Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139505
J. Birdsall
Using the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the World Evangelical Alliance as reference points, in this paper I do three things. First, I define my key terms: comprehensive security and evangelicalism. Second, I examine several of the most significant barriers to a wider embrace of the comprehensive security paradigm among evangelicals. Third, I look at some of the main evangelical statements that contribute to the cause of comprehensive security. My interest here is evangelical articulations of commitment to international human flourishing that complement the holistic vision of comprehensive security.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139532
Brett G. Scharffs
This article is a continuation of my search for a better metaphor than “balancing” to seek mutual vindication of the important values of security and religious freedom. Here I suggest the metaphor of how resin helps hold together layers of fabric to create fiberglass or Kevlar. The resin, I suggest, that binds the sheets of material together are the basic fundamental values that underly liberal constitutionalism—including the rule of law, due process, the presumption of innocence, and equal protection. I focus particularly on important messages from George Washington to religious communities upon his election as President and his message to his fellow countrymen upon his retirement for guidance about the importance of religious freedom to the democratic experiment in self-government.
{"title":"A Commitment to Religious Freedom as the Bond that Makes Us Free: Reinvigorating Security, Religious Autonomy, and the Good Society","authors":"Brett G. Scharffs","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139532","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a continuation of my search for a better metaphor than “balancing” to seek mutual vindication of the important values of security and religious freedom. Here I suggest the metaphor of how resin helps hold together layers of fabric to create fiberglass or Kevlar. The resin, I suggest, that binds the sheets of material together are the basic fundamental values that underly liberal constitutionalism—including the rule of law, due process, the presumption of innocence, and equal protection. I focus particularly on important messages from George Washington to religious communities upon his election as President and his message to his fellow countrymen upon his retirement for guidance about the importance of religious freedom to the democratic experiment in self-government.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85224741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139515
Susannah Kerr, J. Heiler
This article discusses the impact of religion-centric counter-terrorism trends on peoples’ enjoyment of freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief (FoRB). It underlines that everyone should be able to access this human right equally without discrimination, regardless of their convictions, but that this is not always the case. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) comprehensive security model, which considers human security alongside more conventional politico-military, environmental, and economic aspects, can be used to assess the quality and sustainability of security offered by contemporary counter-terrorism measures and provides a useful benchmark for state action in this area.
{"title":"Counter-terrorism, Discrimination, and Freedom of Thought, Conscience, Religion, or Belief","authors":"Susannah Kerr, J. Heiler","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139515","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the impact of religion-centric counter-terrorism trends on peoples’ enjoyment of freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief (FoRB). It underlines that everyone should be able to access this human right equally without discrimination, regardless of their convictions, but that this is not always the case. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) comprehensive security model, which considers human security alongside more conventional politico-military, environmental, and economic aspects, can be used to assess the quality and sustainability of security offered by contemporary counter-terrorism measures and provides a useful benchmark for state action in this area.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83884536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139523
K. Marshall
The essay draws on a multiyear project to assess how religious communities worldwide experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and how they have in turn shaped responses to the pandemic. It focuses on religious public health responses, religious gatherings, and practices such as funerals, and the remarkable responses, especially at community level, offering social safety nets to people devastated by lockdowns and economic crises. Stigma, violence against specific groups, effects on women and children, and mental health are central challenges. The pandemic casts new light on contemporary forms of religious practice, community, mobilization, and engagement.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Religion: Pandemic Lessons and Legacies","authors":"K. Marshall","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139523","url":null,"abstract":"The essay draws on a multiyear project to assess how religious communities worldwide experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and how they have in turn shaped responses to the pandemic. It focuses on religious public health responses, religious gatherings, and practices such as funerals, and the remarkable responses, especially at community level, offering social safety nets to people devastated by lockdowns and economic crises. Stigma, violence against specific groups, effects on women and children, and mental health are central challenges. The pandemic casts new light on contemporary forms of religious practice, community, mobilization, and engagement.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139539
Marco Ventura
With the environment growing as a crucial component of comprehensive security, this article presents the case for an active role of religious actors in environmental security. Descriptively, religious actors need to be acknowledged as providers of literacy on the ecological crisis and security threats, as well as agents of multilevel dialogue projects. At the same time, prescriptively, they should be challenged, from within their communities and from outside, about what they could and ought to improve in literacy, partnerships, and agency. It is argued that the resulting transformational process might decisively affect the redefinition, trajectories, and impact of environmental security as a crucial component of comprehensive security.
{"title":"Comprehensive Security and the Environment: The Challenge for Religions","authors":"Marco Ventura","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139539","url":null,"abstract":"With the environment growing as a crucial component of comprehensive security, this article presents the case for an active role of religious actors in environmental security. Descriptively, religious actors need to be acknowledged as providers of literacy on the ecological crisis and security threats, as well as agents of multilevel dialogue projects. At the same time, prescriptively, they should be challenged, from within their communities and from outside, about what they could and ought to improve in literacy, partnerships, and agency. It is argued that the resulting transformational process might decisively affect the redefinition, trajectories, and impact of environmental security as a crucial component of comprehensive security.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139529
Nausica Palazzo
According to the OSCE, contemporary threats to security are more likely to arise from causes other than armed conflicts. The OSCE considers the list of potential security threats open and able to intersect the military, economic, and “human sphere.” Yet, how open is this list and how open should it be? This paper tackles this question by examining the issue of whether discrimination and intolerance against LGBTQ populations can be considered a security threat that pertains to the human dimension of security. The current conflict in Ukraine illustrates the dangers of an expansive approach to framing security.
{"title":"Comprehensive Security and LGBTQ Rights","authors":"Nausica Palazzo","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139529","url":null,"abstract":"According to the OSCE, contemporary threats to security are more likely to arise from causes other than armed conflicts. The OSCE considers the list of potential security threats open and able to intersect the military, economic, and “human sphere.” Yet, how open is this list and how open should it be? This paper tackles this question by examining the issue of whether discrimination and intolerance against LGBTQ populations can be considered a security threat that pertains to the human dimension of security. The current conflict in Ukraine illustrates the dangers of an expansive approach to framing security.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2139542
Olivia Wilkinson
Religions and development research over the last twenty years has centered around some major common themes: that religions matter but are side-lined or ignored; that there are surges of interest in religions from international development policy makers and practitioners but that these can lead to instrumentalization and unfair co-option of religious assets; and multiple definitions and categorizations of faith-based organizations. While these major themes have advanced the field previously, new and recent emerging themes update and re-frame these previously dominant debates. The analysis in this article finds that the new emerging themes push for engaging with the complexity and contextuality of religions, working with a fuller diversity of religious actors, and using a range of research methods. Ultimately, the article finds that researchers in religions and development can move beyond questions of “added value” of religions to development, and instead focus on the nuance of religions for development goals in contextually specific ways.
{"title":"Re-framing Common Themes in Religions and Development Research","authors":"Olivia Wilkinson","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2139542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2139542","url":null,"abstract":"Religions and development research over the last twenty years has centered around some major common themes: that religions matter but are side-lined or ignored; that there are surges of interest in religions from international development policy makers and practitioners but that these can lead to instrumentalization and unfair co-option of religious assets; and multiple definitions and categorizations of faith-based organizations. While these major themes have advanced the field previously, new and recent emerging themes update and re-frame these previously dominant debates. The analysis in this article finds that the new emerging themes push for engaging with the complexity and contextuality of religions, working with a fuller diversity of religious actors, and using a range of research methods. Ultimately, the article finds that researchers in religions and development can move beyond questions of “added value” of religions to development, and instead focus on the nuance of religions for development goals in contextually specific ways.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76943940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2111790
G. Cameron
J ulia Berger’s book, Rethinking Religion and Politics in a Plural World: The Bahá’í International Community and the United Nations (Bloomsbury, 2021), is the first book-length analysis of the Bahá’í International Community’s (BIC) United Nations office. While the Bahá’í Faith is a comparatively small world religion, Berger argues its engagement with the United Nations and other international organizations is worthy of close examination. The first reason she provides is that the Bahá’í Faith is centrally concerned with the task of building a peaceful and prosperous global order, and alongside its growth and development as a community it has also been represented at landmark meetings and processes shaping the emergence of the contemporary United Nations system. A second reason she provides is the benefit of expanding the study of religious NGOs beyond Christian organizations. One of the primary conceptual contributions of Rethinking Religion and Politics is the author’s development and application of the “organizational substrate” as a way of investigating the underlying rationality of a religious non-governmental organization. The political science literature, primarily due to the prevalence of liberal and democratic theory, generally conceptualizes interest groups as organizations that seek to shape policy debates in line with group values or interests. While Berger does not entirely reject this conception, she argues that the “substrate” includes a view of the world that generates a kind of rational agency. What can appear from the outside as interest group behavior may in fact be an organization that is engaged in a process of world-making: acting “as a creative agent of alternative formulations of progress and social order, a partner in the co-creation of the modern world” (p. 11). Berger’s focus on the “substrate” of the BIC is related to her engagement with the category of religion and its relationship to modernity. She frames her book as a contribution to thinking about the “conditions of possibility” for religion in the modern world—or, in other words, how religion can be studied as “a living, organic phenomenon... [rather than] a set of beliefs, rituals and forms of worship” (p. 127). Religion is not reduced or silenced by modernity, Berger asserts; rather, its role in society is one of the generative features of modernity itself. Viewed from this perspective, the study of religious NGOs —such as the BIC—is important because it offers insight into the generation of new concepts and ideas that find expression in collective life, and thereby present alternative futures for humanity’s social and political evolution.
{"title":"Rethinking Religion and Politics in a Plural World: The Bahá’í International Community and the United Nations","authors":"G. Cameron","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2111790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2111790","url":null,"abstract":"J ulia Berger’s book, Rethinking Religion and Politics in a Plural World: The Bahá’í International Community and the United Nations (Bloomsbury, 2021), is the first book-length analysis of the Bahá’í International Community’s (BIC) United Nations office. While the Bahá’í Faith is a comparatively small world religion, Berger argues its engagement with the United Nations and other international organizations is worthy of close examination. The first reason she provides is that the Bahá’í Faith is centrally concerned with the task of building a peaceful and prosperous global order, and alongside its growth and development as a community it has also been represented at landmark meetings and processes shaping the emergence of the contemporary United Nations system. A second reason she provides is the benefit of expanding the study of religious NGOs beyond Christian organizations. One of the primary conceptual contributions of Rethinking Religion and Politics is the author’s development and application of the “organizational substrate” as a way of investigating the underlying rationality of a religious non-governmental organization. The political science literature, primarily due to the prevalence of liberal and democratic theory, generally conceptualizes interest groups as organizations that seek to shape policy debates in line with group values or interests. While Berger does not entirely reject this conception, she argues that the “substrate” includes a view of the world that generates a kind of rational agency. What can appear from the outside as interest group behavior may in fact be an organization that is engaged in a process of world-making: acting “as a creative agent of alternative formulations of progress and social order, a partner in the co-creation of the modern world” (p. 11). Berger’s focus on the “substrate” of the BIC is related to her engagement with the category of religion and its relationship to modernity. She frames her book as a contribution to thinking about the “conditions of possibility” for religion in the modern world—or, in other words, how religion can be studied as “a living, organic phenomenon... [rather than] a set of beliefs, rituals and forms of worship” (p. 127). Religion is not reduced or silenced by modernity, Berger asserts; rather, its role in society is one of the generative features of modernity itself. Viewed from this perspective, the study of religious NGOs —such as the BIC—is important because it offers insight into the generation of new concepts and ideas that find expression in collective life, and thereby present alternative futures for humanity’s social and political evolution.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74325887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2111804
Nazila Ghanea
Despite the normative integration between freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and women’s rights, the misperception that women’s rights and FoRB are clashing rights persists. This is compounded by the extensive religiously phrased reservations by States upon ratification of international treaties that amplify this misperception that FoRB serves to restrict women’s rights. The correctives to these misperceptions lie in reflecting upon the universality, indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of all human rights norms (see the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, article 1.5). They also lie in the realization that FoRB is a right like any other. FoRB is neither a right of “religion” as such nor an instrument for support of religiously phrased reservations and limitations on women’s rights.
{"title":"Piecing the Puzzle—Women and Freedom of Religion or Belief","authors":"Nazila Ghanea","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2111804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2111804","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the normative integration between freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and women’s rights, the misperception that women’s rights and FoRB are clashing rights persists. This is compounded by the extensive religiously phrased reservations by States upon ratification of international treaties that amplify this misperception that FoRB serves to restrict women’s rights. The correctives to these misperceptions lie in reflecting upon the universality, indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of all human rights norms (see the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, article 1.5). They also lie in the realization that FoRB is a right like any other. FoRB is neither a right of “religion” as such nor an instrument for support of religiously phrased reservations and limitations on women’s rights.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86843405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2022.2111814
J. Temperman
The Dutch approach to calibrating freedom of religion or belief and gender equality is characterized by its outspokenness as far as external affairs are concerned and, historically, the absence of a similar degree of fortitude when it comes to its internal affairs. Recently, the two perspectives—internal affairs and external relations—have become more or less aligned. This process was significantly steered by judicial interventions and interventions by human rights monitoring bodies, which judicial recourse was mobilized in turn by civil society. The non-proactive attitude on the part of the state must be understood—yet not necessarily justified—on account of its unique political constellation in which pillars, polders and principles are driving, if conflicting, forces.
{"title":"Freedom of Religion or Belief and Gender Equality in the Netherlands: Between Pillars, Polders, and Principles","authors":"J. Temperman","doi":"10.1080/15570274.2022.2111814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2022.2111814","url":null,"abstract":"The Dutch approach to calibrating freedom of religion or belief and gender equality is characterized by its outspokenness as far as external affairs are concerned and, historically, the absence of a similar degree of fortitude when it comes to its internal affairs. Recently, the two perspectives—internal affairs and external relations—have become more or less aligned. This process was significantly steered by judicial interventions and interventions by human rights monitoring bodies, which judicial recourse was mobilized in turn by civil society. The non-proactive attitude on the part of the state must be understood—yet not necessarily justified—on account of its unique political constellation in which pillars, polders and principles are driving, if conflicting, forces.","PeriodicalId":92307,"journal":{"name":"The review of faith & international affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81838479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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