Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2019.07.00191
Oladosu Sa, Coker Ao, Nwaokorie F, Olaniran O, Olawale Jt, Oyetoke Oo, Awoyeni Ea
Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern as the clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is being threatened by the emergence of multidrug resistance pathogens. Phyllantusamarus has been showing to possess various properties including antibacterial property by many authors. This study was therefore designed to investigate the antibacterial effects of aqueous and methanolic extract of Phyllantusamarus on urinary tract pathogens. 10g of the concentrated extract from methanol and aqueous was simultaneously dissolved in 100ml of water and used to make two-fold dilutions, to give100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8mg/ml as extract concentrations. 10 different concentrations, 12.5, 6.3, 3.2, 1.6, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05mg/ml and 5µg/ml, of the control drug ciprofloxacin were also prepared. The phytochemical constituents of both methanolic and aqueous extract were also investigated. Fourteen isolates from urine sample were identified. These isolates, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klesiella pneumonia, Enteroccocusfeacalis, Proteus mirabillis, Staphylococcus saprophytic sand Control standard Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were subjected to antibacterial effect of varying concentration of these methanolic and aqueous extract of phyllantusamarus and standard drug ciprofloxacin using agar well diffusion method. The diameter in millmiters of the inhibition zones was measured, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were also determined. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 17. The extract was found to containsaponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phlobatanins and terpenoids. Both aqueous and methanolic extract of P. amarus caused a concentration dependent increase in zones of inhibition of the growth of the isolates. The MIC and MBC values were however found to be high compare to the standard. There was no significant different between Agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method. The study clearly showed that P. amarus has appreciable antibacterial properties. However, there is need for improvement in approaches for natural product isolation and characterization so that the bioactivity and potency of the drug can be improved upon.
{"title":"Antibacterial effects of Phyllantus amarus on urinary tract pathogens","authors":"Oladosu Sa, Coker Ao, Nwaokorie F, Olaniran O, Olawale Jt, Oyetoke Oo, Awoyeni Ea","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2019.07.00191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2019.07.00191","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern as the clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is being threatened by the emergence of multidrug resistance pathogens. Phyllantusamarus has been showing to possess various properties including antibacterial property by many authors. This study was therefore designed to investigate the antibacterial effects of aqueous and methanolic extract of Phyllantusamarus on urinary tract pathogens. 10g of the concentrated extract from methanol and aqueous was simultaneously dissolved in 100ml of water and used to make two-fold dilutions, to give100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8mg/ml as extract concentrations. 10 different concentrations, 12.5, 6.3, 3.2, 1.6, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05mg/ml and 5µg/ml, of the control drug ciprofloxacin were also prepared. The phytochemical constituents of both methanolic and aqueous extract were also investigated. Fourteen isolates from urine sample were identified. These isolates, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klesiella pneumonia, Enteroccocusfeacalis, Proteus mirabillis, Staphylococcus saprophytic sand Control standard Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were subjected to antibacterial effect of varying concentration of these methanolic and aqueous extract of phyllantusamarus and standard drug ciprofloxacin using agar well diffusion method. The diameter in millmiters of the inhibition zones was measured, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were also determined. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 17. The extract was found to containsaponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phlobatanins and terpenoids. Both aqueous and methanolic extract of P. amarus caused a concentration dependent increase in zones of inhibition of the growth of the isolates. The MIC and MBC values were however found to be high compare to the standard. There was no significant different between Agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method. The study clearly showed that P. amarus has appreciable antibacterial properties. However, there is need for improvement in approaches for natural product isolation and characterization so that the bioactivity and potency of the drug can be improved upon.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46418368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00189
Menka Kapil, G. Gupta, R. Sareen
Quality is simply defined as doing right things for the right people, at the right time and doing them right Quality is simply for the first time. It is a process which involves patient centered care, safety, effectiveness and efficacy. Achievement and maintainance of quality needs stringent control in clinical laboratory. Lack of quality is a burden to the society that can be measured in lost lives and wasted resources. So the quality measures are urgent attention. For improvement in quality six sigma principle has to be applied in clinical laboratory. Although the cost increases a little bit but the money spent on implementation of six sigma are eventually realized by eliminating rework, reducing errors and increasing patient volume.
{"title":"Implementation of six sigma in clinical laboratory a new Persuation","authors":"Menka Kapil, G. Gupta, R. Sareen","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00189","url":null,"abstract":"Quality is simply defined as doing right things for the right people, at the right time and doing them right Quality is simply for the first time. It is a process which involves patient centered care, safety, effectiveness and efficacy. Achievement and maintainance of quality needs stringent control in clinical laboratory. Lack of quality is a burden to the society that can be measured in lost lives and wasted resources. So the quality measures are urgent attention. For improvement in quality six sigma principle has to be applied in clinical laboratory. Although the cost increases a little bit but the money spent on implementation of six sigma are eventually realized by eliminating rework, reducing errors and increasing patient volume.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67070975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00188
H. Fayed, Abdallah Elaiw Mohammed, Mohamed Badawy, A. Yassin
Purpose: The host immune/inflammatory cells play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) evolution. We aimed to validate the utility of immunological, inflammatory, and nutritional-based indices in active pulmonary TB (APTB). Patients and methods: fifty PTB patients with fifty healthy subjects were included. Sputum examined for acid-fast bacilli and peripheral blood samples collected to assess inflammatory indices as [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-platelet score (NPS), body mass index (BMI), ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or albumin-based as advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Results: Patients had a significantly lower BMI, Hb, lymphocyte, MPV, WBC/MPV, MLR, LMR, albumin, PNI, ALI, (P =0.00001) and significantly higher neutrophil, monocyte, RDW, NLR, PLR, ESR, CRP (P =0.00001). The increase in mycobacterial load significantly associated with decreased BMI, albumin, PNI, ALI and increased ESR, neutrophil count, CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, GPS, mGPS, and PLR. ROC curve analysis revealed that ESR, RDW, BMI, MLR, ALI, Hb, MPV, monocyte, NLR, PLR, albumin, and lymphocyte, had great decision power that could differentiate APTB patients from controls. The best cutoff value MPV (8.08 fL), albumin (3.99 g/dl), BMI (23.67 kg/m2), Hb (12.3 g/dl), and lymphocyte (2600×109/l) RDW (14.8%), monocyte (550×109/l), and ALI (53%) (P =0.0001). Regression analysis approved that MPV, albumin level; BMI, Hb, lymphocyte, and ALI had the highest odds ratio as the prognostic value of APTB Conclusion: the immunological, inflammatory, and nutritional-based scores are valuable prognostic tools that reflect the degree of host inflammatory activity that promotes disease progression.
{"title":"The utility and validity of immunological, inflammatory, and nutritional-based scores and indices in active Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"H. Fayed, Abdallah Elaiw Mohammed, Mohamed Badawy, A. Yassin","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00188","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The host immune/inflammatory cells play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) evolution. We aimed to validate the utility of immunological, inflammatory, and nutritional-based indices in active pulmonary TB (APTB). Patients and methods: fifty PTB patients with fifty healthy subjects were included. Sputum examined for acid-fast bacilli and peripheral blood samples collected to assess inflammatory indices as [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-platelet score (NPS), body mass index (BMI), ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or albumin-based as advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Results: Patients had a significantly lower BMI, Hb, lymphocyte, MPV, WBC/MPV, MLR, LMR, albumin, PNI, ALI, (P =0.00001) and significantly higher neutrophil, monocyte, RDW, NLR, PLR, ESR, CRP (P =0.00001). The increase in mycobacterial load significantly associated with decreased BMI, albumin, PNI, ALI and increased ESR, neutrophil count, CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, GPS, mGPS, and PLR. ROC curve analysis revealed that ESR, RDW, BMI, MLR, ALI, Hb, MPV, monocyte, NLR, PLR, albumin, and lymphocyte, had great decision power that could differentiate APTB patients from controls. The best cutoff value MPV (8.08 fL), albumin (3.99 g/dl), BMI (23.67 kg/m2), Hb (12.3 g/dl), and lymphocyte (2600×109/l) RDW (14.8%), monocyte (550×109/l), and ALI (53%) (P =0.0001). Regression analysis approved that MPV, albumin level; BMI, Hb, lymphocyte, and ALI had the highest odds ratio as the prognostic value of APTB Conclusion: the immunological, inflammatory, and nutritional-based scores are valuable prognostic tools that reflect the degree of host inflammatory activity that promotes disease progression.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00186
A. Komolafe
The postmortem examination is fundamental to the practice of medicine. This important aspect of medical practice is crucial for the understanding of principles of medicine and pathophysiologic phenomena. The autopsy is however bedeviled by subjectivities which are largely tied to the attending pathologist’s experience and idiosyncrasies. Subjective rather than objective deductions may lead to wrong conclusions with far reaching consequences in the adjudication of justice and public health issues. It is therefore highly imperative to have ground rules, laws and principles by which observations can be interpreted appropriately; devoid of the whims and caprices of specialists in anatomic pathology.
{"title":"Guiding principles and laws in the interpretation of postmortem findings","authors":"A. Komolafe","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00186","url":null,"abstract":"The postmortem examination is fundamental to the practice of medicine. This important aspect of medical practice is crucial for the understanding of principles of medicine and pathophysiologic phenomena. The autopsy is however bedeviled by subjectivities which are largely tied to the attending pathologist’s experience and idiosyncrasies. Subjective rather than objective deductions may lead to wrong conclusions with far reaching consequences in the adjudication of justice and public health issues. It is therefore highly imperative to have ground rules, laws and principles by which observations can be interpreted appropriately; devoid of the whims and caprices of specialists in anatomic pathology.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44245564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00185
G. Pennesi
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) transplanted into a recipient organism for therapeutic purposes exert their action not only by cell-to-cell contact, but also by secreting soluble factors. Since biological issues and regulatory constrains hamper the use of MSC for clinical purposes, novel approaches should be attempted. In the last years, the feasibility of using MSC-derived micro vesicles as potential mediators carrying tolerogenic molecules has been tested in pre-clinical modes of autoimmune diseases.
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases: future Perspectives","authors":"G. Pennesi","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) transplanted into a recipient organism for therapeutic purposes exert their action not only by cell-to-cell contact, but also by secreting soluble factors. Since biological issues and regulatory constrains hamper the use of MSC for clinical purposes, novel approaches should be attempted. In the last years, the feasibility of using MSC-derived micro vesicles as potential mediators carrying tolerogenic molecules has been tested in pre-clinical modes of autoimmune diseases.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00184
G. Drissi, M. Khaled, H. Kraiem, K. Zitouna, Mohamed lassed Kanoun
Carbon monoxide poisoning (CO) nicknamed “Silent killer” remains the leading cause of poisoning deaths in most countries. In Tunisia, an estimated number of 2000 to 4000 cases of poisoning was noted per a year with an estimated percentage of death up to 90% at the site of intoxication. This intoxication is very exceptionally complicated by a compartment syndrome that can aggravate the functional and vital prognosis when it is dominated by other symptoms, particularly neurological ones. We report the case of a patient who presented a compartment syndrome during CO intoxication that evolved favorably.
{"title":"Compartment syndrome of the lower limb: a rare complication of carbon monoxide poisoning","authors":"G. Drissi, M. Khaled, H. Kraiem, K. Zitouna, Mohamed lassed Kanoun","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00184","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon monoxide poisoning (CO) nicknamed “Silent killer” remains the leading cause of poisoning deaths in most countries. In Tunisia, an estimated number of 2000 to 4000 cases of poisoning was noted per a year with an estimated percentage of death up to 90% at the site of intoxication. This intoxication is very exceptionally complicated by a compartment syndrome that can aggravate the functional and vital prognosis when it is dominated by other symptoms, particularly neurological ones. We report the case of a patient who presented a compartment syndrome during CO intoxication that evolved favorably.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00183
Vetvicka, J. Větvičková
Some interesting experiments have shown that glucans of different sources have a strong protective ability against different mutagenic agents such as 22-aminoanthracene or methyl methyanesulfonate. In these studies, glucans protected the cells by sheltering their DNA and effectively increasing the repair of the double-strand breaks. These studies were further confirmed by findings showing the efficacy of glucan in reducing the damage caused by other mutagenic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. Some of the effects of glucans are attributed to their ability to trap free radicals which are produced during the biotransformation of these chemotherapeutic drugs.
{"title":"Glucan and immunotoxicity","authors":"Vetvicka, J. Větvičková","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00183","url":null,"abstract":"Some interesting experiments have shown that glucans of different sources have a strong protective ability against different mutagenic agents such as 22-aminoanthracene or methyl methyanesulfonate. In these studies, glucans protected the cells by sheltering their DNA and effectively increasing the repair of the double-strand breaks. These studies were further confirmed by findings showing the efficacy of glucan in reducing the damage caused by other mutagenic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. Some of the effects of glucans are attributed to their ability to trap free radicals which are produced during the biotransformation of these chemotherapeutic drugs.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.6.00182
K. Kaya, Kemal Yıldırım, Besim Uygun, A. Hilal, M. K. Gülmen
{"title":"Splenic artery aneurysm rupture: a case report","authors":"K. Kaya, Kemal Yıldırım, Besim Uygun, A. Hilal, M. K. Gülmen","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.6.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.6.00182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00181
Anu Bajaj
The cells may be derived from the paramesonephric ducts, salivary gland tissue, breast tissue, thyroid follicles, squamous epithelium or mesothelial incorporation. Paramesonephric duct like configurations and inclusions are preferentially located in pelvic lymph nodes and may simulate the uterine tube epithelium. Breast tissue inclusions are chiefly constituted of ectopic mammary glands and ducts of diverse morphology and unknown aetiology. Thyroid inclusions may be incorporated in the cervical and axillary lymph nodes. Mesothelial inclusions appear particularly in the mediastinal lymph nodes of the patients with pleural and pericardial effusions. The occurrence of melanocytic cells discovered in the lymph nodes are attributed to the faulty migration of neural crest cells or they may arise as benign metastasis of existing dermal nevi. The diagnosis of benign inclusions is necessitated in order to exclude adenocarcinomatous lymph node transformation and metastasis in patients presenting with benign nodal proliferations. The existence of benign inclusions was initially recounted by Reis et al. in 1897.1 These are defined as tubular spaces corresponding to cysts, appearing in lymph nodes of patients who may undergo surgical interventions for malignant tumours of the uterus, cervix and vulva. Inclusions may as well arise in non malignant disease processes and may be situated in locales extraneous to the pelvic cavity such as in the lumbar, mediastinal, parotid, submandibular, jugular, hepatic and iliac lymph nodes. Brooks et al divided the inclusions in three sub-categories, epithelial, nevomelanocytic and decidual.2
{"title":"Transposition, apotheosis and benign metamorphosis-lymph node","authors":"Anu Bajaj","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00181","url":null,"abstract":"The cells may be derived from the paramesonephric ducts, salivary gland tissue, breast tissue, thyroid follicles, squamous epithelium or mesothelial incorporation. Paramesonephric duct like configurations and inclusions are preferentially located in pelvic lymph nodes and may simulate the uterine tube epithelium. Breast tissue inclusions are chiefly constituted of ectopic mammary glands and ducts of diverse morphology and unknown aetiology. Thyroid inclusions may be incorporated in the cervical and axillary lymph nodes. Mesothelial inclusions appear particularly in the mediastinal lymph nodes of the patients with pleural and pericardial effusions. The occurrence of melanocytic cells discovered in the lymph nodes are attributed to the faulty migration of neural crest cells or they may arise as benign metastasis of existing dermal nevi. The diagnosis of benign inclusions is necessitated in order to exclude adenocarcinomatous lymph node transformation and metastasis in patients presenting with benign nodal proliferations. The existence of benign inclusions was initially recounted by Reis et al. in 1897.1 These are defined as tubular spaces corresponding to cysts, appearing in lymph nodes of patients who may undergo surgical interventions for malignant tumours of the uterus, cervix and vulva. Inclusions may as well arise in non malignant disease processes and may be situated in locales extraneous to the pelvic cavity such as in the lumbar, mediastinal, parotid, submandibular, jugular, hepatic and iliac lymph nodes. Brooks et al divided the inclusions in three sub-categories, epithelial, nevomelanocytic and decidual.2","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-17DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2018.06.00180
M. Sadek, Youssef Jounblat, G. Hachem
Dysphagia, hematemesis, pain, anorexia, and dyspepsia are among the most common presenting symptoms of gastric cancer. Thus, the patients are initially referred to the gastroenterologist for further evaluation. The diagnosis of GC is made via upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and biopsies. The pathologist must evaluate the specimen with microscopic morphologic and immune-histochemical studies. As all the cancers are now re-classified in different molecular genomic sub-types, as described in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), the pathologic reports are becoming more challenging. However, outside a clinical trial, the recommendations are to test for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and program death ligand 1 (PDL1) expressions.1,2
{"title":"Are all centers able to offer an adequate carcinological treatment for gastric carcinoma?","authors":"M. Sadek, Youssef Jounblat, G. Hachem","doi":"10.15406/ICPJL.2018.06.00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ICPJL.2018.06.00180","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphagia, hematemesis, pain, anorexia, and dyspepsia are among the most common presenting symptoms of gastric cancer. Thus, the patients are initially referred to the gastroenterologist for further evaluation. The diagnosis of GC is made via upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and biopsies. The pathologist must evaluate the specimen with microscopic morphologic and immune-histochemical studies. As all the cancers are now re-classified in different molecular genomic sub-types, as described in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), the pathologic reports are becoming more challenging. However, outside a clinical trial, the recommendations are to test for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and program death ligand 1 (PDL1) expressions.1,2","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41853105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：