Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第6页

Correlation between rheological properties and maturity of passion fruit based on machine vision

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.12.008

Fan Lin , Dengjie Chen , Caihua Lu , Jincheng He

Rheological properties play an important role in food production and quality control. This research explores the relationship between rheological parameters and quality characteristics of passion fruit and establishes a maturity classification model for passion fruit based on its rheological properties. Each sample undergoes a rheological test, texture profile test, puncture test, and physicochemical index test. These tests aim to gather precise mechanical and physiological information on passion fruit. We built a mechanical testing platform and used machine vision to analyse the micro-deformation of fruit. The platform can measure the real-time contact area and load value to obtain accurate stress values during compression. Non-destructive rheological tests were conducted on intact passion fruit to get the elastic modulus during the loading stage. It is highly consistent with the results of traditional Hertz contact theory. Additionally, the stress relaxation parameters were obtained by fitting the five elements Maxwell model during the holding stage. Notably, there are strong correlations between the rheological parameters and most texture parameters or physicochemical indicators, with the highest correlation coefficient reaching 0.703. Therefore, the rheological parameters were utilised as inputs for maturity classification models (GBDT, MLP, and AdaBoost). All models achieved satisfactory classification results. Particularly, the GBDT model demonstrated excellent classification performance and generalisation capability, with Precision, Recall, and F-Score of 80.44%, 80.08%, and 80.26%. The results show that it is feasible to determine the maturity of passion fruit based on non-destructive rheological characteristics.

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引用次数: 0

Development of a spectral repository for the identification of western Himalayan medicinal plants using machine learning techniques

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.014

Kishor Chandra Kandpal , Shubham Anchal , Anirudh Verma , Amit Kumar

The identification of medicinal plant species is a crucial task for assessing the status of our bioresources. Conventional methods primarily rely on taxonomy and laboratory-based instruments, which are time-consuming and require the requisite expertise. Thus, there is an escalating demand for efficient techniques that can quickly identify these precious species. The advent of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing (HRS) with artificial intelligence has significantly increased the scope of HRS techniques by offering rapid and precise plant identification. This study utilised non-imaging HRS handheld sensors to build a spectral repository for 10 important medicinal plant species from diverse locations across Indian Himalayan states, representing varying altitudinal and ecological conditions. The spectral repository encompasses 1237 distinct spectral signatures obtained from the leaves and canopies of the targeted plant species. Subsequently, an identification model has been developed using Random Forest (RF) with several feature selection methods, and it has been revealed that the RF model, coupled with wrapper-based feature selection, is an effective combination for classifying the targeted plant species. The calibration and test datasets accounted for accuracies of 87.87% and 91.39%, respectively, with corresponding kappa coefficients of 0.85 and 0.89. Furthermore, the developed RF model was applied to ‘PRISMA’ satellite data to identify Saussurea costus crops in farmers' croplands, achieving a classification accuracy of 81.31% and a kappa coefficient of 0.76. Therefore, the study highlights the potential of integrating RF, in-situ HRS, and satellite HRS for the non-destructive, precise, and accurate identification of medicinal plants that can significantly contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management.

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引用次数: 0

Egg characteristics assessment as an enabler for in-ovo sexing technology: A review 卵子特征评估作为卵内性别鉴定技术的推动者：综述

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.008

Shaomin Xu , Sifang Long , Zixian Su , Khawar Hayat , Lijuan Xie , Jinming Pan

The culling of day-old male chicks remains a significant challenge for the egg-laying industry. While in ovo sexing technology has made strides, it has yet to achieve an optimal balance between early identification of sex at hatching, high sensitivity, and non-invasive operation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in in ovo sexing from various perspectives and to explore potential solutions in light of industrial practices and key technological bottlenecks. This study describes an efficient detection method for low-concentration samples and provides recommendations for the rapid detection of sex markers in chicken embryo allantoic fluid. Given the complexity of optical signals and the significant individual differences among eggs, the paper underscores the importance of evaluating egg characteristics in advancing in ovo sex determination technology. Based on this core concept, the use of multimodal data fusion strategies are advocated for in ovo sexing. This approach aims to deepen researchers' understanding of the complex relationship between sex labels and the high-dimensional data of breeding eggs, thereby injecting new momentum and direction into the development of this field.

对蛋鸡行业来说，宰杀日龄雄性雏鸡仍然是一个重大挑战。虽然卵子性别鉴定技术已经取得了长足的进步，但它还没有在孵化时的早期性别识别、高灵敏度和非侵入性手术之间取得最佳平衡。本文旨在从不同的角度对卵子性别的研究进展进行综述，并结合工业实践和关键技术瓶颈探索潜在的解决方案。本研究为鸡胚尿囊液中性别标记的快速检测提供了一种高效的低浓度检测方法。鉴于光信号的复杂性和卵子之间显著的个体差异，本文强调了评估卵子特征对推进卵子性别确定技术的重要性。基于这一核心概念，本文提出了多模态数据融合策略的应用。该方法旨在加深研究人员对性别标签与种卵高维数据之间复杂关系的理解，从而为该领域的发展注入新的动力和方向。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of three-dimensional cake thickness structure characteristics in a screen filter for drip irrigation based on the CFD‒DEM coupling method 基于CFD-DEM耦合方法的滴灌筛网三维滤饼厚度结构特征分析

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.017

Liu Zhenji , Long Yangjuan , Li Junfeng , Liu Dongdong

The three-dimensional filter cake structure is the focus of screen filter research. In order to explore the variation trend of filter cake thickness and thickness homogeneity under different inlet flow rates and different particle concentrations, the clogged mesh filters were studied by prototype and the CFD-DEM coupling experiment. The results showed that, as particle concentration increased, clogged filter cake thickness increased at first and dropped subsequently during the prototype experiment, which was determined by the number of particles per unit of time touching the screen and the particles of the force of interaction. Likewise, with an increasing inlet flow rate, the clogging cake thickness showed a slow decline and then tended to be stable during the prototype experiment, which was determined by the number of particles per unit of time touching the screen and the force of the flow field on the particles. The prototype experiment and simulation experiment showed the consistency of this trend. It was discovered that with the increase flow rate, the filter cake grade first increased then decreased after reaching a critical flow rate (160 m³ h⁻¹), and with the increase particle concentration the filter cake grade increased and then stabilised after reaching the saturation concentration (0.279 kg m⁻³). The best operating parameters were identified for filter functioning in actual irrigation based on the filter cake grade, to reduce clogging and simplifying future flushing.

三维滤饼结构是筛网过滤器研究的重点。为了探索不同进口流量和不同颗粒浓度下滤饼厚度和厚度均匀性的变化趋势，采用原型机和CFD-DEM耦合实验对堵塞滤网进行了研究。结果表明：在原型实验过程中，随着颗粒浓度的增加，堵塞滤饼的厚度先增大后减小，这是由单位时间内接触屏幕的颗粒数和相互作用力的颗粒数决定的。同样，随着入口流量的增大，堵塞饼厚度在原型实验中呈现缓慢下降后趋于稳定的趋势，这是由单位时间内接触屏幕的颗粒数量和流场对颗粒的作用力决定的。原型实验和仿真实验表明了这一趋势的一致性。发现随着流量的增加，滤饼品位在达到临界流量（160 m3 h−1）后先增大后减小，随着颗粒浓度的增加，滤饼品位在达到饱和浓度（0.279 kg m−³）后增大后趋于稳定。根据滤饼等级确定了实际灌溉中过滤器的最佳操作参数，以减少堵塞并简化以后的冲洗。

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引用次数: 0

Stiffness evaluation of semi-rigid connection using steel clamps in plastic greenhouse structure 塑料大棚结构钢夹半刚性连接刚度评价

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.018

Sangik Lee , Jong-hyuk Lee , Byung-hun Seo , Dong-su Kim , Dongwoo Kim , Yerim Jo , Won Choi

Greenhouse structures, essential for modern agriculture, often experience significant uncertainties due to varying environmental conditions, leading to frequent damage and economic losses. Accurately analysing the structural responses of these greenhouses is particularly challenging due to the difficulty in understanding the actual behaviour of connections using steel clamps. This study focuses on evaluating the stiffness and mechanical behaviour of semi-rigid connections using steel clamps in plastic greenhouses. A specialised load-deformation testing apparatus was developed to assess the relationships between force and displacement or moment and rotation for these connections with various deformation modes. The experimental results were used to model stiffness coefficients and ultimate limit loads, providing a detailed understanding of the mechanical properties of these connections. Findings reveal that steel clamps introduce complex structural behaviours that differ significantly from traditional connections, highlighting the need for advanced modelling techniques. This comprehensive analysis offers new insights into the behaviour of semi-rigid connections in greenhouse structures and underscores the importance of detailed empirical studies. The research contributes to improving the structural design and safety assessments of agricultural facilities, ensuring better resilience against environmental stresses. The outcomes are crucial for developing more effective and reliable greenhouse designs that can withstand adverse conditions, ultimately supporting sustainable agricultural practices.

温室结构是现代农业的重要组成部分，由于环境条件的变化，温室结构经常经历重大的不确定性，导致频繁的破坏和经济损失。准确分析这些温室的结构响应尤其具有挑战性，因为很难理解使用钢夹连接的实际行为。本研究的重点是评估塑料大棚中使用钢夹的半刚性连接的刚度和机械行为。开发了专门的负载变形测试设备，以评估具有各种变形模式的这些连接的力与位移或力矩与旋转之间的关系。实验结果用于模拟刚度系数和极限载荷，从而详细了解这些连接的力学特性。研究结果表明，钢夹引入了与传统连接明显不同的复杂结构行为，突出了对先进建模技术的需求。这一综合分析为温室结构中半刚性连接的行为提供了新的见解，并强调了详细实证研究的重要性。该研究有助于改善农业设施的结构设计和安全评估，确保更好地抵御环境压力。研究结果对于开发更有效和可靠的温室设计至关重要，这些温室设计可以承受不利条件，最终支持可持续农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Vacuum suction end-effector development for robotic harvesters of fresh market apples 新鲜市场苹果机器人收获机的真空吸力末端执行器研制

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.011

Wanjia Hua , Wenqiang Zhang , Zhao Zhang , Xiaohang Liu , Mengning Huang , C. Igathinathane , Stavros Vougioukas , Chayan Kumer Saha , N.S. Mustafa , Dina Saber Salama , Yao Zhang , Man Zhang

Timely harvesting of fresh apples faces challenges due to labour shortage, and the modern approach of robotic harvesting has the potential to address this issue. The prevailing process of apple harvest robotics could not meet the demands of practical applications, mainly due to the lack of a suitable manipulator, because the existing ones are associated with low picking rates, fruit damage, and high costs. A prototype apple harvesting manipulator was developed, which includes a vacuum three-revolute-degrees-of-freedom end-effector, a three-prismatic-degrees-of-freedom Cartesian system, an RGB-D camera, and system integration. The vision positioning system and controller were designed to realise precise positioning and detachment of the manipulator. The major contribution of the current study is the three-revolute-degrees-of-freedom vacuum suction end-effector, whose performance evaluation was conducted in a commercial apple orchard. Experimental results showed that a 33ϕ mm diameter suction cup achieved superior performance over a 43ϕ mm cup. The method of rotation followed by pull proved to be more effective than only pulling for apple detachment. The results indicated that the apple’s equatorial region was the optimal area for suction. Furthermore, the vacuum pressure should be at least −65 kPa to guarantee successful detachment. Experimental results showed that 83.1% of harvested apples had stems intact. For the developed manipulator, a 33ϕ mm diameter suction cup, a rotate-and-pull separation method, and −65 kPa were recommended for practical applications. With the integrated new manipulator, the developed apple harvest robot has been demonstrated to have the potential to realise robotic apple harvesting.

由于劳动力短缺，及时收获新鲜苹果面临挑战，而现代机器人收割方法有可能解决这一问题。目前流行的苹果收获机器人工艺不能满足实际应用的需求，主要原因是缺乏合适的机械手，因为现有的机械手采摘率低，水果损坏，成本高。研制了一种苹果收获机械臂样机，包括真空三转自由度末端执行器、三棱镜自由度笛卡尔坐标系、RGB-D相机和系统集成。设计了视觉定位系统和控制器，实现了机械手的精确定位和分离。本研究的主要贡献是三转自由度真空吸力末端执行器，并在商业苹果园进行了性能评估。实验结果表明，直径为33φ mm的吸盘比直径为43φ mm的吸盘性能更好。旋转后再拉的方法被证明比只拉苹果脱离更有效。结果表明，苹果的赤道区域是吸力的最佳区域。真空压力至少为- 65kpa，以保证剥离成功。实验结果表明，83.1%的收获苹果茎完好无损。对于开发的机械手，实际应用中建议使用直径33φ mm的吸盘，旋转和拉分离方法，−65 kPa。通过集成的新型机械手，所开发的苹果收获机器人已被证明具有实现机器人苹果收获的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling of pheromone release from solid matrix dispenser for integrated pest management 害虫综合治理中固体基质施胶器信息素释放的建模

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.013

Manon Dat , Hervé Plaisance , Jane Vignau-Laulhere , Sylvain Bourrigaud , Valérie Desauziers

Sex pheromones are introduced in the cultivated areas to create mating disruption and thus to protect crops from pests. This article deals with the release characteristics of a model pheromone (dodecyl acetate) encapsulated in a solid matrix developed as a passive dispenser. Released kinetics were obtained both in the field by extracting and quantifying the remaining pheromone in the dispenser over time and in laboratory by emission chamber tests under controlled conditions. Results showed that the release profiles follow pseudo-zero-order kinetics with a quasi-constant release rate of 1.53 mg day^-1 under field conditions for the first sixty days. Emission data showed that two key parameters, i.e., the matrix/air partition coefficient (K_ma) and the convective transfer coefficient in the gas phase (h_m) govern the release rate of the dispenser. Estimates of K_ma varied from 1×10⁶ to 4.55×10⁶ and h_m from 3.2×10^-3 to 5×10^-3 m s^-1 depending on the air velocity and temperature conditions. Temperature dependence of K_ma was most significant and was addressed by estimating the enthalpy of the pheromone partitioning between the matrix dispenser and air

{Δ H}_{ma}

(102 kJ mol^-1). The results led to the development of a model based on K_ma and h_m as the main parameters describing pheromone release from the matrix dispenser. A good agreement was found between the measurements obtained in field and model predictions. This model could be an effective tool for adjusting the release rate of pheromone dispensers under practise conditions.

在耕地中引入性信息素，造成交配中断，从而保护作物免受害虫侵害。本文研究了一种被封装在固体基质中的模型信息素（醋酸十二酯）的释放特性。释放动力学是在现场通过提取和定量分配器中剩余的信息素，并在实验室通过受控条件下的排放室测试获得的。结果表明，在田间条件下，前60 d的释放速率为1.53 mg d -1，符合准零级释放动力学；排放数据表明，基质/空气分配系数（Kma）和气相对流传递系数（hm）这两个关键参数决定了分配器的释放速率。Kma的估计值从1×106到4.55×106不等，hm从3.2×10-3到5×10-3 m s-1不等，这取决于空气速度和温度条件。Kma的温度依赖性最为显著，并通过估算信息素在基质分配器和空气之间分配的焓ΔHma （102 kJ mol-1）来解决。研究结果建立了以Kma和hm为主要参数的信息素释放模型。现场实测结果与模型预测结果吻合较好。该模型可作为实际条件下信息素释放速率调节的有效工具。

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引用次数: 0

Optimisation design and experimental analysis of rotary blade reinforcing ribs using DEM-FEM techniques 利用 DEM-FEM 技术对旋转叶片加强筋进行优化设计和实验分析

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.015

Xiaochuan Zhao , Janguo Zhao , Jiale Zhao , Zhikai Ma , Jianchang Li , Binhao Dai , Meilin An , Jiaping Wang , Jianjun Hao

This study addresses the prevalent issue of rotary blade fractures in tillage operations by designing a new type of reinforcing rib that mitigates neck force and alleviates stress concentration. Initially, utilising traditional design concepts, the side-plate reinforcing rib was segmented into units and analysed using ANSYS to develop an initial model. Evaluation indices such as specific strength structural efficiency and specific stiffness structural efficiency were employed to perform orthogonal optimisation of the rib dimensions, achieving optimal measurements of 72.9 mm in length, 15.7 mm in width, and 3.5 mm in thickness. These dimensions enhance the specific strength structural efficiency by 14.14% and the specific stiffness structural efficiency by 0.95% compared to the initial model. Further, the rib's mathematical model was refined and generalised by a curve-fitting method across different rotary blade models (IT series), followed by topological optimisation to fine-tune morphological features. This optimisation reduced the model's mass by 9.78% and improved efficiency metrics by 2.6% (strength) and 0.5% (stiffness). Comparative experiments using DEM-FEM coupled analysis were conducted on three optimised models to assess the redesigned blade's performance. The experiments evaluated key performance metrics such as neck force, maximum stress, fatigue life, and ultimate fracture stress. The results indicate that after two rounds of optimisation, the blade's neck force was reduced by 16.85%, the maximum stress decreased by 15.22%, the fatigue life increased by 76.03%, and the ultimate fracture stress improved by 20.16%. These changes align with the optimisation objectives. Subsequent control and calibration tests produced a load-strain curve that validated the simulation data with a marginal error range of 3%–10%, validating the simulation's accuracy. This research provides a robust theoretical framework for optimising the reinforcing rib and fracture resistance of rotary blades.

本研究通过设计一种新型加强筋来减轻颈部受力并缓解应力集中，从而解决耕作作业中普遍存在的旋耕刀断裂问题。首先，利用传统的设计理念，将侧板加强筋划分为若干单元，并使用 ANSYS 进行分析，以建立初始模型。采用比强度结构效率和比刚度结构效率等评估指标对加强筋尺寸进行正交优化，实现了长度为 72.9 毫米、宽度为 15.7 毫米、厚度为 3.5 毫米的最佳测量值。与初始模型相比，这些尺寸使比强度结构效率提高了 14.14%，比刚度结构效率提高了 0.95%。此外，还采用曲线拟合方法对不同旋转叶片模型（IT 系列）的肋条数学模型进行了改进和概括，然后进行拓扑优化以微调形态特征。优化后的模型质量减轻了 9.78%，效率指标提高了 2.6%（强度）和 0.5%（刚度）。使用 DEM-FEM 耦合分析对三个优化模型进行了对比实验，以评估重新设计的叶片性能。实验评估了关键性能指标，如颈力、最大应力、疲劳寿命和极限断裂应力。结果表明，经过两轮优化后，叶片的颈部力降低了 16.85%，最大应力降低了 15.22%，疲劳寿命提高了 76.03%，极限断裂应力提高了 20.16%。这些变化符合优化目标。随后的控制和校准测试得出的载荷-应变曲线验证了模拟数据，边际误差范围为 3%-10%，验证了模拟的准确性。这项研究为优化回转叶片的加强筋和抗断裂性能提供了一个强大的理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Guidelines for mechanical weeding: Developing weed control lines through point extraction at maize root zones 机械除草指南：通过在玉米根区进行点拔除，开发杂草控制线

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.003

Xinyue Zhang , Qingjie Wang , Chao Wang , Xiuhong Wang , Zhengxin Xu , Caiyun Lu

Precision agriculture advancements are epitomised by precision mechanical weeding, which contributes significantly to sustainable farming practices. Traditional leaf-recognition technologies fail to meet the stringent requirements of precision weeding because they do not adequately guide weeding tools that operate close to seedling roots, such as finger weeders, to minimise crop damage. To address this issue, a novel method is developed to delineate paths for weeding tools, thereby preventing harm to seedlings. This method employs an advanced version of YOLOv8Pose to detect weeding areas around maize seedlings by pinpointing key points on the maize seedlings. To enhance the detection accuracy, a multi-scale dilation attention (MSDA) module and a lightweight reparameterisable EfficientRep module were used. The root connection line of the maize row was obtained by sequentially connecting the key point positions. The guide line for the weeding component was then determined by correcting this root connection line using the median absolute deviation (MAD) as the threshold. The approach demonstrated a remarkable precision in guiding weeding lines with an angular error of only 0–3° and a recognition rate of 100 FPS. In actual weeding operations, the effective weeding rate was 95.6%, which was far better than the 74.2% obtained by the leaf recognition-based method. This innovative method not only enhances weeding precision but also significantly reduces crop damage risk, thereby fostering more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.

精准机械除草是精准农业进步的缩影，它为可持续农业实践做出了巨大贡献。传统的叶片识别技术无法满足精准除草的严格要求，因为它们无法充分引导指状除草机等靠近秧苗根部作业的除草工具将作物损害降至最低。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种新方法来为除草工具划定路径，从而防止对秧苗造成伤害。该方法采用了先进的 YOLOv8Pose 版本，通过精确定位玉米秧苗上的关键点来检测玉米秧苗周围的除草区域。为了提高检测精度，使用了多尺度扩张注意（MSDA）模块和轻量级可重参数 EfficientRep 模块。玉米行的根连接线是通过依次连接关键点位置得到的。然后，使用中位绝对偏差（MAD）作为阈值，对根连接线进行修正，从而确定除草组件的引导线。该方法在指导除草线方面表现出了极高的精确度，角度误差仅为 0-3°，识别率达到 100 FPS。在实际除草作业中，有效除草率为 95.6%，远高于基于叶片识别方法的 74.2%。这种创新方法不仅提高了除草精度，还大大降低了作物受损风险，从而促进了更有效和可持续的农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of water distribution and uniformity of sprinkler irrigation based on harmonic analysis and finite element method 基于谐波分析和有限元法的喷灌配水和均匀性评估

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biosystems Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.010

Xiaofang Chen , Rui Chen , Jian Wang , Hong Li , Weibin Zhang

A model that describes the water distribution of a single fixed spray plate sprinkler (FSPS) based on the harmonic analysis was proposed. The relationship between the pressure head, nozzle diameter, mean sprinkler irrigation depth, and amplitude was established. An analytical model for evaluating the sprinkler irrigation uniformity coefficient of a multi-sprinkler combination was developed by introducing a weighting coefficient. In conjunction with the sprinkler irrigation system's finite element hydraulic calculation model, the impact of the pipe diameter, sprinkler number, and sprinkler spacing on system energy loss, pressure head, and sprinkler irrigation system uniformity was assessed. The results demonstrated that under varying pressures and nozzle diameters, the Camargo and Sentelhas coefficient (c) between the measured and fitted mean value of the sprinkler irrigation depth of a single FSPS was greater than 0.99, while the c between the measured and fitted amplitude value was approximately 0.93. Under different combinations of nozzle, pressure head, and sprinkler spacings, the measured, derived, and calculated values of 54 sprinkler irrigation uniformity combinations were basically consistent. The uniformity of the combined FSPS under a linear-move sprinkler system was significantly affected by nozzle diameter, pipe diameter, sprinkler spacing, and inlet pressure head at 0.01 level. The number of sprinklers also had a significant impact at 0.05 level. The findings of this study could serve as a theoretical foundation for the proper design of linear-move sprinkler irrigation systems.

基于谐波分析，提出了描述单个固定喷洒板喷灌机（FSPS）水量分布的模型。建立了压头、喷嘴直径、平均喷灌深度和振幅之间的关系。通过引入加权系数，建立了多喷头组合喷灌均匀系数的分析评估模型。结合喷灌系统的有限元水力计算模型，评估了管道直径、喷头数量和喷头间距对系统能量损失、压头和喷灌系统均匀性的影响。结果表明，在不同压力和喷头直径条件下，单个 FSPS 喷灌深度测量值与拟合平均值之间的卡马戈和森特哈斯系数（c）大于 0.99，而测量值与拟合振幅值之间的系数约为 0.93。在喷头、压头和喷头间距的不同组合下，54 个喷灌均匀度组合的测量值、推导值和计算值基本一致。在 0.01 水平下，喷头直径、管道直径、喷头间距和入口压头对线性移动喷灌系统下的综合 FSPS 的均匀性有显著影响。在 0.05 水平上，喷头数量也有明显影响。这项研究的结果可作为正确设计直线运动喷灌系统的理论基础。

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