ: 150–210 mm). Triaxial tests revealed varying shear strengths, with MERZ exhibiting the highest and SARZ the lowest. The Duncan-Chang model parameters, initial modulus of deformation, and initial Poisson's ratio were significantly influenced by soil depth, mirroring shear strength trends. An empirical formula incorporating soil layer depth into the Duncan-Chang model was proposed. Critical state stress ratios for SARZ and MERZ were determined as 0.93 and 1.11, respectively, quantifying their relationship with soil depth and root distribution. This study provides theoretical and parameter support for understanding the failure mechanism of root-soil composites.

{"title":"Mechanical properties and critical state characteristics of maize root-soil composites at different soil depths","authors":"Xuejie Ma , Zhihong Yu , Min Liu , Jingli Wang , Qiang Su , Jianchao Zhang , Jingjing Xie , Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex distribution characteristics of root-soil composites pose challenges in understanding their mechanical behaviour during conservation tillage. This study aims to analyse mechanical parameters of root-soil composites at different soil depths, considering root distribution, and establish an empirical critical state model. Three layers were defined based on root density distribution: Shallow Aggregated Root Zone (SARZ: 0–60 mm), Middle Enriched Root Zone (MERZ: 60–150 mm), and Deep Extended Root Zone (DERZ: 150–210 mm). Triaxial tests revealed varying shear strengths, with MERZ exhibiting the highest and SARZ the lowest. The Duncan-Chang model parameters, initial modulus of deformation, and initial Poisson's ratio were significantly influenced by soil depth, mirroring shear strength trends. An empirical formula incorporating soil layer depth into the Duncan-Chang model was proposed. Critical state stress ratios for SARZ and MERZ were determined as 0.93 and 1.11, respectively, quantifying their relationship with soil depth and root distribution. This study provides theoretical and parameter support for understanding the failure mechanism of root-soil composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"250 ","pages":"Pages 163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A lettuce growth model responding to a broad range of greenhouse climates

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.008

Weituo Sun , Anne Coules , Chunjiang Zhao , Chungui Lu

Crop models serve as a basis for optimal management of greenhouse climate, while the current simulations for lettuce growth are incomplete. This study presents a lettuce growth model that describes the effects of a broad range of greenhouse climates, including air temperature with extreme conditions, humidity, CO₂ concentration, and shortwave radiation on dynamics of the single state variable, structural crop dry weight. The proposed model framework performs two parallel sets of mass flows: dry matter accumulation and buffer evolution. The buffer carbohydrates flow to growth conversion based on the temperature-dependent sink strength. The inhibition of canopy assimilation occurs when the carbohydrate storage approaches the buffer capacity. The humidity effects are incorporated by describing stomatal resistance and specific leaf area of new leaves. The model was first calibrated at both sub-model and model levels and then validated against data collected in three experiments, covering a broad range of greenhouse climates. Results demonstrated that the model performance was good and acceptable; the simulated crop dry weights closely mirrored the measured values, with the RRMSE of 10.5–24.9% and the RMSE of 0.0070–0.0131 kg m⁻². The model predicted the leaf area index with an RRMSE of 12.1–54.7% and performed well for the vegetative growth stage concerned by commercial production. The photosynthesis inhibition time accounted for 27–41% of the total photosynthesis time, indicating that the model framework and underlying hypothesis worked in simulations. The developed model, simulating instantaneous lettuce dynamics for the potential situation, can be applied to low-tech greenhouses and enables optimal control of all four climate factors.

{"title":"A lettuce growth model responding to a broad range of greenhouse climates","authors":"Weituo Sun , Anne Coules , Chunjiang Zhao , Chungui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop models serve as a basis for optimal management of greenhouse climate, while the current simulations for lettuce growth are incomplete. This study presents a lettuce growth model that describes the effects of a broad range of greenhouse climates, including air temperature with extreme conditions, humidity, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and shortwave radiation on dynamics of the single state variable, structural crop dry weight. The proposed model framework performs two parallel sets of mass flows: dry matter accumulation and buffer evolution. The buffer carbohydrates flow to growth conversion based on the temperature-dependent sink strength. The inhibition of canopy assimilation occurs when the carbohydrate storage approaches the buffer capacity. The humidity effects are incorporated by describing stomatal resistance and specific leaf area of new leaves. The model was first calibrated at both sub-model and model levels and then validated against data collected in three experiments, covering a broad range of greenhouse climates. Results demonstrated that the model performance was good and acceptable; the simulated crop dry weights closely mirrored the measured values, with the RRMSE of 10.5–24.9% and the RMSE of 0.0070–0.0131 kg m<sup>−2</sup>. The model predicted the leaf area index with an RRMSE of 12.1–54.7% and performed well for the vegetative growth stage concerned by commercial production. The photosynthesis inhibition time accounted for 27–41% of the total photosynthesis time, indicating that the model framework and underlying hypothesis worked in simulations. The developed model, simulating instantaneous lettuce dynamics for the potential situation, can be applied to low-tech greenhouses and enables optimal control of all four climate factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"250 ","pages":"Pages 285-305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the transmissibility of vibration and dynamic behaviour of coffee plants under field conditions

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.002

Mariana Ribeiro Pereira , Fábio Lúcio Santos , Francisco Scinocca , Hector Andres Tinoco , Geice Paula Villibor

Mechanical vibration-based harvesting can efficiently collect coffee fruits, but outcomes depend on machine type and plant factors. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the modal properties involved in this process. In this context, this study aimed to determine the dynamic behaviour of coffee plants through frequency scanning tests, considering different scenarios related to the plant and the ripening stages of the fruit. For this purpose, instrumentation was applied to fifteen plants chosen at random to collect field data for evaluating different scenarios. Through the induction of mechanical vibrations, it was possible to determine the vibration transmissibility in coffee plants, with 20 Hz induced frequency leading to greater transmissibility than the other induced frequencies. The dynamic behaviour of the coffee plants was evaluated using frequency sweep tests, which revealed a greater incidence of natural frequency peaks concentrated above 40 Hz. The analysis indicated that the selective harvesting of coffee fruits through the exclusive application of vibration is impractical in Arabica coffee plants. This is due to the absence of significant differences in the pending loads of fruits at different stages of maturation and the overlap in the frequency values identified in the investigated frequency bands.

{"title":"Evaluation of the transmissibility of vibration and dynamic behaviour of coffee plants under field conditions","authors":"Mariana Ribeiro Pereira , Fábio Lúcio Santos , Francisco Scinocca , Hector Andres Tinoco , Geice Paula Villibor","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical vibration-based harvesting can efficiently collect coffee fruits, but outcomes depend on machine type and plant factors. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the modal properties involved in this process. In this context, this study aimed to determine the dynamic behaviour of coffee plants through frequency scanning tests, considering different scenarios related to the plant and the ripening stages of the fruit. For this purpose, instrumentation was applied to fifteen plants chosen at random to collect field data for evaluating different scenarios. Through the induction of mechanical vibrations, it was possible to determine the vibration transmissibility in coffee plants, with 20 Hz induced frequency leading to greater transmissibility than the other induced frequencies. The dynamic behaviour of the coffee plants was evaluated using frequency sweep tests, which revealed a greater incidence of natural frequency peaks concentrated above 40 Hz. The analysis indicated that the selective harvesting of coffee fruits through the exclusive application of vibration is impractical in Arabica coffee plants. This is due to the absence of significant differences in the pending loads of fruits at different stages of maturation and the overlap in the frequency values identified in the investigated frequency bands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"250 ","pages":"Pages 225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clues and cues in a Japanese quail egg: What individual variable parameters can be used to identify the hen that laid it?

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.011

Valeriy G. Narushin , Natalia A. Volkova , Alan Yu. Dzhagaev , Zarina V. Gagieva , Ludmila A. Volkova , Darren K. Griffin , Michael N. Romanov , Natalia A. Zinovieva

Variability in eggs laid by the same bird is well known but remarkably understudied. Ecological, physiological and genetic mechanisms clearly play a role; however, the reasons for the high/low variability of some parameters remain a mystery. Here, with the aim of identifying a wider range of data for analysis of their individual variability, the variability of several egg parameters in F₂ Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) hens was studied. The highest variability was noted for the parameters of shell strength (21.4–27.1%), suggesting its unsuitability as an identifier of a single hen. The highest reproducibility (i.e., the lowest variability of 1.5%) was observed for the ratio of egg surface area to volume (S/V). This indicator can indirectly characterise the level of embryonic metabolism and be used as an adaptive feature of the hen body targeted towards maintaining the stability of the S/V value. Excessive formation of the yolk component leads to an “adjustment” of the shell, ensuring low variability of the total egg weight. These findings can be taken into account to advance our understanding of the ecological, physiological, and genetic underpinnings for developing promising intraclutch “signatures” of quail egg production. It could find application in the field of preincubation egg sorting, with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted classification of individually identified eggs to tailored incubation regimes. Moreover, given that the S/V value is also related to egg contents parameters, identifying laying hens by this feature might allow breeders to categorise separate groups of females, each of which lay eggs of identified nutritional value.

{"title":"Clues and cues in a Japanese quail egg: What individual variable parameters can be used to identify the hen that laid it?","authors":"Valeriy G. Narushin , Natalia A. Volkova , Alan Yu. Dzhagaev , Zarina V. Gagieva , Ludmila A. Volkova , Darren K. Griffin , Michael N. Romanov , Natalia A. Zinovieva","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variability in eggs laid by the same bird is well known but remarkably understudied. Ecological, physiological and genetic mechanisms clearly play a role; however, the reasons for the high/low variability of some parameters remain a mystery. Here, with the aim of identifying a wider range of data for analysis of their individual variability, the variability of several egg parameters in F<sub>2</sub> Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) hens was studied. The highest variability was noted for the parameters of shell strength (21.4–27.1%), suggesting its unsuitability as an identifier of a single hen. The highest reproducibility (i.e., the lowest variability of 1.5%) was observed for the ratio of egg surface area to volume (<em>S</em>/<em>V</em>). This indicator can indirectly characterise the level of embryonic metabolism and be used as an adaptive feature of the hen body targeted towards maintaining the stability of the <em>S</em>/<em>V</em> value. Excessive formation of the yolk component leads to an “adjustment” of the shell, ensuring low variability of the total egg weight. These findings can be taken into account to advance our understanding of the ecological, physiological, and genetic underpinnings for developing promising intraclutch “signatures” of quail egg production. It could find application in the field of preincubation egg sorting, with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted classification of individually identified eggs to tailored incubation regimes. Moreover, given that the <em>S/V</em> value is also related to egg contents parameters, identifying laying hens by this feature might allow breeders to categorise separate groups of females, each of which lay eggs of identified nutritional value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"250 ","pages":"Pages 317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full-scale experiment on the interaction of two neighbouring low-rise insect-proof nethouses with the wind

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.010

Anastasios Giannoulis, Demetres Briassoulis, Nikoleta-Georgia Papardaki, Antonis Mistriotis

Insect-proof nethouses are low-cost permeable structures covered with high density anti-insect nets, which can provide efficient protection against harmful insects and environmental hazards and regulate the microclimate in favour of the protected cultivation, especially during the summer period. A full-scale experiment of two neighbouring low-rise insect-proof nethouses without cultivation was employed for the analysis of the wind velocities windward, leeward and at the interior of the insect-proof nethouses. Moreover, the wind pressures exerted on the structures were investigated. Two different types of novel insect-proof nets were used as covering materials: The 3353BT Biorete AirPlus 50 mesh with a mesh configuration that allowed for improved air exchange rates; and the OptiNet 50 mesh that provided optical exclusion of pests through incorporated additives that block specific ultraviolet (UV)-visible radiation wavelengths. Anemometers installed at different locations on the field were used to measure the velocity reduction inside and leeward of both nethouses. Specially designed pressure differential sensors were used to measure the wind loads at the nethouses' windward and leeward sides. Velocity reduction inside the AirPlus nethouse was equal to 44%, while for the OptiNet nethouse (denser mesh) this value was equal to 62%. Lower net pressure coefficients were recorded for the windward side of the enhanced ventilation technology AirPlus insect-proof net (C_P = 0.36) as compared to the denser OptiNet net (C_P = 0.47). Contrarily, at the leeward sides of the nethouses the difference between the net pressure coefficients was insignificant (AirPlus nethouse: C_P = −0.26; OptiNet nethouse: C_P = −0.22).

{"title":"Full-scale experiment on the interaction of two neighbouring low-rise insect-proof nethouses with the wind","authors":"Anastasios Giannoulis, Demetres Briassoulis, Nikoleta-Georgia Papardaki, Antonis Mistriotis","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect-proof nethouses are low-cost permeable structures covered with high density anti-insect nets, which can provide efficient protection against harmful insects and environmental hazards and regulate the microclimate in favour of the protected cultivation, especially during the summer period. A full-scale experiment of two neighbouring low-rise insect-proof nethouses without cultivation was employed for the analysis of the wind velocities windward, leeward and at the interior of the insect-proof nethouses. Moreover, the wind pressures exerted on the structures were investigated. Two different types of novel insect-proof nets were used as covering materials: The 3353BT Biorete AirPlus 50 mesh with a mesh configuration that allowed for improved air exchange rates; and the OptiNet 50 mesh that provided optical exclusion of pests through incorporated additives that block specific ultraviolet (UV)-visible radiation wavelengths. Anemometers installed at different locations on the field were used to measure the velocity reduction inside and leeward of both nethouses. Specially designed pressure differential sensors were used to measure the wind loads at the nethouses' windward and leeward sides. Velocity reduction inside the AirPlus nethouse was equal to 44%, while for the OptiNet nethouse (denser mesh) this value was equal to 62%. Lower net pressure coefficients were recorded for the windward side of the enhanced ventilation technology AirPlus insect-proof net (C<sub>P</sub> = 0.36) as compared to the denser OptiNet net (C<sub>P</sub> = 0.47). Contrarily, at the leeward sides of the nethouses the difference between the net pressure coefficients was insignificant (AirPlus nethouse: C<sub>P</sub> = −0.26; OptiNet nethouse: C<sub>P</sub> = −0.22).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"250 ","pages":"Pages 133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In situ volume measurement of dairy cattle via neural radiance fields-based 3D reconstruction

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.009

Xueyao Jing , Tingting Wu , Peng Shen , Zhiqian Chen , Hanyue Jia , Huaibo Song

Accurate body measurements in dairy farming are labour-intensive and stressful for animals. A more efficient, animal-friendly method for in situ measuring is strongly needed. This study proposes a novel non-contact 3D volume measurement technique for dairy cows using Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and short videos captured with a mobile phone. First, multi-view point matching was performed to calculate the camera pose from the sequence of video-extracted images. Then, given that NeRF represented the latest advancement in 3D reconstruction with significant advantages, it was introduced for the first time in the reconstruction of cows. Multi-resolution Hash encoding and Neural Signed Distance Functions (SDF) were employed for refined surface reconstruction. Finally, to achieve accurate volume calculations, Poisson reconstruction and local triangulation were used as specific post-processing techniques to form a closed envelope around the cow's trunk. The measuring effectiveness of the method was verified through two experiments conducted on a sample of 13 cows in a commercial dairy farm. Results showed that Peak Signal-to-noise Ratios were above 25, confirming that the proposed method exhibited a high degree of fidelity to the actual live cow. Coefficient of variation below 2% for 10 measurements on a same cow demonstrated high reproducibility. Comparing this method with a laser-scanned resin cow model yielded a relative error that was found to be 1.25%, demonstrating the method's reliability. This innovative approach provided a reliable and efficient solution for non-contact live cow volume measurement, without the need for additional devices, highlighting its potential to improve herd management through precise volumetric data.

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引用次数: 0

Maturity recognition and localisation of broccoli under occlusion based on RGB-D instance segmentation network

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.01.007

Shuo Kang , Jiali Fan , Yongkai Ye , Chenglong Li , Dongdong Du , Jun Wang

Selective harvesting robots for broccoli face significant challenges in field operations, where occlusions by leaves and stems, varying maturity stages and lighting interferences greatly affect performance. Addressing the need for a robust network capable of maturity recognition and localisation under various occlusion conditions for spherical crops, OccluInst—a single-stage instance segmentation network based on RGB-D and CNN-Transformer architecture was proposed. The solution is to make full use of visible information and crop characteristics. This model builds a dual-branch cross-modal calibration framework to generate instance-aware kernels and segmentation mask features. The proposed Attention Weight Interactive Fusion Module (AWIF) enhances the fusion efficiency of multi-scale RGB and depth features in complex scenarios, while the designed Adaptive Fusion Ratio Module (AFR) filters out noisy depth data and extracts valuable information to achieve feature alignment. Additionally, the developed Material Awareness Module (MA) highlights critical areas, improving feature extraction for irregular, multi-scale targets. The improved circular boundary anchor box accurately localises broccoli under various levels of occlusion. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each module. OccluInst can swiftly and accurately identify the maturity categories and coordinates of broccoli under different occlusion levels. It achieves a mAP₅₀ of 86.2% and mAR of 83.5%, with an average centre point deviation of 3.68 pixels on images with a resolution of 848 × 480, and a detection speed of 51.4 frames per second, providing a robust visual foundation for selective harvesting robots.

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引用次数: 0