Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2065808
S. Uma
This article uses a case study of India to examine the contested relationship between two sets of human rights—freedom of religion or belief on the one hand, and women’s rights to life, dignity, equality, non-discrimination, sexual autonomy, and bodily integrity on the other. Through a critical analysis of the practice of female genital mutilation within the Bohra Muslim community, which is currently the subject of a constitutional challenge in the Supreme Court of India, this article illustrates how the contestations between the two sets of rights can be more effectively understood and addressed using the international human rights framework.
{"title":"Clash of the Titans or Friendly Bedfellows? Freedom of Religion or Belief and Women’s Rights in India","authors":"S. Uma","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2065808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2065808","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses a case study of India to examine the contested relationship between two sets of human rights—freedom of religion or belief on the one hand, and women’s rights to life, dignity, equality, non-discrimination, sexual autonomy, and bodily integrity on the other. Through a critical analysis of the practice of female genital mutilation within the Bohra Muslim community, which is currently the subject of a constitutional challenge in the Supreme Court of India, this article illustrates how the contestations between the two sets of rights can be more effectively understood and addressed using the international human rights framework.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2065804
J. Cornelio, R. Dagle
Queer Filipinos continue to experience different modes of discrimination, abuse, and coercion, mainly because of conservative religious worldviews. They encounter these experiences in their households, schools, workplaces, and churches, which we refer to as spaces of unfreedom. How do queer Filipinos navigate these spaces of unfreedom? We answer this based on interviews with queer young adult men who grew up Christian in various denominations. We argue that they are in an ongoing process of contesting unfreedom through moral, theological, and aspirational reasoning. We conclude by making a case for robust religious freedom for LGBTQ+ persons—one which goes beyond the legal discourse and recognizes their spaces of unfreedom.
{"title":"Contesting Unfreedom: To be Queer and Christian in the Philippines","authors":"J. Cornelio, R. Dagle","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2065804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2065804","url":null,"abstract":"Queer Filipinos continue to experience different modes of discrimination, abuse, and coercion, mainly because of conservative religious worldviews. They encounter these experiences in their households, schools, workplaces, and churches, which we refer to as spaces of unfreedom. How do queer Filipinos navigate these spaces of unfreedom? We answer this based on interviews with queer young adult men who grew up Christian in various denominations. We argue that they are in an ongoing process of contesting unfreedom through moral, theological, and aspirational reasoning. We conclude by making a case for robust religious freedom for LGBTQ+ persons—one which goes beyond the legal discourse and recognizes their spaces of unfreedom.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87696776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2065812
E. Wilson
This article explores whether, and if so, how, vernacularization could play a role in fostering commitment to the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) across different cultural and political contexts. It suggests that while there are indications that vernacularization could and does contribute to this goal, there are points of concern and aspects that remain under-researched. These lingering caveats relate to the process of vernacularization itself and to its specific application to the right to FoRB. Resolving these dilemmas requires sustained, active attention by scholars, policymakers, and advocates engaged in human rights research and implementation.
{"title":"Blurring Boundaries or Deepening Discourses on FoRB? From Global to Local and Back Again","authors":"E. Wilson","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2065812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2065812","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores whether, and if so, how, vernacularization could play a role in fostering commitment to the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) across different cultural and political contexts. It suggests that while there are indications that vernacularization could and does contribute to this goal, there are points of concern and aspects that remain under-researched. These lingering caveats relate to the process of vernacularization itself and to its specific application to the right to FoRB. Resolving these dilemmas requires sustained, active attention by scholars, policymakers, and advocates engaged in human rights research and implementation.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2065805
Susannah Kerr
This article explores the relationship between the human right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief (FoRB) and security. It argues that FoRB and security are intricately intertwined and uses the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) concept of comprehensive and co-operative security as a theoretical underpinning and ideal-type model from which to assess other approaches to security. Through this lens, it asserts that if sustainable security is an end-goal, and if FoRB helps to ensure it, arbitrary restrictions of this right, or intrusive interference into the lives of religious or belief communities, will ultimately only undermine security and should be avoided.
{"title":"Reflections on Freedom of Religion or Belief and Security","authors":"Susannah Kerr","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2065805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2065805","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relationship between the human right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief (FoRB) and security. It argues that FoRB and security are intricately intertwined and uses the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) concept of comprehensive and co-operative security as a theoretical underpinning and ideal-type model from which to assess other approaches to security. Through this lens, it asserts that if sustainable security is an end-goal, and if FoRB helps to ensure it, arbitrary restrictions of this right, or intrusive interference into the lives of religious or belief communities, will ultimately only undermine security and should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81187488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031076
K. Yoo, Dong-uhn Suh
Historically the paradigm of religious governance in South Korea focused on controlling and regulation, with a constrained conception of “diversity” and a thin veneer of tolerance. The traditional pattern of religious governance in Korea reflects a merely nominal pluralism and problematic oligopolistic assumptions. Religious and worldview diversity is increasing in numerous ways. The mismatch between religious governance and religious diversity can be seen in the government’s treatment of unconventional religious groups. There is a need in Korea for the kind of robust, relational, and non-relativistic model represented by covenantal pluralism. Fortunately, there are emerging signs of potential progress toward this model.
{"title":"Religious Diversity and Religious Governance in South Korea: From Nominal to Covenantal Pluralism","authors":"K. Yoo, Dong-uhn Suh","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031076","url":null,"abstract":"Historically the paradigm of religious governance in South Korea focused on controlling and regulation, with a constrained conception of “diversity” and a thin veneer of tolerance. The traditional pattern of religious governance in Korea reflects a merely nominal pluralism and problematic oligopolistic assumptions. Religious and worldview diversity is increasing in numerous ways. The mismatch between religious governance and religious diversity can be seen in the government’s treatment of unconventional religious groups. There is a need in Korea for the kind of robust, relational, and non-relativistic model represented by covenantal pluralism. Fortunately, there are emerging signs of potential progress toward this model.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031056
Ernils Larsson
This article explores the concept of covenantal pluralism in a context of postwar Japan, with a focus on the legal framework separating the state from religion and guaranteeing the rights of religious minorities. The article argues that while there are relatively few instances of sectarian strife, the lack of agreement on how to interpret the category of religion, in particular in relation to Shrine Shinto, continues to lead to struggles between different camps. The article also questions the feasibility of covenantal pluralism as an ideal in a country where national identity is so closely linked to ideas of social homogeneity.
{"title":"Covenantal Pluralism in “Homogenous” Japan: Finding a Space for Religious Pluralism","authors":"Ernils Larsson","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031056","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the concept of covenantal pluralism in a context of postwar Japan, with a focus on the legal framework separating the state from religion and guaranteeing the rights of religious minorities. The article argues that while there are relatively few instances of sectarian strife, the lack of agreement on how to interpret the category of religion, in particular in relation to Shrine Shinto, continues to lead to struggles between different camps. The article also questions the feasibility of covenantal pluralism as an ideal in a country where national identity is so closely linked to ideas of social homogeneity.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89759175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031058
P. Marshall
{"title":"Indonesian Pluralities: Islam, Citizenship, and Democracy","authors":"P. Marshall","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88488264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031046
Rochana Bajpai
Embracing religious belief and societal norms, in addition to state laws and policies, covenantal pluralism has the potential to address key limitations of existing approaches to dealing with religious diversity. Nevertheless, it also shares some of the problems of other ideals. Notably, the demands of covenantal pluralism seem too onerous for most of the world, relying as they do on most of the population recognizing the value of religious pluralism. This article explores the possibilities and limits of covenantal pluralism in India, once heralded as a pluralist democracy, currently under the grip of Hindu supremacist authoritarianism. India’s historical record challenges key assumptions of theories of pluralist co-existence, illuminating problems and prospects for covenantal pluralism across the globe.
{"title":"Pluralizing Pluralism: Lessons from, and for, India","authors":"Rochana Bajpai","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031046","url":null,"abstract":"Embracing religious belief and societal norms, in addition to state laws and policies, covenantal pluralism has the potential to address key limitations of existing approaches to dealing with religious diversity. Nevertheless, it also shares some of the problems of other ideals. Notably, the demands of covenantal pluralism seem too onerous for most of the world, relying as they do on most of the population recognizing the value of religious pluralism. This article explores the possibilities and limits of covenantal pluralism in India, once heralded as a pluralist democracy, currently under the grip of Hindu supremacist authoritarianism. India’s historical record challenges key assumptions of theories of pluralist co-existence, illuminating problems and prospects for covenantal pluralism across the globe.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74638695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031071
M. Sekerák, Karol Lovaš
The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with almost all states of the world and with international organizations including the United Nations (UN), where it holds Permanent Observer status. Its diplomacy considers the UN as one of the most important agents in international affairs. In the article, we clarify the Holy See’s role as a Permanent Observer and its views on international cooperation before the Second Vatican Council. We then shed light on the leading principles and aims of its diplomacy at the UN as verbalized through the papal addresses to the General Assembly, letters to UN secretaries general, and various messages. Finally, we describe the Holy See’s position in the long-lasting debate over UN reform.
{"title":"The Diplomacy of the Holy See and its Transformation in the Context of Relations with the United Nations","authors":"M. Sekerák, Karol Lovaš","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031071","url":null,"abstract":"The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with almost all states of the world and with international organizations including the United Nations (UN), where it holds Permanent Observer status. Its diplomacy considers the UN as one of the most important agents in international affairs. In the article, we clarify the Holy See’s role as a Permanent Observer and its views on international cooperation before the Second Vatican Council. We then shed light on the leading principles and aims of its diplomacy at the UN as verbalized through the papal addresses to the General Assembly, letters to UN secretaries general, and various messages. Finally, we describe the Holy See’s position in the long-lasting debate over UN reform.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79744299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2031054
A. Kent
This article explores to what extent the ideals of covenantal pluralism resonate with or deviate from socio-cultural processes in Cambodia. It examines efforts made by various Khmer Buddhist protagonists to recover moral order following the Khmer Rouge era. Conversely, it describes how power continues to be monopolized by certain actors in a way that undermines trust in institutions and in other people generally. Thus it explores the tension between a religious system that might offer protection for all and a predatory political reality marked by unrestrained greed that benefits the powerful at the expense of the vulnerable.
{"title":"Covenantal Pluralism: Resonances and Dissonances in Cambodia","authors":"A. Kent","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2031054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2031054","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores to what extent the ideals of covenantal pluralism resonate with or deviate from socio-cultural processes in Cambodia. It examines efforts made by various Khmer Buddhist protagonists to recover moral order following the Khmer Rouge era. Conversely, it describes how power continues to be monopolized by certain actors in a way that undermines trust in institutions and in other people generally. Thus it explores the tension between a religious system that might offer protection for all and a predatory political reality marked by unrestrained greed that benefits the powerful at the expense of the vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90923673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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