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Primary malignant melanoma of urinary bladder 原发性膀胱恶性黑色素瘤
Pub Date : 2017-12-12 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00138
N. Burela, N. Patni, Anjali Sharma
Primary malignant melanoma of genitourinary tract is rare and accounts for only 0.2% of all melanomas. Urethra is the most common site of origin, although primary malignant melanoma of urinary bladder is extremely rare.1 Only 24cases of primary malignant melanoma of urinary bladder are reported to date.2 Malignant melanomas of bladder are usually metastatic lesions, which originate from distant primary site rather than being a primary lesion.3 We report a case of primary malignant melanoma of urinary bladder.
泌尿生殖道原发性恶性黑色素瘤是罕见的,仅占所有黑色素瘤的0.2%。尿道是最常见的起源部位,尽管原发性膀胱恶性黑色素瘤极为罕见原发性膀胱恶性黑色素瘤仅报道24例膀胱恶性黑色素瘤通常是转移性病变,它起源于远处原发部位,而不是原发病变我们报告一例原发性膀胱恶性黑色素瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast with Coexistent Neurofibroma-A Rare Association 浸润性乳腺导管癌合并神经纤维瘤的罕见关联
Pub Date : 2017-12-06 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00137
K. Akhtar, M. Talha, R. Sherwani, S. Siddiqui
Breast cancer accounts for approximately one-quarter of all cancers in females worldwide and 27% of all cancers in developed countries with a western lifestyle [1]. It’s by far, the most frequent cancer among women, with an estimated 1.67 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in 2012 [2]. In India, about 145,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2012 and 70,000 deaths were attributed to it. The WHO Working Group has agreed on a more clinical follow-ups and a need of a genetic data for a better understanding of the natural history of these lesions [3]. Neurofibromatosis 1 is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans, presenting with multiple neurofibromas and an increased risk of various benign and malignant tumors, including breast cancer [4]. Neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) is a complex multisystem autosomal dominant human disorder caused by the mutation of a gene on chromosome 17 which is responsible for production of a protein called neurofibromin. First report of an association between NF1 and breast cancer was published in 1972 [5] and subsequently several clinical cases of NF1 patients with breast cancer have been reported in the literature. Neurofibromatosis type II is a genetic condition which may be inherited or arise spontaneously. It’s caused by mutations in chromosome 22, also called as Merlin gene. The main manifestation of the condition is the development of symmetric, benign brain tumors in the region of the cranial nerve VIII. Schroeder et al. [5] first demonstrated an association between NF-2 and breast cancer [5]. Although only a minority of patients with NF1 develops malignancy as a complication of their disorder, cancer remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the disorder [4]. Moreover, oncologists may encounter patients with NF1 in the course of treatment for cancer, and need to be familiar with the diagnosis of the disorder and its clinical features.
乳腺癌约占全球女性所有癌症的四分之一,占西方生活方式发达国家所有癌症的27%。到目前为止,乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症,2012年估计有167万例新诊断的乳腺癌病例。在印度,2012年确诊了约14.5万例新病例,7万人因此死亡。世卫组织工作组同意进行更多的临床随访,并同意需要遗传数据,以便更好地了解这些病变的自然历史。神经纤维瘤病1是人类最常见的遗传性疾病之一,表现为多发性神经纤维瘤和各种良性和恶性肿瘤的风险增加,包括乳腺癌[4]。I型神经纤维瘤病(NF-1)是一种复杂的多系统常染色体显性人类疾病,由17号染色体上负责产生神经纤维蛋白的基因突变引起。关于NF1与乳腺癌之间关系的第一份报告发表于1972年,随后文献中也报道了几例NF1患者合并乳腺癌的临床病例。II型神经纤维瘤病是一种遗传性疾病,可遗传或自发产生。它是由22号染色体突变引起的,也被称为梅林基因。这种疾病的主要表现是在颅神经VIII区出现对称的、良性的脑肿瘤。Schroeder等人首次证实NF-2与乳腺癌之间存在关联。虽然只有少数NF1患者发展为恶性肿瘤作为其疾病的并发症,但癌症仍然是该疾病发病率和死亡率的重要原因。此外,肿瘤学家在癌症治疗过程中可能会遇到NF1患者,需要熟悉该疾病的诊断及其临床特征。
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引用次数: 0
Geriatric oncology: where age is not measured by years 老年肿瘤学:年龄不是以年为单位的
Pub Date : 2017-12-04 DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00136
G. Hachem
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com 60% of newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 70% of cancer deaths occur in people aged 65 years or older [3]. In the literature, many cancers are linked to aging; these include breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung and bladder carcinomas. Consequently, Medicine created the sub-specialty of Geriatric Oncology. This branch is mainly concerned by the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in the elderly, targeting the population aged 65 and older, while incorporating their special needs into the anti-neoplastic treatment. So, the age was transformed from an absolute chronological number to an association and accumulation of multiple comorbidities.
提交稿件| http://medcraveonline.com 60%的新诊断的恶性肿瘤和70%的癌症死亡发生在65岁及以上的人群|。在文献中,许多癌症与衰老有关;这些癌症包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、肺癌和膀胱癌。因此,医学创建了老年肿瘤学亚专科。该分支主要关注老年人癌症的诊断和治疗,针对65岁及以上的人群,同时将他们的特殊需要纳入抗肿瘤治疗。因此,年龄从一个绝对的时间顺序数字转变为多种合并症的关联和积累。
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引用次数: 1
Therapeutic management of anemia due to trypanosomosis in dogs 犬锥虫病性贫血的治疗
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00134
Sirigireddy Sivajothi, B. Sudhakarareddy
Trypanosomosis is a haemoprotozoan disease of domestic and wild animals, spread by tabanid flies bites. The disease generally causes fever, anemia, myocarditis, corneal opacity and it is a fatal disease in canines [1]. Now a day’s many numbers of trypanosomacidal drugs are available including suramin, quinapyramine and diminazene. But, a single dose of the drug is not effective for horses, mules and dogs since diminazene aceturate neither crosses the blood-brain barrier nor insufficient doses were unable to control the T. evansi infection [2,3]. Present communication; put a record on the therapeutic efficacy of two doses of diminazene aceturate injections to treat dogs with T. evansi infection.
锥虫病是一种家畜和野生动物的血原生动物疾病,由烟粉虱叮咬传播。这种疾病通常会导致发烧、贫血、心肌炎、角膜混浊,是犬类的致命疾病[1]。现在,一天中有很多种类的杀锥虫药物可用,包括苏拉明、喹那吡胺和地美那烯。但是,单剂量的药物对马、骡子和狗无效,因为乙酰地美那烯既不能穿过血脑屏障,也不能控制埃文氏锥虫感染[2,3]。当前通信;记录了两剂乙酰地美那zene注射液治疗埃文氏锥虫感染犬的疗效。
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引用次数: 1
The unwieldy design of electronic medical records 笨拙的电子医疗记录设计
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00135
L. Bernstein
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引用次数: 0
Glucan in clinical trials 临床试验中的葡聚糖
Pub Date : 2017-11-28 DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00133
Větvička, J. Větvičková
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com III clinical trial evaluating the combination therapy of Imprime PGGTM and ErbituxTM in colorectal cancer patients. This study is currently enrolling up to 795 patients and will be conducted at 50 locations worldwide, including the U.S, France and Germany. Results achieved so far are highly promising showing the response rate for patients receiving glucan nearly doubled and median progression-free survival time increased 41%. In addition, Biothera announced that Imprime PGGTM had achieved significant results in meeting endpoint results in the Phase IIb NSCLC clinical trial. Patients in this trial had an objective response rate more than double compared to the control group. In the biomarkerpositive group, the results were even better. In case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a high number of patients with a complete response after Imprime and antibody combination is extremely impressive. It is even more impressive when we remember that today most cancer drugs have a response rate well below 40%.
提交手稿|http://medcraveonline.comIII评价Imprinme PGGTM和ErbituxTM联合治疗结直肠癌癌症患者的临床试验。这项研究目前招募了多达795名患者,将在全球50个地点进行,包括美国、法国和德国。迄今为止取得的结果非常有希望,显示接受葡聚糖治疗的患者的应答率几乎翻了一番,中位无进展生存时间增加了41%。此外,Biothera宣布,Imprime PGGTM在IIb期NSCLC临床试验中达到终点结果方面取得了显著成果。与对照组相比,该试验中的患者的客观缓解率是对照组的两倍多。在生物标志物阳性组中,结果甚至更好。在慢性淋巴细胞白血病的情况下,大量患者在印迹和抗体组合后有完全反应,这令人印象深刻。当我们还记得今天大多数癌症药物的反应率远低于40%时,这就更令人印象深刻了。
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引用次数: 0
Lipases and the stress of obesity 脂肪酶与肥胖压力
Pub Date : 2017-11-17 DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00132
E. Pardina, J. Carmona, J. Rossell, D. Ricart-Jané, Juan A Baena Fustegueras, J. Peinado-Onsurbe
The existing literature regarding the effect of stress on lipid metabolism [3,4] is sparse and, in the case of LPL, contradictory [5-7]. It has been described in rats, in vivo and in vitro that adrenaline causes a decrease in the LPL activity in the vascular bed of adipocytes, but expression of the gene encoding the enzyme was not affected [8], in parallel with an increase in plasma LPL activity as well as the appearance of LPL activity in the liver [9,10], but there is still controversy about the regulatory mechanism. To further the knowledge of LPL in vivo regulation by adrenaline, a model of restraint stress in rats was used and applied either as chronic and acute conditions [11]. Both chronic and acute stresses were reported to produce significant alterations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism [11], and these changes were accompanied by a decrease in LPL activity in white adipose tissue and an increase in plasma [8]. The possible role of blood flow in the regulation of LPL by catecholamines has also been studied. Because of its intravascular location, it is possible that LPL is sensitive to variations in the flow of blood through the capillaries. Thus, an increased flow could lead to an increase in the release of LPL from its anchor, which would lead to a decline in activity in the tissue without altering its synthesis. This would provide a mechanism for short-term regulation if the LPL (much faster than the regulation of enzyme synthesis), which has not been studied yet. It has been reported that acute immobilization stress increased blood flow in white adipose tissue (which reduces LPL activity) but not in muscle (in which LPL was unchanged) [12]. It has also been reported that LPL shows a circadian rhythm in adult rats [13] that can be modified by soft stress [14]. However, there are very few data linking stress caused by with lipolytic activity. In experimental animals, HL activity and mRNA were shown to decrease in the liver after hepatectomy, whereas activity was not detected in the plasma. However, adrenal HL activity did not vary post-surgery [15]. This is very interesting because the steroidogenic organs, such as the adrenal gland, cannot synthesize the enzyme, which originates in the liver; however, given the need to capture cholesterol for the synthesis of catecholamines and glucocorticoids, such as in a stressful situation, steroidogenic organs retain high levels of HL. It has also been observed that surgical stress leads to the recovery of the LPL activity and mRNA in the liver, and there are also changes in the expression of LPL and other proteins, such as albumin, actin, etc, in peripheral tissues [16].
关于应激对脂质代谢影响的现有文献[3,4]很少,在LPL的情况下,相互矛盾[5-7]。已经在大鼠体内和体外描述了肾上腺素导致脂肪细胞血管床中LPL活性降低,但编码该酶的基因的表达没有受到影响[8],同时血浆LPL活性增加以及肝脏中LPL活动的出现[9,10],但关于调节机制仍存在争议。为了进一步了解肾上腺素对LPL的体内调节,使用了大鼠约束应激模型,并将其作为慢性和急性条件应用[11]。据报道,慢性和急性应激都会导致脂质和脂蛋白代谢发生显著变化[11],这些变化伴随着白色脂肪组织中LPL活性的降低和血浆的增加[8]。还研究了血流量在儿茶酚胺调节LPL中的可能作用。由于其血管内位置,LPL可能对通过毛细血管的血流变化敏感。因此,流量的增加可能导致LPL从其锚固件的释放增加,这将导致组织中的活性下降,而不会改变其合成。如果LPL(比酶合成的调节快得多),这将提供一种短期调节机制,而LPL尚未被研究。据报道,急性固定应激增加了白色脂肪组织中的血流量(这降低了LPL活性),但没有增加肌肉中的血流(LPL不变)[12]。据报道,LPL在成年大鼠中显示出昼夜节律[13],这种昼夜节律可以通过软应激来改变[14]。然而,很少有数据将由引起的压力与脂肪分解活性联系起来。在实验动物中,肝切除术后肝脏中的HL活性和mRNA降低,而血浆中没有检测到活性。然而,术后肾上腺HL活性没有变化[15]。这很有趣,因为类固醇生成器官,如肾上腺,不能合成源自肝脏的酶;然而,考虑到需要捕获胆固醇来合成儿茶酚胺和糖皮质激素,例如在紧张的情况下,类固醇生成器官保持高水平的HL。还观察到,手术应激导致肝脏中LPL活性和mRNA的恢复,并且LPL和其他蛋白质(如白蛋白、肌动蛋白等)在外周组织中的表达也发生了变化[16]。
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引用次数: 0
Tobacco cessation-scissor the consumption-a review 戒烟切断了消费——综述
Pub Date : 2017-11-16 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.5.00131
Simran Khanvekar, hya Tamgadge, A. Tamgadge
Tobacco, a product prepared by curing of the leaves of the tobacco plant, is a killer. It is the only legally available and commonly used substance that will kill one third to half of the people who use it.1 Tobacco is the major cause of preventable mortality and morbidity all over the world. The tobacco epidemic is one of the major public health threats with one million deaths attributed to tobacco each year in India. High prevalence of overall tobacco use and rise in its consumption amongst women and youth is a cause of concern. Besides health, tobacco also has huge impacts on the economy and environment.1,2 This damage from tobacco is attributed to the fact that most of the tobacco users are unaware of the dangers related to the habit.3 India is the second largest consumer of tobacco products (after China) in the world and the second largest producer of tobacco (after China). India is at the second stage of epidemic, where the percentages of smokers as well as deaths due to smoking are on the rise. The deaths caused by tobacco are more than those caused by Malaria, TB, and HIV/ AIDS combined. In India, smokeless from is more prevalent than the smoking form with 75% being daily users.2 The oral cavity is the first area of the body affected by tobacco products. Tobacco use impacts many oral conditions, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancers, impaired wound healing, reduced ability to smell and taste, staining of the teeth, leukoplakia, oral precancerous lesions, halitosis and implant failure.4
烟草,一种通过烘烤烟草植物的叶子而制成的产品,是一种杀手。它是唯一一种合法可得的常用物质,会导致三分之一到一半的使用者死亡烟草是全世界可预防的死亡和发病的主要原因。烟草流行是主要的公共卫生威胁之一,印度每年有100万人死于烟草。令人关切的是,妇女和青年中总体烟草使用的高流行率及其消费量的上升。除了健康,烟草对经济和环境也有巨大的影响。烟草造成的这种危害是由于大多数吸烟者没有意识到这种习惯的危害印度是世界第二大烟草产品消费国(仅次于中国)和第二大烟草生产国(仅次于中国)。印度正处于流行病的第二阶段,吸烟者的百分比以及因吸烟而死亡的人数都在上升。烟草造成的死亡人数比疟疾、结核病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病造成的死亡人数加起来还要多。在印度,无烟烟草比吸烟形式更普遍,75%的人是日常使用者口腔是人体受烟草制品影响的第一个部位。烟草使用影响许多口腔疾病,包括龋齿、牙周病、口腔癌、伤口愈合受损、嗅觉和味觉能力下降、牙齿染色、白斑、口腔癌前病变、口臭和种植体失败
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引用次数: 1
Laboratory role in measuring transthyretin and homocysteine 甲状腺素和同型半胱氨酸的实验室测量
Pub Date : 2017-11-10 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00130
L. Bernstein
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引用次数: 0
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) in human and animals: a mini review article and conclusive view 人类和动物的色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎:一篇小型综述文章和结论性观点
Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00129
A. Attar, Seham A Al Azreg, Oe Abdouslam
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International clinical pathology journal
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