Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第10页

Improving sediment discharge efficiency in drip emitters via Tesla-inspired microchannels: PyFluent simulation and SHAP-based structural insights 通过特斯拉启发的微通道提高滴灌器的沉积物排放效率：PyFluent模拟和基于shap的结构见解

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104295

Peng Hou , Tuo Yin , Shengqi Jian , Yan Li , Xinhao Gao , Xueli Zhang , Changjian Ma

Sediment deposition is a critical factor contributing to emitter clogging and flow instability in drip irrigation systems, particularly under sediment-laden water conditions. At the micro-scale (10–1000 μm), flow and particle transport within emitter channels are governed by complex interactions involving confinement effects, turbulent structures, and particle–wall interactions. However, the mechanisms controlling sediment migration and removal remain insufficiently understood, and there is a lack of robust modelling tools to support emitter design under such conditions. In this study, a novel Tesla-inspired bidirectional microchannel was proposed to improve hydraulic performance and sediment discharge efficiency. A high-resolution Euler–Lagrange two-phase flow model was developed using PyFluent, integrating key physical processes including Schiller–Naumann drag, Saffman lift, turbulent dispersion, and rebound boundary conditions to simulate sediment behaviour at particle scale. Simulation results revealed that the inclusion of reverse-flow units significantly enhanced shear zones and vortex intensity, leading to a 97.18 % increase in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE, CFD simulation). Under different forward- and reverse-flow unit configurations, PSD and QSDV both decreased by 22.73 %–53.40 %. Variations under different channel widths and depths showed different ranges due to QSDV being normalised by volume (all CFD simulation results). Contribution analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) identified hydraulic diameter and the number of forward-flow units as dominant structural factors influencing sediment transport through their effects on local energy dissipation and flow field reorganisation. These findings provide a physically interpretable and practically applicable modelling framework for optimising emitter design. This study proposed approach offers new insights into the coupling between microchannel geometry and sediment dynamics, supporting the development of anti-clogging strategies in drip irrigation systems using non-conventional water sources.

泥沙淤积是滴灌系统中造成灌水器堵塞和流量不稳定的一个关键因素，特别是在含泥沙的水条件下。在微尺度（10-1000 μm）下，发射器通道内的流动和粒子输输受到约束效应、湍流结构和粒子壁相互作用等复杂相互作用的控制。然而，控制沉积物迁移和移除的机制仍然没有得到充分的了解，并且缺乏强大的建模工具来支持在这种条件下的发射器设计。本研究提出了一种新型的受特斯拉启发的双向微通道，以提高水力性能和排沙效率。利用PyFluent开发了一个高分辨率的欧拉-拉格朗日两相流模型，该模型集成了包括席勒-瑙曼阻力、Saffman升力、湍流弥散和反弹边界条件在内的关键物理过程，以模拟颗粒尺度上的沉积物行为。模拟结果表明，加入逆流单元显著增强了剪切区和涡流强度，导致湍流动能增加97.18% （TKE， CFD模拟）。在不同的正、逆流单元配置下，PSD和QSDV均降低22.73% ~ 53.40%。由于QSDV按体积归一化（所有CFD模拟结果），不同通道宽度和深度下的变化范围不同。利用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）的贡献分析发现，水力直径和前向流单元数量通过对局部能量耗散和流场重组的影响，是影响输沙的主要结构因素。这些发现为优化发射器设计提供了物理解释和实际应用的建模框架。该研究提出的方法为微通道几何形状和沉积物动力学之间的耦合提供了新的见解，支持使用非常规水源的滴灌系统的防堵塞策略的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Modal frequency analysis for Camellia oleifera with sympodial branching growth mode using allometric scaling law 用异速标度法分析油茶对称分枝生长模式的模态频率

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104296

Lewei Tang , Huiyu Zhang , Shiyi Zhang , Rui Pan , Mingliang Wu

In this paper, the branching growth mode of Camellia oleifera is considered to be a sympodial branching pattern. A simplified fractal model of Camellia oleifera is established with several similar basic units. The morphological parameters of the basic bifurcated units in the tree model are correlated according to the biological allometric scaling law. For the basic bifurcated unit, a cantilever trunk modelled as the Euler-Bernoulli beam with two lateral branches is obtained regardless of the mass of foliage. The modal frequency of the basic bifurcated unit is calculated using Hamilton's principle. Finite element simulation using ANSYS software is performed to obtain the simulation modal frequencies in comparison with the theoretical frequencies. An empirical formula relating to the modal frequencies is derived from the perspective of energy transfer. The effect of branch angle on the modal frequency is further investigated. Besides, the empirical formula is extended for the calculation of the modal frequency of three basic bifurcated units. The modal frequency in branch mode is also obtained and compared with the simulation results. In the field measurement, two coefficients involving the lateral branching ratio and the slenderness coefficient were identified from the morphological measurements. The modal frequency for the basic bifurcated unit and the tree were measured using the dynamic signal analyser. The relative errors of the modal frequency from the empirical formulas and the field experiments are less than 6 %, which demonstrates the feasibility of the modal frequency analysis of Camellia oleifera using the proposed empirical formulas.

本文认为油茶的分枝生长模式为对形分支模式。用几个相似的基本单位建立了油茶的简化分形模型。根据生物异速缩放规律，将树模型中基本分叉单元的形态参数进行关联。对于基本分叉单元，无论叶片质量如何，都可以得到具有两个侧枝的欧拉-伯努利梁模型的悬臂主干。利用哈密顿原理计算了基本分岔单元的模态频率。利用ANSYS软件进行有限元仿真，得到仿真模态频率，并与理论频率进行比较。从能量传递的角度推导了与模态频率有关的经验公式。进一步研究了分支角对模态频率的影响。并将经验公式推广到三个基本分叉单元的模态频率计算。得到了分支模态频率，并与仿真结果进行了比较。在野外测量中，从形态测量中确定了两个系数，包括侧枝比和长细系数。利用动态信号分析仪测量了基本分岔单元和树的模态频率。经验公式与田间试验的模态频率相对误差小于6%，证明了利用该经验公式进行油茶模态频率分析的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Fruit cooling performance analysis within a fully loaded refrigerated container: CFD modelling and validation 满载冷藏集装箱内水果冷却性能分析：CFD建模与验证

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104254

Tarl M. Berry , Nurayn A. Tiamiyu , Jacques van Zyl , Umezuruike L. Opara , Paul Cronje , Alemayehu Ambaw , Vaughan Hattingh , Corné Coetzee , Thijs Defraeye

Refrigerated containers (RCs) are crucial for transporting fresh produce to international markets, significantly influencing fruit quality along the cold chain. Although RCs are a mature technology, fresh produce industries report challenges relating to temperature heterogeneity and ineffective monitoring approaches. This study developed and validated a computational fluid dynamics model to characterise airflow and heat transfer inside an RC packed with standard ventilated packaging for South African citrus fruit. The model was implemented with an accurate representation of a refrigeration unit, incorporating the presence of fans and evaporator coils based on experimental characterisations. Air speed and cooling validations showed good agreement with the models. Simulations identified a vertically dominant airflow pattern, with air speeds within the pallets ranging from 0.03 m s^-1 to 0.16 m s^-1. Air velocities within the pallet regions were categorised into four zones: a turbulent air recirculation zone, a high-velocity stabilisation zone, a declining air velocity zone, and a heterogeneous air velocity zone near the door. Excessively cooled regions were identified, potentially increasing chilling injury risk, a primary concern for South African citrus exports. The study evaluated temperature monitoring, and an optimal position for hygrothermal sensors was proposed for single-device monitoring. It was further shown that air temperature data is conditionally representative of pulp temperature. The insights gained can guide industry practitioners in enhancing temperature monitoring practices and inform future research on optimising RC cooling efficiency and minimising chilling injury risks to improve fruit quality and reduce waste in the fresh produce supply chain.

冷藏集装箱（RCs）对于将新鲜农产品运输到国际市场至关重要，对冷链上的水果质量产生重大影响。尽管RCs是一项成熟的技术，但生鲜农产品行业报告了与温度异质性和无效监测方法相关的挑战。本研究开发并验证了计算流体动力学模型，以表征南非柑橘类水果标准通风包装RC内的气流和传热。该模型采用了制冷装置的精确表示，结合了基于实验特征的风扇和蒸发器盘管的存在。风速和冷却验证结果与模型吻合较好。模拟确定了垂直主导气流模式，托盘内的空气速度从0.03 m s-1到0.16 m s-1。托盘区域内的空气速度被分为四个区域：湍流空气再循环区，高速稳定区，下降的空气速度区，以及门附近的异质空气速度区。确定了过度冷却的地区，潜在地增加了冷害风险，这是南非柑橘出口的主要问题。该研究评估了温度监测，并提出了单设备监测中温湿度传感器的最佳位置。进一步表明，空气温度数据有条件地代表纸浆温度。所获得的见解可以指导行业从业者加强温度监测实践，并为未来优化RC冷却效率和最大限度地减少冷伤风险的研究提供信息，以提高水果质量，减少新鲜农产品供应链中的浪费。

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引用次数: 0

An improved light efficiency LED array design via increasing uniformity for pea sprouts 一种提高豌豆芽均匀性的光效LED阵列设计

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104290

Li Du , Yang Xu , Can Wang , Yiyi Chen , Junhua Zhang , Bin Ma , Danyan Chen

Light distribution is an important factor affecting plant growth under facility lighting. However, traditional lighting provides uneven illumination, which increases the difficulty of cultivation management and creates challenges in standardised plant production. Achieving the best light environment is highly significant for high-efficiency production. To effectively address uneven light distribution in the planting layer, this study proposed a high light efficiency LED array design that increases light distribution uniformity based on the improved genetic algorithm. This design has been verified by optical simulation, spectrometer measurement and pea sprout cultivation. The simulation results showed that the illumination uniformity of the optimised LED array and traditional square LED array were 91.7 % and 85.7 %, respectively. The uniformity of the illuminance measured by the spectrometer for two LED arrays was 92.5 % and 80.2 %, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the two LED arrays on the growth of pea sprouts were compared. The total light intensity of the optimised LED array was reduced by 20.1 % lower; however, the yield of the pea sprouts increased by 8.6 % higher. The light intensity required to produce pea sprouts per unit mass was 26.5 % lower, while the energy and economic efficiency improved. Therefore, the LED array designed based on the improved genetic algorithm has high illumination uniformity and light use efficiency and presents a novel method for improving pea sprout production and lighting optimisation strategy.

在设施照明条件下，光分布是影响植物生长的重要因素。然而，传统照明带来的光照不均匀，增加了栽培管理的难度，给植物标准化生产带来了挑战。实现最佳光环境对高效生产具有重要意义。为了有效解决种植层光分布不均匀的问题，本研究提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的高光效LED阵列设计，提高了光分布均匀性。该设计已通过光学模拟、光谱仪测量和豌豆苗栽培验证。仿真结果表明，优化后的LED阵列与传统方形LED阵列的照度均匀度分别为91.7%和85.7%。两种LED阵列的照度均匀度分别为92.5%和80.2%。此外，还比较了两种LED阵列对豌豆苗生长的影响。优化后的LED阵列的总光强降低了20.1%；然而，豌豆芽的产量却高出8.6%。生产单位质量豌豆芽所需的光强降低了26.5%，提高了能源效益和经济效益。因此，基于改进遗传算法设计的LED阵列具有较高的照明均匀性和光效，为提高豌豆芽产量和优化照明策略提供了一种新的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A general discrete element modelling method and harvest process for wheat plants 一种通用的离散元建模方法及小麦收获过程

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104284

Jianhua Fan , Liang Zhang , Kai Sun , Xiaoyan Qian , Lu Wang , Jianqun Yu

A general modelling approach for mature wheat plants with continuous deformation and breakable characteristics is proposed. First, by analysing the shape and size of three typical wheat plants as well as the coordinates of the discrete particles, the geometrical models of the wheat stalk, ear and grain that compose the wheat plant are constructed. Then, the physical and contact mechanical parameters of the wheat plant are determined and verified via a series of actual tests, including moisture measurement, drainage method, slope test and inclined plane drop test. In addition, the bonding mechanical parameters are obtained by analysing the results of the tensile, compression and shear experiments. On the basis of the above work, the mechanical model of the wheat ear, grain and stalk is constructed considering Hertz-Mindlin contact and bonding models with the discrete element method. Finally, the proposed wheat plant model is validated and verified by comparing the experiment and simulation results in terms of the harvest process including cutting and threshing. The results showed that the cutting force and total threshing rate obtained from the simulations differ from the actual test values by no more than 4.4 % and 9 %, respectively. The strong agreement between the simulation and experimental results indicates the feasibility and reliability of the proposed general modelling method for the wheat plant. In summary, the present study provides an effective tool to analyse the wheat harvest process and agricultural machinery design.

提出了一种具有连续变形和易碎特性的成熟小麦植株的通用建模方法。首先，通过分析三个典型小麦植株的形状和大小以及离散粒子的坐标，构建了组成小麦植株的麦秆、穗和籽粒的几何模型。然后，通过水分测量、排水法、坡度试验和斜面跌落试验等一系列实际试验，确定并验证了小麦植株的物理力学参数和接触力学参数。通过对拉伸、压缩和剪切试验结果的分析，得到了粘结力学参数。在上述工作的基础上，采用离散元法建立了考虑Hertz-Mindlin接触和粘接模型的小麦穗、籽粒和茎秆的力学模型。最后，通过对比实验结果和模拟结果，从收割、脱粒等收获过程对所提出的小麦植株模型进行了验证和验证。结果表明，模拟得到的切削力和总脱粒率与实际试验值的差异分别不超过4.4%和9%。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好，表明所提出的小麦植株综合建模方法的可行性和可靠性。总之，本研究为小麦收获过程分析和农机设计提供了有效的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Inversion of on-tree peach firmness via high-fidelity fruit finite element models and sim-to-real deep transfer learning 基于高保真水果有限元模型和模拟到真实深度迁移学习的树上桃子坚固度反演

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104291

Jiaqi Xiong , Yilei Hu , Xianbin Gu , Ce Yang , Di Cui

Firmness is an important attribute of peaches related to texture and ripeness. The inversion of on-tree peach firmness contributes to monitoring fruit ripeness and determining the optimal harvest time for enhancing fruit quality. However, accurate inversion of fruit firmness is still challenging because of the limited number, range and distribution of training datasets. Therefore, an acoustic vibration method based on high-fidelity fruit finite element (FE) models and sim-to-real deep transfer learning was proposed for the inversion of the on-tree peach firmness with limited samples. Ten FE models of peaches comprising skin, flesh, pits and kernels were constructed to generate simulated vibration responses of on-tree peaches during fruit ripening. A 1D-Inception-SE network was established to extract features from the vibration responses to characterise peach firmness. To reduce the difference in feature distribution between the simulated dataset and the experimental dataset, a deep transfer learning method based on a domain adversarial neural network was introduced. The results indicated that the high-fidelity FE models of peaches were reliable for simulating the vibration behaviours of on-tree peaches during fruit ripening. The proposed deep transfer learning method raised the R² of the test set from 0.79 to 0.83. Compared to the 1D-Inception-SE model with 320 experimental samples, the deep transfer learning model with both simulated data and 160 experimental samples achieves superior performance while requiring only half the number of experimental samples. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could efficiently and effectively improve the firmness inversion accuracy for on-tree peaches by measuring limited samples.

硬度是桃子的重要属性，与质地和成熟度有关。桃树上硬度的反演有助于监测果实成熟度，确定最佳采收时间，提高果实品质。然而，由于训练数据集的数量、范围和分布有限，水果硬度的准确反演仍然具有挑战性。为此，提出了一种基于高保真水果有限元模型和模拟到真实深度迁移学习的声振动方法，用于有限样本条件下桃的树上硬度反演。建立了包括果皮、果肉、果核和果仁在内的10个桃有限元模型，模拟了桃果实成熟过程的振动响应。建立1D-Inception-SE网络，从振动响应中提取特征来表征桃子的硬度。为了减小模拟数据集与实验数据集特征分布的差异，提出了一种基于领域对抗神经网络的深度迁移学习方法。结果表明，所建立的高保真桃有限元模型能够较好地模拟果实成熟过程中的振动行为。提出的深度迁移学习方法将测试集的R2从0.79提高到0.83。与具有320个实验样本的1D-Inception-SE模型相比，同时具有模拟数据和160个实验样本的深度迁移学习模型在只需要一半实验样本的情况下取得了更好的性能。结果表明，该方法可以有效地提高对有限样本桃的硬度反演精度。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental research on mechanised strip application process based on DEM of compressed granulated straw 基于DEM的压缩粒状秸秆机械化条带化工艺试验研究

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104274

Guibin Chen , Jiaming Yang , Fuzeng Yang , Qingjie Wang , Zhijie Liu , Zhengdao Liu

Returning the entire straw to the field can lead to excessive buildup, obstructing the seeding process and reducing quality. To address this, technologies like straw granulation and strip application enhance straw decomposition and soil organic matter. However, differing sizes of granulated straw can impact seeding quality. This paper presents a straw-crushing device with a differential counter roller that breaks long straw particles during rotation. It also includes trenching shovels, covering discs, and compaction wheels for practical mechanised application. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the straw crushing capacity and analyse the factors affecting the crushing rate. The work determined that the centre distance between the two rollers is 99 mm, the teeth height H is 15 mm, teeth width b₁ is 10 mm, and teeth thickness b₂ is 10 mm. It was found that the minimal variation in the straw crushing rate varied between 0.77 and 1.77 kg s⁻¹. Optimal crushing rates are achieved when the upper roller's rotation speed ranges from 100 to 200 r·min⁻¹ and the lower roller's speed ranges from 300 to 400 r·min⁻¹. A simulation model is also developed to analyse the mechanised strip application process. Through single-factor tests and orthogonal test methods, the operational parameters were optimised. The findings indicated that an upper roller speed of 150 r·min⁻¹, a lower roller speed of 300 r·min⁻¹, a strip application depth of 150 mm, and a forward speed of 5 km h⁻¹ resulted in a straw crushing rate of 33.6 %. The uniformity variation coefficient of strip application is determined to be 14.4 %, which complies with the strip application requirements. Field validation of the test parameters yielded an average coefficient of variation of 14.9 %; the average crushing rate of granulated straw is 41.5 %, with an error margin of 0.5 % and 7.9 % compared to field tests. The optimised parameters achieve the necessary standards for mechanised strip application, providing valuable technical support for developing new granulated straw strip application methodologies.

将整个秸秆还田会导致秸秆过度堆积，阻碍播种过程，降低质量。为了解决这个问题，秸秆造粒和条施等技术可以促进秸秆分解和土壤有机质。然而，不同大小的粒状秸秆会影响播种质量。本文介绍了一种带有差动计数器的秸秆粉碎装置，该装置在旋转过程中粉碎长秸秆颗粒。它还包括挖沟铲、覆盖盘和用于实际机械化应用的压实轮。采用离散元法（DEM）对秸秆破碎能力进行了数值模拟，分析了影响秸秆破碎率的因素。工作确定两辊之间的中心距离为99 mm，齿高H为15 mm，齿宽b1为10 mm，齿厚b2为10 mm。秸秆破碎率的最小变化在0.77 ~ 1.77 kg s−1之间。当上辊转速为100 ~ 200 r·min - 1，下辊转速为300 ~ 400 r·min - 1时，破碎率最佳。建立了模拟模型，对带钢机械化应用过程进行了分析。通过单因素试验和正交试验对工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明：当上辊速度为150 r·min−1，下辊速度为300 r·min−1，带材施深为150 mm，前进速度为5 km h−1时，秸秆破碎率为33.6%；确定带材均匀度变化系数为14.4%，符合带材使用要求。对试验参数进行现场验证，平均变异系数为14.9%；颗粒状秸秆的平均破碎率为41.5%，与现场试验相比误差为0.5%和7.9%。优化后的参数达到机械化条带化应用的必要标准，为开发新的粒状秸秆条带化应用方法提供了宝贵的技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Digital simulation of condensation and water loss in ventilated lychee packaging 通风荔枝包装中凝结和水分损失的数字模拟

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104297

Jicheng Lin , Xiaodan Zhang , Yihong Jiang , Dongfeng Liu , Wei Cai , Guopeng Lin , Zhiwu Ding , Enli Lü , Jiaming Guo

Lychee quality deteriorates rapidly post-harvest. Appropriately ventilated packaging can help maintain quality during the supply chain. However, interruptions in the cold chain can lead to temperature differences between the inside and outside of packages, increasing condensation and liquid water formation, which negatively affects lychee quality. This study used numerical simulations to analyse forced ventilation in different packaging structures, focusing on how the number of top openings affects internal temperature, humidity, condensation, and water loss. Additionally, the stacking of packaged lychee was modelled to predict water loss and condensation under actual supply conditions. The results showed that increasing the number of package openings reduces humidity differences and condensation, with eight openings resulting in 9.18 % less water loss rate compared to six openings. Six openings reduced condensation by 23.67 % compared to four openings. Furthermore, during storage and transportation, the amount of water loss and condensation varied by location, with lychees near the air outlet losing less water but experiencing more condensation. The findings of this study provide insights into reducing in-package condensation and water loss in the lychee supply chain, offering a reference for optimising storage and transportation strategies.

荔枝的品质在收获后迅速恶化。适当通风的包装可以帮助在供应链中保持质量。然而，冷链的中断会导致包装内外的温差，增加凝结和液态水的形成，这对荔枝的质量产生负面影响。本研究使用数值模拟分析了不同包装结构的强制通风，重点研究了顶部开口的数量如何影响内部温度、湿度、冷凝和水分损失。此外，还对包装荔枝的堆积进行了模拟，以预测实际供应条件下的水分损失和凝结。结果表明，增加包装开口的数量可以减少湿度差和结露，与6个开口相比，8个开口的失水率降低了9.18%。与四个开口相比，六个开口减少了23.67%的凝结。此外，在储存和运输过程中，水分损失和凝结的量因地点而异，靠近出风口的荔枝失水较少，但凝结较多。本研究结果为减少荔枝供应链中的包装冷凝和水分损失提供了见解，为优化储存和运输策略提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of maize picking roller surface structure on stalk pulling force 玉米采摘辊表面结构对秸秆拉力的影响

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104289

Yipeng Cui , Pengxuan Guan , Jianning Yin , Zehao Zha , Qiming Yu , Zhenwei Wang , Duanyang Geng

During the maize ear harvesting process, a reasonable selection of the picking roller's surface structure can significantly enhance stalk pulling force, reduce ear-picking losses, and improve overall harvesting efficiency. Investigating the influence of different picking roller surface structures on stalk pulling force is therefore of critical importance. In this study, a simulation model was developed based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) to simulate the interaction mechanisms between the ear-picking device and maize stalks. The accuracy of the simulation model was validated through bench tests, using maximum stalk pulling force and power consumption as key evaluation metrics, with relative errors of 5.4 % and 5.2 %, respectively. The study further explored the effects of picking roller surface structure (pattern shape, pattern height and pattern spacing) on stalk pulling force. The results indicate that pattern shape, pattern height, pattern spacing, and their interactions have a significant impact on stalk pulling force. The optimal surface structure of the picking roller is a inclined pattern structure with a pattern height of 2.5 mm and a pattern spacing of 8 mm. The simulation results can be used to analyse the effect of the picking roller surface structure on stalk pulling force, providing a theoretical basis for the rational selection of picking roller surface structures.

在玉米采穗过程中，合理选择采摘辊的表面结构，可以显著增强秸秆拉力，减少采摘损失，提高整体收获效率。因此，研究不同采摘辊表面结构对秸秆拉力的影响是至关重要的。基于离散元法（DEM）和多体动力学（MBD），建立了玉米摘耳装置与玉米秸秆相互作用的仿真模型。通过台架试验验证了仿真模型的准确性，以最大茎秆牵引力和功率消耗为主要评价指标，相对误差分别为5.4%和5.2%。进一步探讨了采摘辊表面结构（花型形状、花型高度和花型间距）对秸秆牵引力的影响。结果表明：花形、花形高度、花形间距及其相互作用对茎秆牵引力有显著影响；该采摘辊的最优表面结构为花纹高度为2.5 mm、花纹间距为8 mm的倾斜花纹结构。仿真结果可用于分析采摘辊表面结构对秸秆拉力的影响，为采摘辊表面结构的合理选择提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Technologies for automatic assessment of pig welfare using animal-based indicators in the slaughterhouse: a review 基于屠宰场动物指标的猪福利自动评估技术综述

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104286

Angela Ramon-Perez , Irene Camerlink , Nienke van Staaveren , Kristina Maschat , Kenny van Langeveld , Thomas Banhazi , Michaela Fels , Maite Jachens , Jarissa Maselyne , Björn Forkman , Pol Llonch

Most meat-producing species end their life at the slaughterhouse. Here, animals are gathered from diverse farms, allowing for extensive data collection, including on welfare status. Assessing animal welfare requires reliable indicators, particularly those that are animal-based. Automated welfare evaluation offers a continuous, objective, and consistent approach for monitoring large numbers of animals, eliminating human bias and fatigue associated with high-speed production lines, and decreasing farm visits. This review aims to identify animal-based welfare indicators for pigs that can be automatically measured at slaughterhouses and to examine commercially available Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies used at the slaughterhouse, including prototypes and on-farm technologies that can be adapted and applied to slaughterhouses. A three-step methodology is used: first a systematic literature search, followed by a comprehensible commercial search, and finally an expert consultation survey to confirm that all technologies were identified. A total of 16 technologies for slaughterhouse applications and 71 technologies for on-farm use were identified. Among the on-farm technologies, 52 were deemed feasible for slaughterhouse implementation, while 19 were considered unsuitable due to mismatches with slaughterhouse purposes, such as feeding behaviour or heat detection. The results also highlight the need to address automated welfare assessment during the transport phase to ensure thorough understanding and continuous monitoring of animal welfare across the entire production chain. While automated systems for monitoring pig welfare show significant potential, challenges in practical implementation and widespread adoption remain, requiring collaboration between researchers, industry stakeholders, and technology developers to fully realise their potential.

大多数肉类生产物种在屠宰场结束它们的生命。在这里，动物从不同的农场收集，允许广泛的数据收集，包括福利状况。评估动物福利需要可靠的指标，特别是那些以动物为基础的指标。自动化福利评估为监测大量动物提供了连续、客观和一致的方法，消除了与高速生产线相关的人类偏见和疲劳，减少了农场访问。本综述旨在确定可在屠宰场自动测量的猪的动物福利指标，并检查屠宰场使用的商业上可用的精确畜牧业（PLF）技术，包括可适应并应用于屠宰场的原型和农场技术。采用三步方法：首先进行系统的文献检索，然后进行可理解的商业检索，最后进行专家咨询调查，以确认所有技术都已确定。总共确定了16种屠宰场应用技术和71种农场使用技术。在农场技术中，52项被认为适合屠宰场实施，而19项被认为不适合，因为与屠宰场的目的不匹配，例如喂养行为或热探测。研究结果还强调了在运输阶段解决自动福利评估的必要性，以确保对整个生产链的动物福利进行全面了解和持续监测。尽管监测猪福利的自动化系统显示出巨大的潜力，但在实际实施和广泛采用方面仍然存在挑战，这需要研究人员、行业利益相关者和技术开发人员之间的合作，以充分发挥其潜力。

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