Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad041
A. Sorokin, O. Yatsenko, A. V. Bobrov, M. Romanov, N. S. Zdravchev, P. S. Iovlev, Anton S Timchenko, A. Mikhaylova, Natalia D Vasekha, Kirill V Kuptsov
According to modern phylogenetic data, the monotypic subfamily Enkianthoideae is sister to all other subfamilies of the family Ericaceae s.l. Aiming to determine the peculiarities of development and structure of Enkianthus pericarp and to reveal the principal characters of its structure, which can be original for the Ericaceae, we have studied fruit anatomical structure at different stages of development in four species of the genus Enkianthus belonging to three sections: Meisteria, Enkiantella, Enkianthus. The pericarp of superior loculicidal capsule of Enkianthus is differentiated into three histogenetic zones: (i) one-layered exocarp, (ii) multilayered mesocarp differentiated into two histological zones: the peripheral parenchymatous one, and the inner sclerenchymatous one, and (iii) one-layered endocarp composed of tangentially elongated sclereids. It has been shown that the lignification of cells of the endocarp proceeds after the lignification of the inner zone of the mesocarp. Our investigation demonstrates that the superior loculicidal capsules of Enkianthus are capsules of Hamamelis type, which are recognized as the probable ancestral (plesiomorphic) fruit type for other subfamilies of Ericaceae. This fruit type is recognized as the original in several modes of morphogenetic transformations of fruit in Ericaceae family, from which other types of capsules, pyrenariums, and berries originated.
{"title":"The pericarp structure and histogenesis in Enkianthus: on the ancestral fruit type in Ericaceae family","authors":"A. Sorokin, O. Yatsenko, A. V. Bobrov, M. Romanov, N. S. Zdravchev, P. S. Iovlev, Anton S Timchenko, A. Mikhaylova, Natalia D Vasekha, Kirill V Kuptsov","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 According to modern phylogenetic data, the monotypic subfamily Enkianthoideae is sister to all other subfamilies of the family Ericaceae s.l. Aiming to determine the peculiarities of development and structure of Enkianthus pericarp and to reveal the principal characters of its structure, which can be original for the Ericaceae, we have studied fruit anatomical structure at different stages of development in four species of the genus Enkianthus belonging to three sections: Meisteria, Enkiantella, Enkianthus. The pericarp of superior loculicidal capsule of Enkianthus is differentiated into three histogenetic zones: (i) one-layered exocarp, (ii) multilayered mesocarp differentiated into two histological zones: the peripheral parenchymatous one, and the inner sclerenchymatous one, and (iii) one-layered endocarp composed of tangentially elongated sclereids. It has been shown that the lignification of cells of the endocarp proceeds after the lignification of the inner zone of the mesocarp. Our investigation demonstrates that the superior loculicidal capsules of Enkianthus are capsules of Hamamelis type, which are recognized as the probable ancestral (plesiomorphic) fruit type for other subfamilies of Ericaceae. This fruit type is recognized as the original in several modes of morphogenetic transformations of fruit in Ericaceae family, from which other types of capsules, pyrenariums, and berries originated.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad014
Sami Touafchia, Olivier Maurin, Boonchuang Boonsuk, Trevor R Hodkinson, Pranom Chantaranothai, Nantenaina Rakotomalala, Fenitra Randrianarimanana, Jean Augustin Randriamampianina, Shyamali Roy, Lorna MacKinnon, Mijoro Rakotoarinivo, Guillaume Besnard, Thomas Haevermans, Maria S Vorontsova
Abstract Digitaria is a large pantropical genus, which includes a number of economically problematic agricultural weeds. Difficulties in species identification and the circumscription of the genus have previously hindered progress in understanding its evolution and developing a stable classification. We investigate the evolutionary history of Digitaria by combining two approaches: (i) phylogenetic analyses of the currently available Sanger sequence data with previously unpublished sequences mainly from South East Asia, and (ii) newly generated genomic data from low-copy nuclear genes obtained using the Angiosperms353 probe kit, with new data mainly from Madagascar. Both methods gave congruent results. The combination of these results allowed us to confirm a new clade structure within Digitaria lineages, in partial agreement with the previous morphology-based classifications. We confirm that Digitaria as traditionally circumscribed is not monophyletic, comprising Anthephora, Baptorhachis, Chaetopoa, and Chlorocalymma. We present an inference of key character evolution with morphological support for clades with spikelets arranged in binate and ternate groups, with variable trichome morphology, spikelet length, and culm length. Geographical clade structure is also observed. No phylogenetic signal of weedy function was observed.
{"title":"Evolutionary history, traits, and weediness in <i>Digitaria</i> (Poaceae: Panicoideae)","authors":"Sami Touafchia, Olivier Maurin, Boonchuang Boonsuk, Trevor R Hodkinson, Pranom Chantaranothai, Nantenaina Rakotomalala, Fenitra Randrianarimanana, Jean Augustin Randriamampianina, Shyamali Roy, Lorna MacKinnon, Mijoro Rakotoarinivo, Guillaume Besnard, Thomas Haevermans, Maria S Vorontsova","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digitaria is a large pantropical genus, which includes a number of economically problematic agricultural weeds. Difficulties in species identification and the circumscription of the genus have previously hindered progress in understanding its evolution and developing a stable classification. We investigate the evolutionary history of Digitaria by combining two approaches: (i) phylogenetic analyses of the currently available Sanger sequence data with previously unpublished sequences mainly from South East Asia, and (ii) newly generated genomic data from low-copy nuclear genes obtained using the Angiosperms353 probe kit, with new data mainly from Madagascar. Both methods gave congruent results. The combination of these results allowed us to confirm a new clade structure within Digitaria lineages, in partial agreement with the previous morphology-based classifications. We confirm that Digitaria as traditionally circumscribed is not monophyletic, comprising Anthephora, Baptorhachis, Chaetopoa, and Chlorocalymma. We present an inference of key character evolution with morphological support for clades with spikelets arranged in binate and ternate groups, with variable trichome morphology, spikelet length, and culm length. Geographical clade structure is also observed. No phylogenetic signal of weedy function was observed.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135656305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad028
Michael P. D'Antonio
It is thought that arborescent lycopsid cambial expansion kept pace with radial wood growth via tangential broadening of the fusiform initials, resulting in progressive outward expansion in tracheid diameters and an absence of de novo tracheid files. This pattern appears in distal lycopsid axes but has not been investigated in proximal-most trunk vasculature where wood was thickest and primary xylem thinnest. Here, a ground-level trunk vasculature fossil of Sigillaria approximata in transverse section is described. This proximal vasculature diverges from the expectations of the current lycopsid wood production model in two main ways: first, inner and outer wood tracheids have approximately the same lumen diameters, such that there is no trend towards centrifugally increasing lumen diameters; and second, de novo cell files commonly appear within the wood. The outwards rate of cambial circumference expansion closely tracks the outwards rate of new wood tracheid file appearance, suggesting that the addition of new files is the primary way the cambium expanded proximally. Because this vasculature can only be studied in transverse section, the developmental mode producing new files cannot be determined. However, evidence from this specimen is sufficient to demonstrate that arborescent lycopsid wood production was more complex than previously understood.
{"title":"Atypical tracheid organization in proximal wood of late Palaeozoic Sigillaria approximata Fontaine et White (Lycopsida)","authors":"Michael P. D'Antonio","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is thought that arborescent lycopsid cambial expansion kept pace with radial wood growth via tangential broadening of the fusiform initials, resulting in progressive outward expansion in tracheid diameters and an absence of de novo tracheid files. This pattern appears in distal lycopsid axes but has not been investigated in proximal-most trunk vasculature where wood was thickest and primary xylem thinnest. Here, a ground-level trunk vasculature fossil of Sigillaria approximata in transverse section is described. This proximal vasculature diverges from the expectations of the current lycopsid wood production model in two main ways: first, inner and outer wood tracheids have approximately the same lumen diameters, such that there is no trend towards centrifugally increasing lumen diameters; and second, de novo cell files commonly appear within the wood. The outwards rate of cambial circumference expansion closely tracks the outwards rate of new wood tracheid file appearance, suggesting that the addition of new files is the primary way the cambium expanded proximally. Because this vasculature can only be studied in transverse section, the developmental mode producing new files cannot be determined. However, evidence from this specimen is sufficient to demonstrate that arborescent lycopsid wood production was more complex than previously understood.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49337904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad031
Megan Quail, F. Ramos, T. Dallimore, P. Ashton, Jennifer Clayton-Brown, J. Provan, S. Batke
Increasing urban expansion has resulted in the decline of many natural and seminatural communities globally. However, the connectivity and genetic structure of species that survive in these urban landscapes have received little attention, especially with regard to epiphytic plants. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the connectivity and genetic structure of populations of Tillandsia recurvata, a highly abundant and widely distributed atmospheric epiphyte, amongst urban green spaces within a city. A total of 288 T. recurvata individuals were sampled across 65 trees throughout the city of Alfenas in South-East Brazil. We designed seven novel microsatellite markers and used four cross-amplified loci to determine the basic genetic structure of T. recurvata. All populations showed high global spatial genetic structure, which indicated low connectivity between urban populations. The findings of this study, as well as evidence from previous assessments of T. recurvata genetic structure, suggest that the combined effects of genetic drift, breeding system, and dispersal may have dictated the connectivity of these urban populations. This study represents an important step towards understanding epiphyte population structure within urban landscapes. Low connectivity across urban landscapes is likely to benefit epiphytes such as T. recurvata, due to their adaptability and high tolerance; this suggests a bleak future for many other more sensitive epiphytic species under predicted urbanization globally.
{"title":"Surrounded by concrete: genetic isolation of Tillandsia recurvata L. in an urban landscape in southeastern Brazil","authors":"Megan Quail, F. Ramos, T. Dallimore, P. Ashton, Jennifer Clayton-Brown, J. Provan, S. Batke","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing urban expansion has resulted in the decline of many natural and seminatural communities globally. However, the connectivity and genetic structure of species that survive in these urban landscapes have received little attention, especially with regard to epiphytic plants. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the connectivity and genetic structure of populations of Tillandsia recurvata, a highly abundant and widely distributed atmospheric epiphyte, amongst urban green spaces within a city. A total of 288 T. recurvata individuals were sampled across 65 trees throughout the city of Alfenas in South-East Brazil. We designed seven novel microsatellite markers and used four cross-amplified loci to determine the basic genetic structure of T. recurvata. All populations showed high global spatial genetic structure, which indicated low connectivity between urban populations. The findings of this study, as well as evidence from previous assessments of T. recurvata genetic structure, suggest that the combined effects of genetic drift, breeding system, and dispersal may have dictated the connectivity of these urban populations. This study represents an important step towards understanding epiphyte population structure within urban landscapes. Low connectivity across urban landscapes is likely to benefit epiphytes such as T. recurvata, due to their adaptability and high tolerance; this suggests a bleak future for many other more sensitive epiphytic species under predicted urbanization globally.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intracellular gene transfer is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces for species evolution. Here we investigated transferred cytoplasmic motifs in green plants including spore-bearing plants and seed-bearing plants (hereafter termed spore plants and seed plants) . Our analyses revealed that gene transfer in spore plants was characterized by shorter motifs than that of seed plants. Several spore species did not exhibit intracellular gene transfer. Meanwhile, high frequency transferred tRNA genes were identified with average values of minimum free energy at moderate level. From the chloroplast to the mitochondrial genome, trnP was found to have transferred with high frequency in green plants. In gene transfer from the mitochondrial to the chloroplast genome, trnN was found to be a highly transferred gene. We observed that several tRNA genes including trnF, trnW, and trnN were involved in bidirectional transfer, which may be related to application strategy of functional protein-coding genes in a plant’s adaptive evolution. Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) analysis showed that codon usage was unbalanced in spore and seed plants. CAI values for seed plants were higher than those for spore plants in general, which may reveal rapid divergence adaptability of codon usage in the former. These results provide novel insights into gene transfer and codon usage within cytoplasmic genomes.
{"title":"Intracellular gene transfer and codon usage of cytoplasmic genomes in green plants","authors":"Tingting Zhang, Yang-Yan Zhang, Xiao-Ling Wang, Chen-Qi Zhang, Wenyong Shi, Ai-Gen Fu, Min-Feng Fang, Xiao Zhang, Zhong‐Hu Li","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Intracellular gene transfer is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces for species evolution. Here we investigated transferred cytoplasmic motifs in green plants including spore-bearing plants and seed-bearing plants (hereafter termed spore plants and seed plants) . Our analyses revealed that gene transfer in spore plants was characterized by shorter motifs than that of seed plants. Several spore species did not exhibit intracellular gene transfer. Meanwhile, high frequency transferred tRNA genes were identified with average values of minimum free energy at moderate level. From the chloroplast to the mitochondrial genome, trnP was found to have transferred with high frequency in green plants. In gene transfer from the mitochondrial to the chloroplast genome, trnN was found to be a highly transferred gene. We observed that several tRNA genes including trnF, trnW, and trnN were involved in bidirectional transfer, which may be related to application strategy of functional protein-coding genes in a plant’s adaptive evolution. Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) analysis showed that codon usage was unbalanced in spore and seed plants. CAI values for seed plants were higher than those for spore plants in general, which may reveal rapid divergence adaptability of codon usage in the former. These results provide novel insights into gene transfer and codon usage within cytoplasmic genomes.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41399256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad013
Ninah Andrianasolo Sandratriniaina, Ravo Nantenaina Ramanantsialonina, Bakolimalala Rakouth, M. Wiemann, J. Hermanson, Bako Harisoa Ravaomanalina
Eighty-eight of the 255 Diospyros species from Madagascar are potential sources of ebony wood. Unfortunately, several species are currently threatened with extinction due in part to illegal and unsustainable logging. Reliable identification of living Diospyros species is necessary prior to any sustainable exploitation, so as not to compromise those species threatened with extinction. This study aims to identify features that might contribute to supporting taxonomic studies and to provide a complementary tool for the identification of standing trees. Fifteen species of Diospyros endemic to Madagascar were studied using standard anatomical methods. Each species showed a different shape of the leaf midrib and some have distinctive leaf anatomical characteristics, such as the presence of extrafloral nectaries in the distal part of the petiole in Diospyros baronii and filiform sclerenchyma in the mesophyll in Diospyros lewisiae. Statistical analysis showed that petiole and midrib vascular patterns, spongy parenchyma structure, the presence of papillae, thickness of epidermis, presence of extrafloral nectaries, stratification of epidermis, and presence of a cuticle are useful to distinguish species groups and even some species. The anatomy of young stems and leaves of Diospyros species from Madagascar is examined for the first time; the study will be extended to other potentially exploitable species.
{"title":"Young stem and leaf anatomy of 15 Malagasy-endemic Diospyros species (Ebenaceae): taxonomic implications","authors":"Ninah Andrianasolo Sandratriniaina, Ravo Nantenaina Ramanantsialonina, Bakolimalala Rakouth, M. Wiemann, J. Hermanson, Bako Harisoa Ravaomanalina","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eighty-eight of the 255 Diospyros species from Madagascar are potential sources of ebony wood. Unfortunately, several species are currently threatened with extinction due in part to illegal and unsustainable logging. Reliable identification of living Diospyros species is necessary prior to any sustainable exploitation, so as not to compromise those species threatened with extinction. This study aims to identify features that might contribute to supporting taxonomic studies and to provide a complementary tool for the identification of standing trees. Fifteen species of Diospyros endemic to Madagascar were studied using standard anatomical methods. Each species showed a different shape of the leaf midrib and some have distinctive leaf anatomical characteristics, such as the presence of extrafloral nectaries in the distal part of the petiole in Diospyros baronii and filiform sclerenchyma in the mesophyll in Diospyros lewisiae. Statistical analysis showed that petiole and midrib vascular patterns, spongy parenchyma structure, the presence of papillae, thickness of epidermis, presence of extrafloral nectaries, stratification of epidermis, and presence of a cuticle are useful to distinguish species groups and even some species. The anatomy of young stems and leaves of Diospyros species from Madagascar is examined for the first time; the study will be extended to other potentially exploitable species.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad016
S. Noetinger, I. Aramendía, Roberto R. Pujana, J. G. García Massini, V. Barreda
Southern Patagonia contains several Eocene fossiliferous deposits that have only been superficially explored and studied. One of these corresponds to the La Marcelina Formation with outcrops in the south-western slope of the Deseado Massif, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. No detailed palynological studies have been performed so far in this unit. Here we estimate the age, palaeoenvironment, and climatic conditions based on the analysis of terrestrially derived spores, algae cysts, and pollen grains. The recovered association supports an Eocene age and concurs with a mixed flora, including Gondwanan and Neotropical elements, dominated by Podocarpaceae, Nothofagaceae, and Proteaceae, and that probably developed under a temperate and humid climate. Overall, these results expand our understanding of the composition of Eocene floras from the highest latitudes of South America, as well as provide new evidence of past paleoclimates for the area.
{"title":"Eocene palynoflora from the La Marcelina Formation, Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"S. Noetinger, I. Aramendía, Roberto R. Pujana, J. G. García Massini, V. Barreda","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Southern Patagonia contains several Eocene fossiliferous deposits that have only been superficially explored and studied. One of these corresponds to the La Marcelina Formation with outcrops in the south-western slope of the Deseado Massif, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. No detailed palynological studies have been performed so far in this unit. Here we estimate the age, palaeoenvironment, and climatic conditions based on the analysis of terrestrially derived spores, algae cysts, and pollen grains. The recovered association supports an Eocene age and concurs with a mixed flora, including Gondwanan and Neotropical elements, dominated by Podocarpaceae, Nothofagaceae, and Proteaceae, and that probably developed under a temperate and humid climate. Overall, these results expand our understanding of the composition of Eocene floras from the highest latitudes of South America, as well as provide new evidence of past paleoclimates for the area.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad019
Janice Valencia-D., Kurt M. Neubig, D. Clark
The transfer of DNA among distantly related organisms is relatively common in bacteria but less prevalent in eukaryotes. Among fungi and plants, few of these events have been reported. Two segments of fungal mitochondrial DNA have been recently discovered in the mitogenome of orchids. Here, we build on that work to understand the timing of those transfer events, which orchids retain the fungal DNA and the fate of the foreign DNA during orchid evolution. We update the content of the large DNA fragment and establish that it was transferred to the most recent common ancestor of a highly diverse clade of epidendroid orchids that lived ~28–43 Mya. Also, we present hypotheses of the origin of the small transferred fragment. Our findings deepen the knowledge of these interesting DNA transfers among organelles and we formulate a probable mechanism for these horizontal gene transfer events.
{"title":"The origin and fate of fungal mitochondrial horizontal gene transferred sequences in orchids (Orchidaceae)","authors":"Janice Valencia-D., Kurt M. Neubig, D. Clark","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The transfer of DNA among distantly related organisms is relatively common in bacteria but less prevalent in eukaryotes. Among fungi and plants, few of these events have been reported. Two segments of fungal mitochondrial DNA have been recently discovered in the mitogenome of orchids. Here, we build on that work to understand the timing of those transfer events, which orchids retain the fungal DNA and the fate of the foreign DNA during orchid evolution. We update the content of the large DNA fragment and establish that it was transferred to the most recent common ancestor of a highly diverse clade of epidendroid orchids that lived ~28–43 Mya. Also, we present hypotheses of the origin of the small transferred fragment. Our findings deepen the knowledge of these interesting DNA transfers among organelles and we formulate a probable mechanism for these horizontal gene transfer events.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45463671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad023
Mariela Nuñez-Florentin, B. Verstraete, R. M. Salas, S. Dessein
The orbicules are tiny structures of sporopollenin that occur on the interior wall of anthers in several groups of plants, and they are associated with pollen grains and tapetal cells. Although their function remains still unresolved, they have been widely used in systematics. Rubiaceae is one of the most studied families in this aspect. However, scarce information is available about the orbicules in the tribe Spermacoceae, especially in the Spermacoce clade. The main objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence, general morphology, evolution, and systematic utility of the orbicular characters in the Spermacoce clade. We investigated the presence/absence, size, abundance, shape, and ornamentation of orbicules in 104 specimens from 84 species in the Spermacoce clade using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of these features, the ancestral state reconstruction analyses were performed on a custom-made phylogeny by stochastic character mapping. The orbicules are present in 38 (44%) of 84 analysed species, corresponding to 13 genera (56%) of the Spermacoce clade. Seven genera have orbicules in all analysed species, eight genera lack orbicules in all analysed species, and six genera show both presence and absence of orbicules. The absence of orbicules was estimated to be the ancestral state for the Spermacoce clade and the presence of orbicules evolved several times independently within Clade B. The absence of orbicules in the common ancestor of the Spermacoce clade can be seen as one of the independent losses that occurred during the evolutionary history of the Rubiaceae.
{"title":"Insights into the morphology and evolution of orbicules in the Spermacoce clade (Spermacoceae-Rubiaceae) and implications for systematics","authors":"Mariela Nuñez-Florentin, B. Verstraete, R. M. Salas, S. Dessein","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The orbicules are tiny structures of sporopollenin that occur on the interior wall of anthers in several groups of plants, and they are associated with pollen grains and tapetal cells. Although their function remains still unresolved, they have been widely used in systematics. Rubiaceae is one of the most studied families in this aspect. However, scarce information is available about the orbicules in the tribe Spermacoceae, especially in the Spermacoce clade. The main objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence, general morphology, evolution, and systematic utility of the orbicular characters in the Spermacoce clade. We investigated the presence/absence, size, abundance, shape, and ornamentation of orbicules in 104 specimens from 84 species in the Spermacoce clade using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of these features, the ancestral state reconstruction analyses were performed on a custom-made phylogeny by stochastic character mapping. The orbicules are present in 38 (44%) of 84 analysed species, corresponding to 13 genera (56%) of the Spermacoce clade. Seven genera have orbicules in all analysed species, eight genera lack orbicules in all analysed species, and six genera show both presence and absence of orbicules. The absence of orbicules was estimated to be the ancestral state for the Spermacoce clade and the presence of orbicules evolved several times independently within Clade B. The absence of orbicules in the common ancestor of the Spermacoce clade can be seen as one of the independent losses that occurred during the evolutionary history of the Rubiaceae.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad018
Cui Liu, Rui Zhang, Lin Li, Junyan Su, Shengdan Wu, L. Xiong, Linjing Zhang
The evolutionary history of herbaceous species in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. The genus Cerastium is one of the most species-rich herbaceous genera in the Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae), and is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, it provides an ideal opportunity to explore the biogeographical history of herbs in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Cerastium with 75 species based on one nuclear and five plastid DNA markers. We then use an integrated phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographical, and diversification rate method to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of Cerastium. Cerastium is strongly supported as monophyletic and contains three major clades (Orthodon, Strephodon, and C. fragillimum). Cerastium originated from Europe in the middle Miocene (c. 13.45 million years ago), and subsequently colonized the New World, Africa, Asia, and Australasia through multiple intercontinental dispersal events. The dispersal of Cerastium from Europe (to both the East and West) and subsequent diversifications contributed to the formation of its contemporary Holarctic distribution pattern. The genus experienced rapid lineage accumulation during the late Miocene, possibly coinciding with a global decrease in temperature. These findings highlight the importance of the Northern Hemisphere in herbaceous species diversification in the late Miocene and Pliocene, and will deepen our understanding of the evolution of herbaceous plants.
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