Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第6页

Rapid irradiance fluctuations in a greenhouse: Effects of diffuse glass on shadeflecks 温室中辐照度的快速波动：漫射玻璃对沙斑的影响

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104340

Arian van Westreenen , Ningyi Zhang , Leo F.M. Marcelis , Elias Kaiser

The intensity of sunlight incident on leaves often fluctuates, affecting physiological processes and plant growth at various temporal and spatial scales. However, sunlight is often diffuse due to clouds and aerosols, and the extent to which the characteristics of fluctuating light intensity change under diffuse compared to direct light is not well quantified. Making use of a glass that converts ca. 45 % of incoming light into diffuse light in a commercial tomato greenhouse, light intensity above the crop was recorded at high frequency (10 Hz) for 4.5 months under both clear and diffuse glass. Dips in light intensity below an upper, calculated baseline intensity were marked as shadeflecks, and their daily number, duration, frequency, amplitude and light integral were recorded. Diffuse glass reduced the number of shadeflecks (44 day⁻¹ vs. 112 day⁻¹ under direct glass), and increased their average length (460 s vs. 250 s per shadefleck). Under both glass types, most shadeflecks were very short (<1 s), and were fewer and weaker in winter than in spring and summer. Short shadeflecks (0.1–0.4 s length) occurred 60–110 % more often under direct than under diffuse glass. It was concluded that glass which makes approximately half of all incoming light diffuse reduces the number of shadeflecks, and tends to increase their length as well as reduce their amplitude. However, despite these effects, fluctuations in light intensity are still surprisingly many and short under diffuse glass.

照射在叶片上的阳光强度是波动的，在不同的时空尺度上影响着植物的生理过程和生长。然而，由于云和气溶胶的影响，阳光往往是漫射的，与直射光相比，漫射光的波动光强特性变化的程度还没有很好地量化。在一个商业番茄温室中，利用一种能将大约45%的入射光转化为漫射光的玻璃，在透明玻璃和漫射玻璃下，以高频（10赫兹）记录作物上方的光强，持续4.5个月。当光强低于计算的基线强度时，将其标记为沙斑，并记录其每日数量、持续时间、频率、幅度和光积分。漫射玻璃减少了沙斑的数量（44天- 1比直接玻璃112天- 1），并增加了它们的平均长度（460秒比250秒每个沙斑）。在两种玻璃类型下，大多数沙斑都很短（<1 s），并且在冬季比春季和夏季更少且更弱。短碎片（0.1-0.4 s）在直接玻璃下比在漫射玻璃下发生的频率高60 - 110%。得出的结论是，玻璃使大约一半的入射光漫射，减少了沙斑的数量，并倾向于增加它们的长度和减小它们的振幅。然而，尽管有这些影响，在漫射玻璃下，光强度的波动仍然令人惊讶地多而短。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive backstepping tracking control for differential drive vehicles under longitudinal slipping conditions 纵向滑移条件下差速驱动车辆的自适应反步跟踪控制

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104339

Jun Wei, Zhan Zhao, En Lu, Sisi Liu, Xinyu Hu, Qianqian Zhou, Cheng Xu

Due to variations in the soil environment and path curvature, it remains challenging for agricultural machinery to accurately track complex trajectories in field operations. In this paper, an adaptive backstepping tracking control approach for differential drive agricultural vehicles is presented. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the longitudinal slip rate, and a dynamic model of the vehicle under longitudinal slipping conditions is established. Using the integral of time and square tracking error (ITSE) as the performance evaluation index, the dynamic characteristics of trajectory tracking under different backstepping control law coefficients are analysed. Then, with the desired velocity, trajectory curvature, lateral error, longitudinal error, and heading angle error as inputs, an optimisation method for the control law coefficients based on the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed. Finally, the trajectory tracking simulations and practical experiments were performed employing a differential-drive vehicle. The results indicated that the accuracy and stability of trajectory tracking can be significantly improved by incorporating the proposed slip compensation and adaptive adjustment of the control law coefficients, particularly when the desired trajectory curvature was discontinuous or changed sharply.

由于土壤环境和路径曲率的变化，农业机械在田间作业中准确跟踪复杂的轨迹仍然是一个挑战。针对差动驱动农用车辆，提出了一种自适应反步跟踪控制方法。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）估计车辆的纵向滑移率，建立了车辆在纵向滑移条件下的动力学模型。以时间积分和平方跟踪误差（ITSE）作为性能评价指标，分析了不同步进控制律系数下轨迹跟踪的动态特性。然后，以期望速度、轨迹曲率、横向误差、纵向误差和航向角误差为输入，提出了一种基于自适应网络模糊推理系统（ANFIS）的控制律系数优化方法。最后，利用差速驱动车辆进行了轨迹跟踪仿真和实际实验。结果表明，采用滑移补偿和自适应调节控制律系数可以显著提高轨迹跟踪的精度和稳定性，特别是当期望轨迹曲率不连续或急剧变化时。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperspectral reconstruction based on low-cost UAV RGB imagery for alfalfa yield prediction 基于低成本无人机RGB影像的高光谱重建紫花苜蓿产量预测

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104328

Lang Qiao , Jiahao Fan , Jose G. Franco , Alison J. Duff , Emily J. Diaz-Vallejo , Tong Yu , Zhou Zhang

Alfalfa is an important high-quality livestock feed around the world, and timely and accurate yield prediction is crucial for precision harvest management. Hyperspectral remote sensing (RS) is an efficient method for non-destructive alfalfa yield prediction. However, the high cost and the relatively low spatial resolution remain the main obstacles to its widespread adoption. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hyperspectral reconstruction method based on UAV RGB imagery to reduce the data acquisition cost and improve the performance of alfalfa yield prediction. Firstly, three features selection methods including competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), variable importance in subsets selection algorithm (VISSA), and recursive feature elimination (RFE) are evaluated for their potential in selecting important bands from hyperspectral data for alfalfa yield. Secondly, the combination of the CARS and Multi-stage Spectral-wise Transformer (MST++) is used to reconstruct the important hyperspectral band images from RGB images for alfalfa yield. Finally, the reconstructed hyperspectral features and RGB spatial features are integrated to enhance the model accuracy. The experiments conducted in the Prairie du Sac farm in 2021 and 2022 showed that the hyperspectral features reconstructed using the proposed method exhibited strong consistency with the original features and achieved similar accuracy in predicting alfalfa yield (R² = 0.717, RMSE = 476 kg ha⁻¹, MAE = 376 kg ha⁻¹). Also, combining the reconstructed hyperspectral features with the RGB spatial features could further improve the performance of yield prediction (R² = 0.745, RMSE = 452 kg ha⁻¹, MAE = 348 kg ha⁻¹). Furthermore, the generalisation of the proposed method was validated using an independent alfalfa dataset from Arlington farm in 2023.

苜蓿是世界范围内重要的优质家畜饲料，及时准确的产量预测对精准收获管理至关重要。高光谱遥感（RS）是一种有效的无损预测紫花苜蓿产量的方法。然而，高成本和相对较低的空间分辨率仍然是其广泛采用的主要障碍。因此，本研究旨在提出一种基于无人机RGB图像的高光谱重建方法，以降低数据采集成本，提高紫花苜蓿产量预测的性能。首先，对竞争自适应重加权采样（CARS）、可变重要度子集选择算法（VISSA）和递归特征消除（RFE）三种特征选择方法在高光谱数据中选择重要波段的潜力进行了评价。其次，将CARS与多级光谱变换（Multi-stage Spectral-wise Transformer, mst++）相结合，从RGB图像中重构出苜蓿产量的重要高光谱波段图像；最后，将重建的高光谱特征与RGB空间特征相结合，提高模型精度。在2021年和2022年在Prairie du Sac农场进行的实验表明，使用该方法重建的高光谱特征与原始特征具有较强的一致性，并且在预测苜蓿产量方面具有相似的精度（R2 = 0.717, RMSE = 476 kg ha - 1, MAE = 376 kg ha - 1）。此外，将重建的高光谱特征与RGB空间特征相结合可以进一步提高产量预测的性能（R2 = 0.745, RMSE = 452 kg ha - 1, MAE = 348 kg ha - 1）。此外，使用2023年阿灵顿农场的独立苜蓿数据集验证了所提出方法的泛化。

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引用次数: 0

Sensorless wet clutch pressure control method for high-power tractors using physical and digital twins 基于物理和数字孪生的大功率拖拉机无传感器湿式离合器压力控制方法

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104322

Yanan Zhang , Dongqing Wang , Yuefeng Du , Changkai Wen , Linze Wang , Zhikang Wu

Demand for high-power power-shift tractors (exceeding 100 hp) continues to grow annually in modern agriculture. The accuracy of wet clutch pressure control significantly affects shift quality and overall tractor performance. However, direct measurement of piston displacement in a wet clutch is not feasible, making it difficult to apply many contemporary control strategies for effective clutch pressure management. To address this sensorless control challenge, a control framework based on physical and digital twins is proposed. A physical twin of the clutch is constructed, and a virtual clutch developed using data from the physical twin. From these twins, a mechanistic model was established, and a novel clutch pressure controller designed. A complete clutch twinning system was built, and experimental tests conducted to validate the proposed method. Compared to proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm, the approach reduced jerk and slipping friction work during tractor start-up by 46.6 % and 1.1 % respectively, and exhibited robust performance across different temperature conditions. This approach offers a promising reference for sensorless clutch pressure control in high-power tractors.

在现代农业中，对大功率换挡拖拉机（超过100马力）的需求每年都在持续增长。湿式离合器压力控制的准确性影响着换挡质量和拖拉机的整体性能。然而，在湿式离合器中直接测量活塞位移是不可行的，这使得许多现代控制策略难以应用于有效的离合器压力管理。为了解决这一无传感器控制挑战，提出了一种基于物理和数字孪生的控制框架。构造了离合器的物理孪生体，并利用该物理孪生体的数据开发了虚拟离合器。在此基础上，建立了离合器的力学模型，设计了一种新型的离合器压力控制器。建立了一个完整的离合器对偶系统，并进行了实验测试来验证所提出的方法。与比例-积分-导数（PID）控制算法相比，该方法在拖拉机启动过程中分别减少了46.6%和1.1%的抖动和滑动摩擦功，并在不同温度条件下表现出鲁棒性。该方法为大功率拖拉机无传感器离合器压力控制提供了有益的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven worker activity recognition and efficiency estimation in manual fruit harvesting 数据驱动的人工水果收获工人活动识别与效率评估

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104326

Uddhav Bhattarai , Rajkishan Arikapudi , Steven A. Fennimore , Frank N. Martin , Stavros G. Vougioukas

Manual fruit harvesting is common in agriculture, but the amount of time pickers spend on non-productive activities can make it very inefficient. Accurately identifying picking vs. non-picking activity is crucial for estimating picker efficiency and optimising labour management and harvest processes. In this study, a practical system was developed to calculate the efficiency of pickers in commercial strawberry harvesting. Instrumented picking carts (iCarritos) were developed to record the harvested fruit weight, geolocation, and iCarrito movement in real time. The iCarritos were deployed during the commercial strawberry harvest season in Santa Maria, CA. The collected data was then used to train a CNN-LSTM-based deep neural network to classify a picker’s activity into “Pick” and “NoPick” classes. Experimental evaluations showed that the CNN-LSTM model showed promising activity recognition performance with an F1 score of 0.97. The recognition results were then used to compute picker efficiency and the time required to fill a tray. Analysis of the season-long harvest data showed that the average picker efficiency was 75.09% with an estimation accuracy of 97.23%. Furthermore, the average tray fill time was 6.85 min with an estimation accuracy of 96.78%. When integrated into commercial harvesting, the proposed technology can aid growers in monitoring automated worker activity and optimising harvests to reduce non-productive time and enhance overall harvest efficiency.

人工采摘水果在农业中很常见，但采摘者花在非生产性活动上的时间会使其效率非常低。准确识别采摘与非采摘活动对于估计采摘效率和优化劳动力管理和收获过程至关重要。在本研究中，开发了一个实用的系统来计算采摘机在商业草莓收获中的效率。仪器采摘车（iCarritos）被开发出来，可以实时记录收获的水果重量、地理位置和iCarritos的运动。iCarritos在加州圣玛丽亚的商业草莓收获季节被部署。收集到的数据随后被用于训练一个基于cnn - lstm的深度神经网络，将采摘者的活动分为“采摘”和“不采摘”两类。实验评价表明，CNN-LSTM模型具有良好的活动识别性能，F1得分为0.97。然后使用识别结果来计算采摘效率和填充托盘所需的时间。全季收获数据分析表明，平均采摘效率为75.09%，估计精度为97.23%。平均填充时间为6.85 min，估计准确率为96.78%。当与商业收获相结合时，拟议的技术可以帮助种植者监控自动化工人的活动并优化收获，以减少非生产时间并提高整体收获效率。

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引用次数: 0

Vibration characteristics of a terrain-adaptive agricultural chassis for hilly and mountainous terrain 丘陵和山地地形自适应农业底盘振动特性研究

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104338

Xiaoliang Zhang, Yujie Huang, Peixiang Wang, Longjin Liang, Yiheng Cheng, Pingyi Liu, Liang Sun

The rugged topography of hilly and mountainous regions presents significant challenges for conventional chassis systems, limiting agricultural mechanization and productivity. Here, a novel three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) agricultural chassis with a passive adaptive suspension is proposed that integrates adaptive all-wheel attachment and vibration damping to maintain excellent traction and smooth movement on uneven terrain. Based on the Lagrange method, a suspension vibration model incorporating both adaptive and vertical damping was developed to analyse the system's response to ground excitation. Subsequently, a chassis dynamics model accounting for coupled pitch-roll vibrations was established, and its effectiveness was verified through bump road experiments. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm was employed for multi-objective optimisation of the suspension system, yielding optimal parameters. Experimental validation confirmed the significant vibration reduction performance of the novel passive adaptive suspension, with reductions of 28.5 % in vertical acceleration, 14.2 % in pitch angular velocity, and 17.3 % in roll angular velocity. The developed dynamic model served as a valuable theoretical reference for vibration control and performance analysis. The proposed chassis demonstrated potential for diverse agricultural operations in hilly and mountainous terrain, including seeding, spraying, harvesting, and transportation.

丘陵和山区崎岖的地形对传统的底盘系统提出了重大挑战，限制了农业机械化和生产力。本文提出了一种新型三自由度农用底盘的被动自适应悬架，该底盘集成了自适应全轮附着和减振，能够在不平坦的地形上保持良好的牵引力和平稳的运动。基于拉格朗日方法，建立了包含自适应和垂直阻尼的悬架振动模型，分析了系统对地面激励的响应。随后，建立了考虑纵摇耦合振动的底盘动力学模型，并通过凹凸路面试验验证了该模型的有效性。采用遗传算法对悬架系统进行多目标优化，得到最优参数。实验验证了新型被动自适应悬架的显著减振性能，垂直加速度降低28.5%，俯仰角速度降低14.2%，横摇角速度降低17.3%。所建立的动力学模型为振动控制和性能分析提供了有价值的理论参考。所提出的底盘展示了在丘陵和山区进行多种农业操作的潜力，包括播种、喷洒、收获和运输。

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引用次数: 0

XDEM simulation of an industrial-scale rotary drum dryer for organo-mineral fertiliser 工业规模有机肥转鼓干燥机的XDEM模拟

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104320

Cem Korkmaz , İlyas Kacar

Organo-mineral fertilisers are primarily produced through rotary drum dryers with traditional methods, limiting scalability and introducing significant production challenges. This study explores the organo-mineral fertiliser's drying simulation accuracy, particle residence time, bulk flow path, heat and mass transfer, breakage, agglomeration, and wear, employing a four-way coupling between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the extended discrete element method (XDEM). Novelty lies in the four-way coupling, the fertiliser type, and a particle-mixture material corresponding to next-generation nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilisers. In the simulations, axial-symmetric, planar, and 3D rotary drum domains are investigated. The experiments are performed on an industrial dryer within its operating range. According to the root mean square error (RMSE), the XDEM simulations showed good agreement with the experimental data, with RMSE values of 0.5 % for moisture content, 0.8–7.5 °C for temperature, 1.46 % for granule breakup, 0.58 % for coalescence and accretion, and 1.247 × 10⁻⁹ kg m⁻² s⁻¹ for erosion. Normalised computational burdens are 1, 0.8681, and 0.4438 for full, axial, and planar domains, respectively. By collecting XDEM, this study provides a foundational framework for the automation of the fertiliser production line.

有机矿物肥料主要通过传统方法的转鼓干燥机生产，限制了可扩展性并引入了重大的生产挑战。本研究采用计算流体力学（CFD）和扩展离散元法（XDEM）之间的四向耦合，探讨了有机无机肥料的干燥模拟精度、颗粒停留时间、体积流道、传热传质、破碎、团聚和磨损。新颖之处在于四向耦合、肥料类型和与下一代氮磷钾肥料相对应的颗粒混合材料。在模拟中，研究了轴对称、平面和三维转鼓区域。实验在工业干燥机的工作范围内进行。根据均方根误差（RMSE）， XDEM模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好，水分含量RMSE值为0.5%，温度RMSE值为0.8 ~ 7.5℃，颗粒破碎RMSE值为1.46%，聚并和吸积RMSE值为0.58%，侵蚀RMSE值为1.247 × 10−9 kg m−2 s−1。对于全域、轴向域和平面域，归一化计算负担分别为1、0.8681和0.4438。通过对XDEM的采集，为化肥生产线的自动化提供了一个基础框架。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental research on straw movement patterns in cross-slope strip tillage based on MBD-DEM coupling 基于MBD-DEM耦合的跨坡带状耕作秸秆运动规律试验研究

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104337

Hang Li , Jin He , Hongwen Li , Chao Wang , Zhaoyang Guo , Zhengyang Wu , Quanyu Wang , Hanyu Yang , Lu Tan

Due to the significant lateral undulation of sloped farmland, existing strip tillage machinery exhibits poor lateral profiling capabilities, severely affecting the effectiveness of cross-slope strip tillage operations. Based on the straw distribution and soil characteristics of sloped farmland in Northeast-China, this study conducted soil angle of repose tests and basic inclined plane experiments using a 2D LiDAR to determine the contact parameters between straw and soil components. A soil-straw composite model is established under different slopes. Using MBD-DEM coupled simulations, the performance of a straw strip clearing device (SSCD) was analysed under varying front tilt angles (FTAs), side tilt angles (STAs), working speeds (WSs), and working depths (WDs). The optimal operating parameters for the SSCD were determined to be 30°, 20°, 3 m s⁻¹, and 150 mm, respectively. By analysing the trajectories of straw of four different lengths on the sowing strip above and the sowing strip below under different slopes, it was concluded that heavier straw was more affected by slope than lighter straw. Field test results indicated that at a 0° slope, the straw clearing rate (SCR) was 98.1 % for the sowing-strip below and 98.4 % for the sowing-strip above, with a difference of 0.3 %. At a 6° slope, the SCR was 93.3 % for the sowing-strip below and 97.8 % for the sowing-strip above, with a difference of 4.5 %. The discrepancies between simulation and field results were not significant. The designed device meets the agronomic requirements for cross-slope tillage on sloped farmland.

由于坡耕地横向起伏较大，现有带状耕作机械横向剖面能力较差，严重影响了跨坡带状耕作作业的有效性。基于东北坡耕地秸秆分布和土壤特征，利用二维激光雷达进行土壤休止角试验和基本斜面试验，确定秸秆与土壤组分的接触参数。建立了不同坡度下的土壤-秸秆复合模型。采用MBD-DEM耦合仿真，分析了不同前倾角（FTAs）、侧倾角（STAs）、工作速度（WSs）和工作深度（WDs）下秸秆清除装置（SSCD）的性能。SSCD的最佳工作参数分别为30°、20°、3 m s - 1和150 mm。通过分析不同坡度下4种不同长度秸秆在上、下播带上的生长轨迹，得出较重秸秆受坡度影响较大的结论。田间试验结果表明，在0°坡度下，秸秆清除率（SCR）为98.1%，高于0°坡度的播种带为98.4%，两者相差0.3个百分点。坡度为6°时，播种带下的SCR为93.3%，播种带上的SCR为97.8%，差异为4.5%。模拟结果与现场结果差异不显著。所设计的装置能满足斜田跨坡耕作的农艺要求。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting energy needs in mechanically ventilated Broiler houses in South Korea using a building energy simulation-driven algorithm 使用建筑能源模拟驱动算法预测韩国机械通风肉鸡舍的能源需求

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104317

Kyeong-seok Kwon , Jong-bok Kim , Byeonghyeon Kim , Dong-hwa Jang , Vandet Pann , Jae-eun Kim , Taehwan Ha

Accurately predicting energy needs in livestock farms is vital for efficient design and operation. A lack of research on energy requirements in livestock facilities has often resulted in a reliance on empirical knowledge rather than data. This study addresses this gap by using Building Energy Simulation to assess and predict the thermal characteristics of broiler houses. Numerical simulations under 17,280 experimental conditions were conducted to determine cooling and heating energy needs based on regional climate data, building specifications, orientation, insulation, and broiler occupancy. Meteorological and internal climate variables were used to compute sensible and latent heat production and ventilation requirements. The simulation model was validated against multiple broiler rearing periods using experimental data. Validation results showed a Normalized Mean Bias Error of 0.7806 %, a Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Square Error of 9.7510 %, and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 3.824 %. Regression models for energy needs were developed for nine administrative divisions, four orientations, and twelve insulation configurations. These findings reduce construction costs and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, a regression-based application was developed to predict heating and cooling energy needs, providing an intuitive tool for farm owners and consultants to support decision-making in broiler house construction and energy management.

准确预测畜牧场的能源需求对于高效设计和运营至关重要。由于缺乏对牲畜设施能源需求的研究，往往导致依赖经验知识而不是数据。本研究通过使用建筑能源模拟来评估和预测肉鸡鸡舍的热特性，解决了这一差距。根据区域气候数据、建筑规格、朝向、隔热和肉鸡占用情况，在17,280个实验条件下进行了数值模拟，以确定制冷和供暖能源需求。使用气象和内部气候变量来计算感热和潜热产生以及通风要求。利用实验数据对仿真模型进行了多期肉鸡饲养试验验证。验证结果显示，归一化平均偏倚误差为0.7806%，均方根误差变异系数为9.7510%，平均绝对百分比误差为3.824%。针对9个行政区划、4个朝向和12种绝缘配置，建立了能源需求的回归模型。这些发现降低了施工成本，提高了作业效率。此外，还开发了一个基于回归的应用程序来预测供暖和制冷能源需求，为养殖户和顾问提供了一个直观的工具，以支持肉鸡舍建设和能源管理方面的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of drying temperature on Camellia oleifera fruit shelling through shrinkage strain, case hardening and microstructure 通过收缩应变、表面硬化和微观结构研究干燥温度对油茶果实脱壳的影响

IF 5.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104325

Pei Yang , Hanyu Fu , Penggeng Sun , Liuyang Ren , Zhaohui Zheng , Yanlong Bu , Deyong Yang

Timely drying and shelling of high moisture fresh Camellia oleifera fruits can prevent seed spoilage, but the degree of splitting in the C. oleifera shells can affect seed separation from the shells during drying, reduce postharvest processing efficiency and lead to seed loss. Exploring the shell shrinkage induced by different drying temperatures (45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 °C) is helpful to understand the shelling mechanism and improve the shelling ratio. A universal testing machine was used to measure the elastic modulus of the shells at various moisture contents under different temperatures, and a mathematical model was established to describe the relationship between temperature, moisture content, and elastic modulus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe changes in the microstructure of the shell after drying at different temperatures. Results showed that at higher temperatures (75 and 85 °C), the shelling ratio decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing transverse fruit diameter, while lower temperatures (45, 55 and 65 °C) were more favourable for shelling. The elastic modulus of the C. oleifera shells exhibited an exponential relationship with moisture content at test temperatures, showing a sharp increase when the moisture content dropped below 0.5 (d.b.). Elevated temperatures accelerated case hardening, thereby reducing shell shrinkage strain. SEM results indicated that higher drying temperatures caused more severe damage to the microstructure of the shell. This study provides theoretical foundation for reducing postharvest losses and improving processing efficiency through optimised drying process for C. oleifera fruits.

对高水分新鲜油茶果及时干燥脱壳可以防止种子变质，但油茶果壳的分裂程度会影响干燥过程中种子与壳的分离，降低采后加工效率，导致种子损失。探讨不同干燥温度（45、55、65、75、85℃）对壳的收缩影响，有助于了解脱壳机理，提高脱壳率。利用万能试验机对不同温度下不同含水率下的壳弹性模量进行了测试，建立了温度、含水率与弹性模量关系的数学模型。采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察不同温度下干燥后壳的微观结构变化。结果表明，在较高温度（75℃和85℃）下，果实脱壳率随温度升高和果横径减小而降低，而较低温度（45℃、55℃和65℃）更有利于脱壳。在试验温度下，油松壳的弹性模量与含水率呈指数关系，当含水率低于0.5 （d.b.）时，弹性模量急剧增加。高温加速了壳体硬化，从而降低了壳体收缩应变。SEM结果表明，越高的干燥温度对壳的微观结构的破坏越严重。本研究为油葵果实优化干燥工艺，减少采后损失，提高加工效率提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0