Pub Date : 2018-08-16DOI: 10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00153
A. F. Musa, Xian Pei Cheong, J. Dillon, R. Nordin
Globally, the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased to almost 451 million in 2017 and has become a worldwide epidemic. Even more worrisome is that 49.7% of them remain undiagnosed.1 Studies have shown that coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of mortality in DM patients and linked with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke.2,3 DM has always been a major risk predictor for unfavourable outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac revascularization either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)4 or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),5,6 surgery.
{"title":"Does diabetes mellitus increase the mortality risk in coronary artery disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery at the National Heart Institute of Kuala Lumpur?","authors":"A. F. Musa, Xian Pei Cheong, J. Dillon, R. Nordin","doi":"10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00153","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased to almost 451 million in 2017 and has become a worldwide epidemic. Even more worrisome is that 49.7% of them remain undiagnosed.1 Studies have shown that coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of mortality in DM patients and linked with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke.2,3 DM has always been a major risk predictor for unfavourable outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac revascularization either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)4 or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),5,6 surgery.","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78926770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00152
M. Gilbert-Ouimet, Peter M. Smith, C. Brisson, Duchaine Cs, C. Mustard
Diabetes is one of the leading cause of death worldwide, in addition to being a major risk factors of several other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, renal disease and neuropathy.1 By 2030, approximately 439 million adults will live with diabetes worldwide (7.7%), which represents a 50% increase from 2010.2 Such a rapid increase is even more alarming as it is also occurring in countries where large-scale prevention programs and initiatives have been implemented.3 Influential public health organizations such as the ‘International Federation of Diabetes’ recently stated that prevention efforts now need to be deployed beyond the prevention of traditional risk factors, by identifying new social and environmental modifiable risk factors.3,4 A growing body of evidence suggests that psychosocial work factors may contribute to the development of diabetes. The goals of this short communication are to briefly present what is known and what is left to know on the effect of these psychosocial factors on diabetes incidence.
{"title":"Psychosocial work factors and diabetes: what is known and what is left to know?","authors":"M. Gilbert-Ouimet, Peter M. Smith, C. Brisson, Duchaine Cs, C. Mustard","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00152","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is one of the leading cause of death worldwide, in addition to being a major risk factors of several other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, renal disease and neuropathy.1 By 2030, approximately 439 million adults will live with diabetes worldwide (7.7%), which represents a 50% increase from 2010.2 Such a rapid increase is even more alarming as it is also occurring in countries where large-scale prevention programs and initiatives have been implemented.3 Influential public health organizations such as the ‘International Federation of Diabetes’ recently stated that prevention efforts now need to be deployed beyond the prevention of traditional risk factors, by identifying new social and environmental modifiable risk factors.3,4 A growing body of evidence suggests that psychosocial work factors may contribute to the development of diabetes. The goals of this short communication are to briefly present what is known and what is left to know on the effect of these psychosocial factors on diabetes incidence.","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-14DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00151
K. Aljabri, S. Bokhari, Muneera Alshareef, Patan Murthuza Khan, ari K Aljabri
In both developed and developing countries, diabetes mellitus is common and result from both environmental etiological and genetic factors.1‒3 Over 90% of diabetes is type 2 diabetes (T2DM) The natural history of diabetic nephropathy (DN) from prospective data is less well described for T2DM.4 The earliest clinical sign of DN, defined as microalbuminuria (MA) which is an elevated urinary excretion of albumin. MA is defined as an albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20‒199 g/min in a timed or a 24-hr urine collection which is an equivalent to 30 –299 mg/g creatinine in a random spot sample).5 The increased risk for renal and cardiovascular disease in T2DM is associated with the development of MA.6‒8 In many regions of the world, end-stage renal disease incidence in T2DM has risen.9‒10 Diabetes is estimated to increase the risk of end-stage renal disease approximately 12-fold and is also one of the predictor for cardiovascular disease.11,12‒16 MA was found in 17-40% of patients with T2DM.17‒22
{"title":"Modified risk factors for presence of microalbuminuria in saudi adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"K. Aljabri, S. Bokhari, Muneera Alshareef, Patan Murthuza Khan, ari K Aljabri","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00151","url":null,"abstract":"In both developed and developing countries, diabetes mellitus is common and result from both environmental etiological and genetic factors.1‒3 Over 90% of diabetes is type 2 diabetes (T2DM) The natural history of diabetic nephropathy (DN) from prospective data is less well described for T2DM.4 The earliest clinical sign of DN, defined as microalbuminuria (MA) which is an elevated urinary excretion of albumin. MA is defined as an albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20‒199 g/min in a timed or a 24-hr urine collection which is an equivalent to 30 –299 mg/g creatinine in a random spot sample).5 The increased risk for renal and cardiovascular disease in T2DM is associated with the development of MA.6‒8 In many regions of the world, end-stage renal disease incidence in T2DM has risen.9‒10 Diabetes is estimated to increase the risk of end-stage renal disease approximately 12-fold and is also one of the predictor for cardiovascular disease.11,12‒16 MA was found in 17-40% of patients with T2DM.17‒22","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82411128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00150
Cesare Mir, R. Ros
It is estimated that by 2040 there will be over 642 million people with diabetes in the world and 80% of these people will live in developing countries.1 The diabetic foot syndrome are a source of high impact for the patients and societal cost. The frequency and severity of foot problems varies from region to region, due to differences in diabetes incidence and treatment, socio-economic conditions, use of protective shoes, and standards of foot care. Foot wounds are the most prevalent problem, with a yearly incidence of around 2‒4% in developed countries.2 With the lifetime incidence of foot ulcers occurring in up to 25% of patients,3 we need to shift our focus to prevent ulcers rather than to treat them. In developed countries, diabetes is the most responsible of non-traumatic amputation; about in 1% of people with diabetes occur a lower-limb amputation.4,5
{"title":"Therapeutic education patient in prevention of diabetic foot: a neglected opportunity","authors":"Cesare Mir, R. Ros","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00150","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that by 2040 there will be over 642 million people with diabetes in the world and 80% of these people will live in developing countries.1 The diabetic foot syndrome are a source of high impact for the patients and societal cost. The frequency and severity of foot problems varies from region to region, due to differences in diabetes incidence and treatment, socio-economic conditions, use of protective shoes, and standards of foot care. Foot wounds are the most prevalent problem, with a yearly incidence of around 2‒4% in developed countries.2 With the lifetime incidence of foot ulcers occurring in up to 25% of patients,3 we need to shift our focus to prevent ulcers rather than to treat them. In developed countries, diabetes is the most responsible of non-traumatic amputation; about in 1% of people with diabetes occur a lower-limb amputation.4,5","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"15 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81555088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-02DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00149
F. Khan
For many past years of mankind, plants were using as a source to alleviate or cure chronic illness such as diabetes, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic, cardio-vascular diseases, cancer, antibacterial etc. Herbal plants are rich in pharmacologically active compounds and hence these medications are used in worldwide in many years. Fenugreek is an annual crop plant and the biological name is Trigonella foenum graecumis family ‘Fabaceae’, its common name is “methi”. It is an herb cultivated for its seeds majorly in Mediterranean countries. In India, it is mainly cultivated in regions of Rajasthan (maximum production), Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Apart from the flavouring properties of its seeds, it has been able to mark its presence in Ayurvedic system of medicines since ages, owing to its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. It is a rich source of fibers, proteins, vitamin A and C, iron and calcium. It is a highly recommended medicinal plant for treatments of various dysfunctions and diseases, as recorded in history of Ayurveda. Being rich in photochemical like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins, it has been tagged as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and immunological booster. Many studies have reported antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds,1 Fenugreek seed powder supplementation in diet has also been reported to reduce oxidative damage biomarkers in alloxan-diabetic rats,2 Further polyphenols present in the seeds are known to prevent oxidative haemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro, in human erythrocytes.3 Germination or sprouting is a processing intervention by which nutritional content of the crop can be enhanced significantly.4 Sprouting has shown to improve the nutritional profile of fenugreek seeds and decrease the fiber content such that it gets digested and absorbed in the system more easily. Also, germinated fenugreek seeds have higher antioxidant content and enhanced antidiabetic effect than its boiled counterpart.5 This effect was attributed to the release or higher bioavailability of bound antioxidants upon germination. Physical conditions such as light and temperature, genotype6 and chemical composition of seeds have also been reported to be a cause of variation on antioxidant properties and germination of fenugreek seeds.7 Few reports are available on the effect of germination on total phenol content and antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds. These studies either employed use of natural elicitors like fish protein hydrolysates, lactoferrin and oregano extract for sprouting fenugreek seeds.8 Different fractions of the germinated seeds were evaluated for the phytochemical analysis.9 However, very few studies have been conducted on antioxidant properties of whole aqueous extract of germinated fenugreek seeds of varieties available locally in Delhi/ NCR region of India. Thus, present study is aimed to investigate the effect of ge
{"title":"Effect of sprouted fenugreek seeds on various diseases: a review","authors":"F. Khan","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00149","url":null,"abstract":"For many past years of mankind, plants were using as a source to alleviate or cure chronic illness such as diabetes, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic, cardio-vascular diseases, cancer, antibacterial etc. Herbal plants are rich in pharmacologically active compounds and hence these medications are used in worldwide in many years. Fenugreek is an annual crop plant and the biological name is Trigonella foenum graecumis family ‘Fabaceae’, its common name is “methi”. It is an herb cultivated for its seeds majorly in Mediterranean countries. In India, it is mainly cultivated in regions of Rajasthan (maximum production), Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Apart from the flavouring properties of its seeds, it has been able to mark its presence in Ayurvedic system of medicines since ages, owing to its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. It is a rich source of fibers, proteins, vitamin A and C, iron and calcium. It is a highly recommended medicinal plant for treatments of various dysfunctions and diseases, as recorded in history of Ayurveda. Being rich in photochemical like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins, it has been tagged as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and immunological booster. Many studies have reported antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds,1 Fenugreek seed powder supplementation in diet has also been reported to reduce oxidative damage biomarkers in alloxan-diabetic rats,2 Further polyphenols present in the seeds are known to prevent oxidative haemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro, in human erythrocytes.3 Germination or sprouting is a processing intervention by which nutritional content of the crop can be enhanced significantly.4 Sprouting has shown to improve the nutritional profile of fenugreek seeds and decrease the fiber content such that it gets digested and absorbed in the system more easily. Also, germinated fenugreek seeds have higher antioxidant content and enhanced antidiabetic effect than its boiled counterpart.5 This effect was attributed to the release or higher bioavailability of bound antioxidants upon germination. Physical conditions such as light and temperature, genotype6 and chemical composition of seeds have also been reported to be a cause of variation on antioxidant properties and germination of fenugreek seeds.7 Few reports are available on the effect of germination on total phenol content and antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds. These studies either employed use of natural elicitors like fish protein hydrolysates, lactoferrin and oregano extract for sprouting fenugreek seeds.8 Different fractions of the germinated seeds were evaluated for the phytochemical analysis.9 However, very few studies have been conducted on antioxidant properties of whole aqueous extract of germinated fenugreek seeds of varieties available locally in Delhi/ NCR region of India. Thus, present study is aimed to investigate the effect of ge","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-20DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00148
C. Tayek, Lavanya Cherukuri, S. Hamal, J. Tayek
Prandial insulin has been essential for the improved management of the type 1 diabetic patient. Interestingly, many studies have evaluated the addition of prandial insulin to the type 2 diabetic patients with improved control. The greatest drop in A1c with the use of various type of prandial insulins have resulted in the decrease of 1.3% in the A1c measurement. Interestingly, none of the published trials with goal of fasting blood glucose (FBG) have ever obtained the goal A1c. Since a drop in FBG of 28.7mg/dl is equal to a 1% drop in A1c, a simple approach to obtain a target A1c would be to focus on the FBG (per ADA: Average Blood Glucose = A1c (%) x 28.7 - 46.7mg/d). However, average blood glucose requires multiple measurements and may be less accurate then using just a FBG. Since prandial insulin clinical trials have only demonstrated a drop in A1c by 0.3-1.3% the use of only a FBG to help patients get to goal may be easier to teach and to obtain. It might save time and money. Our hypothesis is that if patient obtain a FBG <100 mg/dl for 2-3 months then 70% will be at an A1c goal <7.0%. After a few months of good fasting glucose control the provider can use this equation (FBG+80)/30 to estimate A1c. For example, a FBG of 130mg/dl would be (130 + 80)/30 = 7.0%; or a FBG of 190 would be (190+80)/30 =eA1c 9% (estimate of A1c). While type 1 diabetes has a very complex daily glucose pattern, the approach to type 2 diabetics on insulin could become simplified.
{"title":"Importance of fasting blood glucose goals in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature and a critical appraisal","authors":"C. Tayek, Lavanya Cherukuri, S. Hamal, J. Tayek","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00148","url":null,"abstract":"Prandial insulin has been essential for the improved management of the type 1 diabetic patient. Interestingly, many studies have evaluated the addition of prandial insulin to the type 2 diabetic patients with improved control. The greatest drop in A1c with the use of various type of prandial insulins have resulted in the decrease of 1.3% in the A1c measurement. Interestingly, none of the published trials with goal of fasting blood glucose (FBG) have ever obtained the goal A1c. Since a drop in FBG of 28.7mg/dl is equal to a 1% drop in A1c, a simple approach to obtain a target A1c would be to focus on the FBG (per ADA: Average Blood Glucose = A1c (%) x 28.7 - 46.7mg/d). However, average blood glucose requires multiple measurements and may be less accurate then using just a FBG. Since prandial insulin clinical trials have only demonstrated a drop in A1c by 0.3-1.3% the use of only a FBG to help patients get to goal may be easier to teach and to obtain. It might save time and money. Our hypothesis is that if patient obtain a FBG <100 mg/dl for 2-3 months then 70% will be at an A1c goal <7.0%. After a few months of good fasting glucose control the provider can use this equation (FBG+80)/30 to estimate A1c. For example, a FBG of 130mg/dl would be (130 + 80)/30 = 7.0%; or a FBG of 190 would be (190+80)/30 =eA1c 9% (estimate of A1c). While type 1 diabetes has a very complex daily glucose pattern, the approach to type 2 diabetics on insulin could become simplified.","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"2015 1","pages":"113 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73310569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-28DOI: 10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00147
H. Rashidi, M. Tafazoli, M. Jalali, A. M. Mofrad
For the first time in 1935, the classic form of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was described by Stein and Levental. They reported the association between polycystic ovaries and amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity.1 Polycystic ovary syndrome encompasses a spectrum of diseases that are associated with the following features: cutaneous hyperandrogenism (such as hirsutism, acne resistant to treatment, or male or female pattern baldness (androgenetic baldness), irregular menstruation (such as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, or irregular bleeding), polycystic ovaries (one or two), obesity and insulin resistance.2 Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women with a prevalence of 6-10% of women in reproductive age and also is the main leading cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation.3,4 There is evidence that PCOS is may be the result of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia and early incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with this syndrome is higher than the normal population.2 Given the role of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary, lowering medications are used to treat insulin resistance.5–7 Dyslipidemia pattern in insulin resistance, low levels of HDL and high triglyceride levels pattern are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia inhibits lipolysis and thus increase esterified acids. High levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) may increase triglyceride and decrease HDL level.8 Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, although in different geographic regions and ethnic groups has been reported different.9 Abnormal situation of lipoproteins is common in this syndrome, these disorders include: Increased level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (lowdensity lipoprotein), reduced high-density lipoprotein and apoprotein A1.9 Abdominal obesity is positively associated with increased LDL and VLDL and has inverse proportion with amount of HDL.10
{"title":"Serum lipid profile and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","authors":"H. Rashidi, M. Tafazoli, M. Jalali, A. M. Mofrad","doi":"10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00147","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in 1935, the classic form of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was described by Stein and Levental. They reported the association between polycystic ovaries and amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity.1 Polycystic ovary syndrome encompasses a spectrum of diseases that are associated with the following features: cutaneous hyperandrogenism (such as hirsutism, acne resistant to treatment, or male or female pattern baldness (androgenetic baldness), irregular menstruation (such as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, or irregular bleeding), polycystic ovaries (one or two), obesity and insulin resistance.2 Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women with a prevalence of 6-10% of women in reproductive age and also is the main leading cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation.3,4 There is evidence that PCOS is may be the result of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia and early incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with this syndrome is higher than the normal population.2 Given the role of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary, lowering medications are used to treat insulin resistance.5–7 Dyslipidemia pattern in insulin resistance, low levels of HDL and high triglyceride levels pattern are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia inhibits lipolysis and thus increase esterified acids. High levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) may increase triglyceride and decrease HDL level.8 Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, although in different geographic regions and ethnic groups has been reported different.9 Abnormal situation of lipoproteins is common in this syndrome, these disorders include: Increased level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (lowdensity lipoprotein), reduced high-density lipoprotein and apoprotein A1.9 Abdominal obesity is positively associated with increased LDL and VLDL and has inverse proportion with amount of HDL.10","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85470639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-21DOI: 10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00146
José Manuel Lozano Sánchez, H. G. Morales, Paola Berenice Merch, Álvarez, JoseAlfonso Gutierrez Frusch, Ricardo Mera Mejía, Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada, Erika Patricia Rendón Huerta, Z. Serrano
New studies describe that the microenvironment in uterus defines the obesity of the future new born1 affecting in a higher proportion males.2 Animal models, 3,4 have demonstrated the expression and suppression of genes associated to the mother’s diet that affect the placental microenvironment5 and promotes obesity. These state correlates with chronic low-grade inflammation6,7 and immune system activation accompanied by insulin resistance.8 On the long run, there is a long (intra uterus-pre-puberty-puberty-post puberty),9 proinflammatory environment on germ cells. Childhood and puberty
{"title":"The obesity impact on fertility","authors":"José Manuel Lozano Sánchez, H. G. Morales, Paola Berenice Merch, Álvarez, JoseAlfonso Gutierrez Frusch, Ricardo Mera Mejía, Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada, Erika Patricia Rendón Huerta, Z. Serrano","doi":"10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JDMDC.2018.05.00146","url":null,"abstract":"New studies describe that the microenvironment in uterus defines the obesity of the future new born1 affecting in a higher proportion males.2 Animal models, 3,4 have demonstrated the expression and suppression of genes associated to the mother’s diet that affect the placental microenvironment5 and promotes obesity. These state correlates with chronic low-grade inflammation6,7 and immune system activation accompanied by insulin resistance.8 On the long run, there is a long (intra uterus-pre-puberty-puberty-post puberty),9 proinflammatory environment on germ cells. Childhood and puberty","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84871150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-07DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00145
F. G
{"title":"Psychological care of the diabetic patient","authors":"F. G","doi":"10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes, metabolic disorders & control","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73501786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00144
R. Batista
Acromegaly is a chronic disease with signs and symptoms resulting from the excess of circulating growth hormone (GH).1–3 More than 95% of the cases are related to the presence of a GHsecreting adenoma. This hormone stimulates hepatic synthesis of the insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I), which is responsible for the GH-related somatic effects.1,4 The incidence of acromegaly is approximately 3-4 cases per million population, while prevalence is around 60 cases per million population per year. This condition occurs with equal frequency in males and females, more commonly in the fourth and fifth decades.5‒7 Because of the insidious progression of acromegaly and failure to recognize its clinical manifestations, diagnosis is delayed in around 8 to 10 years after the onset of the disease.4,8 Continued exposure to excess GH and IGF-I is related to high morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular, respiratory, neoplastic and metabolic complications, in addition to severe functional impairment as a result of skeletal complications.3,4,8,9 Recent evidence shows a mortality rate for acromegalic patients 1.7 times higher than that of the general population. The reverse proportion is true when GH levels are reduced to values below 2.5mcg/L, regardless of the therapy instituted.10–12 The treatment of acromegaly aims to reduce symptoms, control tumor growth, inhibit GH hypersecretion and normalize IGF-I serum concentrations, thereby reducing acromegalyrelated morbidity and mortality. Three treatment options are available: surgery, drug therapy and radiotherapy.13 Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the first-line treatment for acromegaly, since the complete resection of the adenoma regulates hormone levels and improves the alterations that compromise tissues and organs. The success of TSS depends on the neurosurgeon ́s experience and skills, the size and extension of the tumor and preoperative GH levels. In patients with a microadenoma, normalization of IGF-I occurs after TSS in 75-95% of the cases. Normalization is less frequent with macroadenomas, and is found in approximately 50% of cases.14–16 Medical treatment is often required, especially when no surgical cure is achieved and for patients at an advanced age and/or when severe comorbidity is present that contraindicates the surgery. Preoperative use of somatostatin analogs can be beneficial, as they promote tumor shrinkage and this facilitates surgical resection and attenuates the perioperative complications deriving from GH excess.17 The medical treatment options currently available are somatostatin analogs (octreotide, lanreotide (LAN) and pasireotide); dopamine agonists (bromocriptine and cabergoline), and GH-receptor antagonist pegvisomant.4
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