Simvastatin(SMV) is poorly soluble drug classified as belonging to Class II of BiopharmaceuticsClassification System. Common approach to improve apparent solubility of drugsis production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) by means of spray drying(SD) or hot-melt extrusion. Spray drying of low-glass transition temperature(Tg) ASDs is challenging due to the risk of material being exposed to SD outlettemperatures close to its Tg which may result in melting of ASD and subsequentcrystallisation of amorphous drug. It was hypothesised that addition ofeasily-crystallising material to ASD will improve its SD processability. Inaddition, it was hypothesised that produced ternary solid dispersions (TSD)composed of amorphous composite of drug and the polymer (PVP K17, 55 and 150) andcrystalline, soluble nanoparticles (NaCl) will improve dissolution of TSDtablets. The dissolution of SMV fromTSDs was faster compared with that of binary solid dispersion in case of SMV-TSDsproduced with PVP K55 and 150. The tabletabilityassessment showed increase in compression led to increase in tensile strengthand decrease in porosities of SDs tablets.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterisation of spray dried ternary solid dispersions of simvastatin. Processability, tableting and dissolution.","authors":"Hanan Abdalmaula, A. Paradkar, K. Paluch","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.605","url":null,"abstract":"Simvastatin(SMV) is poorly soluble drug classified as belonging to Class II of BiopharmaceuticsClassification System. Common approach to improve apparent solubility of drugsis production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) by means of spray drying(SD) or hot-melt extrusion. Spray drying of low-glass transition temperature(Tg) ASDs is challenging due to the risk of material being exposed to SD outlettemperatures close to its Tg which may result in melting of ASD and subsequentcrystallisation of amorphous drug. It was hypothesised that addition ofeasily-crystallising material to ASD will improve its SD processability. Inaddition, it was hypothesised that produced ternary solid dispersions (TSD)composed of amorphous composite of drug and the polymer (PVP K17, 55 and 150) andcrystalline, soluble nanoparticles (NaCl) will improve dissolution of TSDtablets. The dissolution of SMV fromTSDs was faster compared with that of binary solid dispersion in case of SMV-TSDsproduced with PVP K55 and 150. The tabletabilityassessment showed increase in compression led to increase in tensile strengthand decrease in porosities of SDs tablets.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77587690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the drug–polymer miscibility and molecular interaction of budesonide in polymers (PVP/VA E 735, 635 and 535) systems were studied, by using three techniques including, calculation of Hansen solubility parameters, analysis of melting points depression, and measurement of glass transition temperature (Tg). Budesonide nanoparticles were prepared by sonication technique. The combined effect of four significant formulation variables, namely, polymer and surfactant concentrations, time and amplitude of sonication on particle size, polydispersity, drug loading and entrapment efficiency of drug was investigated by apply 24 factorial design. The drug/ polymer blend was considered miscible depending on the results of three approaches. The results of calculated values of miscibility parameter (χ) for each pair were negative ranging from - 2.012to -1.948. Single Tg and positive deviation from Gordon-Taylor model for all ratios of drug–polymer binary mixtures. Produced amorphous budesonide nanoparticles, depending on choice of polymer and process parameters contained from 97% to 99% drug, with particle size diameter varying in size from 641-357 nm. It was found that clear evidence on effect VA ratio on percent entrapment efficiency and particle size of budesonide.
{"title":"Impact of solid state miscibility on quantitive nano-precipitation of budesonide and PVP-VA.","authors":"Hanan Abdalmaula, A. Paradkar, K. Paluch","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.606","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the drug–polymer miscibility and molecular interaction of budesonide in polymers (PVP/VA E 735, 635 and 535) systems were studied, by using three techniques including, calculation of Hansen solubility parameters, analysis of melting points depression, and measurement of glass transition temperature (Tg). Budesonide nanoparticles were prepared by sonication technique. The combined effect of four significant formulation variables, namely, polymer and surfactant concentrations, time and amplitude of sonication on particle size, polydispersity, drug loading and entrapment efficiency of drug was investigated by apply 24 factorial design. The drug/ polymer blend was considered miscible depending on the results of three approaches. The results of calculated values of miscibility parameter (χ) for each pair were negative ranging from - 2.012to -1.948. Single Tg and positive deviation from Gordon-Taylor model for all ratios of drug–polymer binary mixtures. Produced amorphous budesonide nanoparticles, depending on choice of polymer and process parameters contained from 97% to 99% drug, with particle size diameter varying in size from 641-357 nm. It was found that clear evidence on effect VA ratio on percent entrapment efficiency and particle size of budesonide.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Faheem, A. Elkordy, Mohamed El-Tanani, Samuel Girgis
Ran is a small RAS-related GTPase and is overexpressed in breast carcinoma to induce malignant transformation and metastatic growth. A novel series of antiRan-GTPase peptide (CK-10), which inhibits Ran hydrolysis and activation, have suboptimal activity in vitro due to low bioavailability and poor delivery. To overcome these disadvantages, we delivered the CK-10 peptide by encapsulating it in PLGA-based nanoparticles (NP). The successful delivery of CK-10 can prevent Ran activation by blocking a regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) following peptide release directly in the cytoplasm after endocytosis of the novel NP(s). A novel hydrodynamic flow technique is designed to avoid the drawbacks with a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Loading efficiency and in vitro release were measured by modified Lowry assay, size was characterized by dynamic light scattering, tuneable pore resistive sensing and laser obscuration time, zeta potential was measured by laser anemometry, morphology was scanned by electron microscopes and laser obscuration time. Water absorption and its associated changes in the physicochemical properties were measured by various color indicator and potentiometric titration techniques tounderstand the fundamental biodegradation process. PLGA/β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles showed the highest peptide loading (53.92%m/m) for the novel microfluidic technique with the highest cumulative release of 91.38%.
{"title":"A Novel Microfluidic Assembly of a Biodegradable Nanostructures Designed for Site Specific Delivery of Anticancer Peptide Site Specific Delivery of Anticancer Peptide","authors":"A. Faheem, A. Elkordy, Mohamed El-Tanani, Samuel Girgis","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.601","url":null,"abstract":"Ran is a small RAS-related GTPase and is overexpressed in breast carcinoma to induce malignant transformation and metastatic growth. A novel series of antiRan-GTPase peptide (CK-10), which inhibits Ran hydrolysis and activation, have suboptimal activity in vitro due to low bioavailability and poor delivery. To overcome these disadvantages, we delivered the CK-10 peptide by encapsulating it in PLGA-based nanoparticles (NP). The successful delivery of CK-10 can prevent Ran activation by blocking a regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) following peptide release directly in the cytoplasm after endocytosis of the novel NP(s). A novel hydrodynamic flow technique is designed to avoid the drawbacks with a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Loading efficiency and in vitro release were measured by modified Lowry assay, size was characterized by dynamic light scattering, tuneable pore resistive sensing and laser obscuration time, zeta potential was measured by laser anemometry, morphology was scanned by electron microscopes and laser obscuration time. Water absorption and its associated changes in the physicochemical properties were measured by various color indicator and potentiometric titration techniques tounderstand the fundamental biodegradation process. PLGA/β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles showed the highest peptide loading (53.92%m/m) for the novel microfluidic technique with the highest cumulative release of 91.38%.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Faheem, A. Elkordy, Mohamed El-Tanani, Samuel Girgis
The main objective of this work was to formulate novel amphiphilic PLGA nanoparticles with improved physicochemical properties for the delivery of the novel peptide (CK-10) to be used for targeting of the cancerous/tumour tissue. This was achieved by blending of various amphiphilic polymers with PLGA, especially by using a novel microfluidic technique which can overcome several problems of the conventional techniques like the double emulsion technique e.g. low peptide loading efficiencies, large sizes, and high PDI. Loading efficiency was measured by modified Lowry assay; size and zeta potential were characterized by dynamic light scattering and tuneable pore resistive sensing techniques; images were scanned by scanning and transmission electron microscopes; stability and interaction were confirmed by HPLC-MS, FTIR, DSC and CZE. PLGA/Poloxamer nanoparticles exhibited higher peptide loading than the other types of PLGA nanoparticles [56.13 %m/m for the novel microfluidic technique]. PLGA/Poloxamer prepared by the microfluidics technique had the smallest size with the lowest PDI (208.90 nm, 0.11) which is a vital parameter for targeting. The successful development of better physicochemical properties for the CK-10 loaded PLGA nanoparticles can improve the RAN blocking by CK-10.
{"title":"A Novel biodegradable system based on poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles for delivery of a novel anticancer peptide delivery of a novel anticancer peptide","authors":"A. Faheem, A. Elkordy, Mohamed El-Tanani, Samuel Girgis","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.599","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work was to formulate novel amphiphilic PLGA nanoparticles with improved physicochemical properties for the delivery of the novel peptide (CK-10) to be used for targeting of the cancerous/tumour tissue. This was achieved by blending of various amphiphilic polymers with PLGA, especially by using a novel microfluidic technique which can overcome several problems of the conventional techniques like the double emulsion technique e.g. low peptide loading efficiencies, large sizes, and high PDI. Loading efficiency was measured by modified Lowry assay; size and zeta potential were characterized by dynamic light scattering and tuneable pore resistive sensing techniques; images were scanned by scanning and transmission electron microscopes; stability and interaction were confirmed by HPLC-MS, FTIR, DSC and CZE. PLGA/Poloxamer nanoparticles exhibited higher peptide loading than the other types of PLGA nanoparticles [56.13 %m/m for the novel microfluidic technique]. PLGA/Poloxamer prepared by the microfluidics technique had the smallest size with the lowest PDI (208.90 nm, 0.11) which is a vital parameter for targeting. The successful development of better physicochemical properties for the CK-10 loaded PLGA nanoparticles can improve the RAN blocking by CK-10.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85334127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ramadan, Heba M. Abd-El-Azim, I. Tekko, N. Khalafallah, N. Nafee, R. Donnelly
Hypericin (Hy) is a potent lipid-soluble photosensitizerhaving broad pharmacological spectrum. Nevertheless, its poor water solubilityleads to its aggregation in the biological systems that consequently diminishesits photodynamic activity (PDA) and its therapeutic applications. Therefore,this study presents novel hydro-solving bilayer microneedle (MN) arraysincorporating Hy-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNC) to prevent drug aggregation,enhance its delivery and local PDA. The Hy-LNC were prepared by phase inversiontechnique and showed homogenous particle size distribution and highencapsulation efficiency (88.42 ± 0.11%). The bilayer MNs consist of a hydrogelcross-linked, drug-free base plate and a Hy-loaded MN for a one-stepapplication. The dissolving MNs were fabricated from aqueous blends of 10% w/wpolyvinyl alcohol and 30% w/w polyvinyl pyrrolidone by casting and pressure.The MN arrays were characterized for mechanical strength and insertion depth.The bilayer arrays showed good mechanical strength under a compression force of32 N, with a height reduction of 10.14 ± 0.55% and sufficient insertion depthin both Parafilm M® and the excised porcine skin. After 2h of application toexcised pig skin, the MNs were completely dissolved ensuring the delivery ofits payload and the base plate was removed intact free from MN residuals. Inconclusion, the incorporation of Hy-LNC into this novel bilayer MNs overcomeits aggregation and ensured the complete insertion of the drug-loaded MNs. ThisLNC-MN system is promising for improving Hy local availability and thusenhancing its photodynamic application.
{"title":"Bilayer Dissolving Microneedles Incorporating Hypericin-Loaded Nanocapsules For Improved Localised Photodynamic Therapy","authors":"A. Ramadan, Heba M. Abd-El-Azim, I. Tekko, N. Khalafallah, N. Nafee, R. Donnelly","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.593","url":null,"abstract":"Hypericin (Hy) is a potent lipid-soluble photosensitizerhaving broad pharmacological spectrum. Nevertheless, its poor water solubilityleads to its aggregation in the biological systems that consequently diminishesits photodynamic activity (PDA) and its therapeutic applications. Therefore,this study presents novel hydro-solving bilayer microneedle (MN) arraysincorporating Hy-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNC) to prevent drug aggregation,enhance its delivery and local PDA. The Hy-LNC were prepared by phase inversiontechnique and showed homogenous particle size distribution and highencapsulation efficiency (88.42 ± 0.11%). The bilayer MNs consist of a hydrogelcross-linked, drug-free base plate and a Hy-loaded MN for a one-stepapplication. The dissolving MNs were fabricated from aqueous blends of 10% w/wpolyvinyl alcohol and 30% w/w polyvinyl pyrrolidone by casting and pressure.The MN arrays were characterized for mechanical strength and insertion depth.The bilayer arrays showed good mechanical strength under a compression force of32 N, with a height reduction of 10.14 ± 0.55% and sufficient insertion depthin both Parafilm M® and the excised porcine skin. After 2h of application toexcised pig skin, the MNs were completely dissolved ensuring the delivery ofits payload and the base plate was removed intact free from MN residuals. Inconclusion, the incorporation of Hy-LNC into this novel bilayer MNs overcomeits aggregation and ensured the complete insertion of the drug-loaded MNs. ThisLNC-MN system is promising for improving Hy local availability and thusenhancing its photodynamic application.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85832058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Faheem, D. Abdelkader, M. Osman, P. McCarron, S. El-Gizawy
Nanoparticles have shown a certain potential to overcome thedrawbacks of oral peptide delivery in the gastrointestinal tract such as lowpeptide stability and permeability. Insulin PLGA NP were prepared using amodified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Insulin PLGA NP were composedfrom human insulin (5 mg) encapsulated in PLGA 2.5% (w/v) mixed with PEG (2kDa, 5% w/w) and the external aqueous phase contained 1.25% of PVA. Theresulting nanoparticles of 202.6 nm diameter and loaded with 33.86 μg insulinper mg of polymer were utilised in this study to examine the hypoglycaemiceffect after combination with a protease inhibitor, N-Ethylmaleimide.
{"title":"Oral Insulin Delivery in Diabetic Rats by PLGA Nanoparticles Combined with a Protease Inhibitor (N-Ethylmaleimide)","authors":"A. Faheem, D. Abdelkader, M. Osman, P. McCarron, S. El-Gizawy","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.588","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have shown a certain potential to overcome thedrawbacks of oral peptide delivery in the gastrointestinal tract such as lowpeptide stability and permeability. Insulin PLGA NP were prepared using amodified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Insulin PLGA NP were composedfrom human insulin (5 mg) encapsulated in PLGA 2.5% (w/v) mixed with PEG (2kDa, 5% w/w) and the external aqueous phase contained 1.25% of PVA. Theresulting nanoparticles of 202.6 nm diameter and loaded with 33.86 μg insulinper mg of polymer were utilised in this study to examine the hypoglycaemiceffect after combination with a protease inhibitor, N-Ethylmaleimide.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78799575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thisstudy aims to elucidate the respective effects of normobaric hyperoxygenationand hyperbaric pressurisation on key re-epithelialisation processes in woundhealing. Cultured human keratinocytes exposed to intermittent normobaric hyperoxygenationexhibited enhanced cellularmigration marked by a significant decline in E-cadherin expression. Keratinocyteproliferation, cellular metabolic activity, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 releasewere also significantly reduced. These changes were not observed with hyperbaricpressurisation alone. Moreover, cellular differentiation was not altered undernormobaric hyperoxygenation or hyperbaric pressurisation. Thus, we concludethat hyperoxygenation differentially modulates key cellular processes in re-epithelialisation.Oxygenation, but not pressurisation, appears to be the predominant factor modulatingkeratinocyte migration and proliferation. These findings argue for an alternativetreatment modality to hyperbaric oxygenation for wound healing, focused on enhancingtissue oxygenation without administering hyperbaric pressures.
{"title":"The influence of oxygen and pressure on keratinocytes","authors":"Adrian C Williams, K. A. Obeid, K. W. Ng, W. Lau","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.598","url":null,"abstract":"Thisstudy aims to elucidate the respective effects of normobaric hyperoxygenationand hyperbaric pressurisation on key re-epithelialisation processes in woundhealing. Cultured human keratinocytes exposed to intermittent normobaric hyperoxygenationexhibited enhanced cellularmigration marked by a significant decline in E-cadherin expression. Keratinocyteproliferation, cellular metabolic activity, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 releasewere also significantly reduced. These changes were not observed with hyperbaricpressurisation alone. Moreover, cellular differentiation was not altered undernormobaric hyperoxygenation or hyperbaric pressurisation. Thus, we concludethat hyperoxygenation differentially modulates key cellular processes in re-epithelialisation.Oxygenation, but not pressurisation, appears to be the predominant factor modulatingkeratinocyte migration and proliferation. These findings argue for an alternativetreatment modality to hyperbaric oxygenation for wound healing, focused on enhancingtissue oxygenation without administering hyperbaric pressures.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adeola, K. Asare-Addo, Michael A. Odeniyi, O. A. Omoteso, W. Kaialy
The study investigated theeffect of modification on the physicochemical and drug release properties ofstarches extracted from African rice (Oryzaglaberrima Steud) (AR) and Fonio (Digitariaexilis Stapf) (FR). The starches were modified by pregelatinization andcarboxymethylation. The morphology andphysicochemical properties of the produced grades of starches were analysedusing SEM, RVA, FTIR, P-XRD and DSC. Dissolution was also conducted using amodel poorly-soluble drug with low melting point (Ibuprofen). SEM images showeda distinct change in the morphology of the modified starches. Native starchforms had the highest solubility while the carboxymethylated starch forms hadthe highest water absorbing capacity and swelling index. FTIR and P-XRDconfirmed the characteristic functional groups of the starches with theirthermal properties demonstrated by DSC. Ibuprofen release from the starch tabletsin phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) showed that native AR starch demonstrated similarrelease profiles with its carboxymethylated form (f2 = 57.5), however, different from the pregelatinisedform (f2 = 32.8). Native FRstarch demonstrated a different release profile to the carboxymethylated (f2 = 8.6) and the pregelatinisedstarch forms (f2 = 35.3). Fickiandiffusion was the main kinetics of drug release. Modification of these starchescan generate polysaccharides with different properties and improvedfunctionalities with a potential for use as alternative pharmaceuticalexcipients.
{"title":"Effect of pregelatinization and carboxymethylation on starches from African rice and Fonio: Influence on release of low melting-point drug Starch modifications for drug release","authors":"A. Adeola, K. Asare-Addo, Michael A. Odeniyi, O. A. Omoteso, W. Kaialy","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.645","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated theeffect of modification on the physicochemical and drug release properties ofstarches extracted from African rice (Oryzaglaberrima Steud) (AR) and Fonio (Digitariaexilis Stapf) (FR). The starches were modified by pregelatinization andcarboxymethylation. The morphology andphysicochemical properties of the produced grades of starches were analysedusing SEM, RVA, FTIR, P-XRD and DSC. Dissolution was also conducted using amodel poorly-soluble drug with low melting point (Ibuprofen). SEM images showeda distinct change in the morphology of the modified starches. Native starchforms had the highest solubility while the carboxymethylated starch forms hadthe highest water absorbing capacity and swelling index. FTIR and P-XRDconfirmed the characteristic functional groups of the starches with theirthermal properties demonstrated by DSC. Ibuprofen release from the starch tabletsin phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) showed that native AR starch demonstrated similarrelease profiles with its carboxymethylated form (f2 = 57.5), however, different from the pregelatinisedform (f2 = 32.8). Native FRstarch demonstrated a different release profile to the carboxymethylated (f2 = 8.6) and the pregelatinisedstarch forms (f2 = 35.3). Fickiandiffusion was the main kinetics of drug release. Modification of these starchescan generate polysaccharides with different properties and improvedfunctionalities with a potential for use as alternative pharmaceuticalexcipients.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"1 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary G. Etty-Leal, V. Tran, Lara Kusmanoff, D. Pearce, A. Politis, Loren A. Reynolds, D. Sepe, V. Chan
Aim: To determine the proportion of patients admitted to a major tertiary teaching hospital in Australia aged 50 years and older with a confirmed neck of femur or vertebral minimal trauma fracture, who are commenced on specific antiosteoporosis therapy by discharge, and to describe the agents prescribed. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using patients’ electronic medical files of patients admitted with a minimal trauma fracture of the hip or vertebra during a 6 month period. Results: A total of 407 patients were audited and 64 patients were included in the study; 37 were admitted for a fractured hip and 27 were admitted for a vertebral fracture. Of these 64 patients, a total of 14 (21.9%) patients were commenced on specific anti-osteoporosis therapy. Denosumab (71%) was the most commonly initiated treatment, followed by risedronate (21%) then alendronate (7%). Conclusion: Majority of patients presenting to hospital with a minimal trauma fracture were not commenced on anti-osteoporosis therapy in hospital. This is a missed opportunity for intervention that may place patients at a higher risk of subsequent fracture; therefore effective strategies should be implemented to address this treatment gap in the future.
{"title":"Osteoporosis therapy initiation post-minimal trauma fracture","authors":"Mary G. Etty-Leal, V. Tran, Lara Kusmanoff, D. Pearce, A. Politis, Loren A. Reynolds, D. Sepe, V. Chan","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.567","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the proportion of patients admitted to a major tertiary teaching hospital in Australia aged 50 years and older with a confirmed neck of femur or vertebral minimal trauma fracture, who are commenced on specific antiosteoporosis therapy by discharge, and to describe the agents prescribed. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using patients’ electronic medical files of patients admitted with a minimal trauma fracture of the hip or vertebra during a 6 month period. Results: A total of 407 patients were audited and 64 patients were included in the study; 37 were admitted for a fractured hip and 27 were admitted for a vertebral fracture. Of these 64 patients, a total of 14 (21.9%) patients were commenced on specific anti-osteoporosis therapy. Denosumab (71%) was the most commonly initiated treatment, followed by risedronate (21%) then alendronate (7%). Conclusion: Majority of patients presenting to hospital with a minimal trauma fracture were not commenced on anti-osteoporosis therapy in hospital. This is a missed opportunity for intervention that may place patients at a higher risk of subsequent fracture; therefore effective strategies should be implemented to address this treatment gap in the future.","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87675369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface texture analysis of 3D printed matrices: before and after dissolution 3DP tablet surface imaging","authors":"B. Conway, M. U. Ghori, Z. Khizer","doi":"10.5920/BJPHARM.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5920/BJPHARM.554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9253,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"60 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86800341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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