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Designing rice panicle architecture via developmental regulatory genes. 利用发育调控基因设计水稻穗部结构。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22075
Ayumi Agata, Motoyuki Ashikari, Yutaka Sato, Hidemi Kitano, Tokunori Hobo

Rice panicle architecture displays remarkable diversity in branch number, branch length, and grain arrangement; however, much remains unknown about how such diversity in patterns is generated. Although several genes related to panicle branch number and panicle length have been identified, how panicle branch number and panicle length are coordinately regulated is unclear. Here, we show that panicle length and panicle branch number are independently regulated by the genes Prl5/OsGA20ox4, Pbl6/APO1, and Gn1a/OsCKX2. We produced near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the Koshihikari genetic background harboring the elite alleles for Prl5, regulating panicle rachis length; Pbl6, regulating primary branch length; and Gn1a, regulating panicle branching in various combinations. A pyramiding line carrying Prl5, Pbl6, and Gn1a showed increased panicle length and branching without any trade-off relationship between branch length or number. We successfully produced various arrangement patterns of grains by changing the combination of alleles at these three loci. Improvement of panicle architecture raised yield without associated negative effects on yield-related traits except for panicle number. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses by X-ray computed tomography (CT) of panicles revealed that differences in panicle architecture affect grain filling. Importantly, we determined that Prl5 improves grain filling without affecting grain number.

水稻穗部结构在分枝数、分枝长度和籽粒排列上表现出显著的多样性;然而,对于这种模式的多样性是如何产生的,人们仍然知之甚少。虽然已经鉴定出几个与穗支数和穗长有关的基因,但穗支数和穗长是如何协调调控的尚不清楚。本研究表明,穗长和穗支数分别由pr15 /OsGA20ox4、Pbl6/APO1和Gn1a/OsCKX2基因独立调控。我们在Koshihikari遗传背景下获得了含有pr15精英等位基因的近等基因系(NILs),调控穗轴长度;Pbl6,调节一次支路长度;和Gn1a,调节不同组合的穗枝分枝。携带pr15、Pbl6和Gn1a的锥形系的穗长和分枝增加,但分枝长度和分枝数之间没有权衡关系。我们通过改变这三个位点的等位基因组合,成功地产生了不同的籽粒排列模式。除穗数外,改良穗型对产量相关性状无负相关影响。利用x射线计算机断层扫描(CT)对籽粒进行三维(3D)分析,发现籽粒结构的差异影响籽粒灌浆。重要的是,我们确定Prl5在不影响粒数的情况下改善了籽粒灌浆。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic control of morphological traits useful for improving sorghum. 高粱改良形态性状的遗传控制。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22069
Hideki Takanashi

Global climate change and global warming, coupled with the growing population, have raised concerns about sustainable food supply and bioenergy demand. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ranks fifth among cereals produced worldwide; it is a C4 crop with a higher stress tolerance than other major cereals and has a wide range of uses, such as grains, forage, and biomass. Therefore, sorghum has attracted attention as a promising crop for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In addition, sorghum is a suitable genetic model for C4 grasses because of its high morphological diversity and relatively small genome size compared to other C4 grasses. Although sorghum breeding and genetic studies have lagged compared to other crops such as rice and maize, recent advances in research have identified several genes and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control important agronomic traits in sorghum. This review outlines traits and genetic information with a focus on morphogenetic aspects that may be useful in sorghum breeding for grain and biomass utilization.

全球气候变化和全球变暖,加上人口增长,引发了人们对可持续粮食供应和生物能源需求的担忧。高粱[双色高粱]在世界谷物产量中排名第五;它是一种C4作物,比其他主要谷物具有更高的抗逆性,具有广泛的用途,如谷物,饲料和生物质。因此,高粱作为实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)的一种有前景的作物而备受关注。此外,与其他C4禾本科植物相比,高粱具有较高的形态多样性和相对较小的基因组大小,是C4禾本科植物适宜的遗传模型。尽管与水稻和玉米等其他作物相比,高粱的育种和遗传研究滞后,但最近的研究进展已经确定了高粱中控制重要农艺性状的几个基因和许多数量性状位点(qtl)。本文综述了高粱的性状和遗传信息,重点介绍了形态发生方面的信息,这些信息可能对高粱的粮食和生物质利用育种有用。
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引用次数: 5
Understanding plant development for plant breeding. 了解植物发育,促进植物育种。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.73.1
Jun-Ichi Itoh, Yutaka Sato
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引用次数: 0
Form follows function in Triticeae inflorescences. 在小麦科花序中,形式服从功能。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22085
Shun Sakuma, Ravi Koppolu

Grass inflorescences produce grains, which are directly connected to our food. In grass crops, yields are mainly affected by grain number and weight; thus, understanding inflorescence shape is crucially important for cereal crop breeding. In the last two decades, several key genes controlling inflorescence shape have been elucidated, thanks to the availability of rich genetic resources and powerful genomics tools. In this review, we focus on the inflorescence architecture of Triticeae species, including the major cereal crops wheat and barley. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of spike branching, and spikelet and floret development in the Triticeae. Considering our changing climate and its impacts on cereal crop yields, we also discuss the future orientation of research.

草的花序产生谷物,这些谷物与我们的食物直接相关。在禾草作物中,产量主要受粒数和重量的影响;因此,了解花序形状对谷类作物育种至关重要。在过去的二十年中,由于丰富的遗传资源和强大的基因组学工具的可用性,一些控制花序形状的关键基因已经被阐明。本文综述了小麦科植物的花序结构,包括主要的谷类作物小麦和大麦。本文综述了小麦科植物穗分枝的遗传基础以及小穗和小花发育的最新进展。考虑到气候变化及其对谷类作物产量的影响,我们还讨论了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
Diversity of tomato leaf form provides novel insights into breeding. 番茄叶片形态的多样性为育种提供了新的见解。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22061
Hokuto Nakayama, Yasunori Ichihashi, Seisuke Kimura

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.

番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)在全球广泛种植。由于其漫长的育种历史,该作物表现出巨大的形态变异。除了商业番茄品种外,野生品种和传家宝也在世界某些地区种植。由于水果构成了可食用的部分,许多农学研究都集中在它上面。然而,近年来的研究表明,叶片形态影响果实品质。由于叶片是专门的光合器官,并通过维管系统将光合产物运送到下沉器官,因此叶片的结构特性对最终果实的品质有很大影响。因此,需要对番茄果实和叶片形态进行综合研究,以进一步进行番茄育种。本文综述了番茄叶片发育的基本知识、形态多样性及其分子机制,并强调了其在育种中的重要性。最后,我们讨论了如何将这些发现和知识应用于未来的番茄育种。
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引用次数: 3
Root nodule organogenesis: a unique lateral organogenesis in legumes. 根瘤器官发生:豆科植物中一种独特的侧边器官发生。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22067
Takuya Suzaki

During the course of plant evolution, leguminous and a few plants species have established root nodule symbiosis (RNS), one of the nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategies based on mutual interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In addition to its useful agronomic trait, RNS comprises a unique form of plant lateral organogenesis; dedifferentiation and activation of cortical cells in the root are induced upon bacterial infection during nodule development. In the past few years, the elucidations of the significance of NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor as a potentially key innovative factor of RNS, the details of its function, and the successive discoveries of its target genes have advanced our understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis. In addition, a recent elucidation of the role of legume SHORTROOT-SCARECROW module has provided the insights into the unique properties of legume cortical cells. Here, I summarize such latest findings on the neofunctionalized key players of nodule organogenesis, which may provide clue to understand an evolutionary basis of RNS.

在植物进化过程中,豆科植物和少数植物物种建立了根结共生(root nodule symbiosis, RNS),这是植物与固氮细菌相互作用的氮养分获取策略之一。除了其有用的农艺性状外,RNS还包括一种独特的植物侧枝器官发生形式;根瘤发育过程中,细菌感染可诱导根部皮层细胞的去分化和活化。近年来,对NODULE INCEPTION转录因子作为RNS潜在关键创新因子意义的阐明、其功能的细节以及其靶基因的陆续发现,促进了我们对结节器官发生的分子机制的理解。此外,最近对豆科植物shortroot -稻草人模块的作用的阐明,为豆科植物皮质细胞的独特特性提供了见解。在此,我总结了这些关于结节器官发生的新功能关键参与者的最新发现,这可能为理解RNS的进化基础提供线索。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. 水稻株型的遗传基础及其育种改良。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088
Wakana Tanaka, Takaki Yamauchi, Katsutoshi Tsuda

The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.

茎和根系结构是作物生产力的基础。在人工选择驯化和后驯化育种的历史中,水稻的结构与野生祖先相比发生了重大变化,以满足农业的需要。本文综述了水稻发育生物学的最新研究进展,重点介绍了水稻植株结构的决定因素;芽分生组织,叶,分蘖,茎,花序和根。我们还强调了影响这些结构的自然变异,并在品种中加以利用。重要的是,从发育突变体中鉴定出的许多核心调节因子作为弱等位基因在育种中被用作适度影响这些结构的弱等位基因。随着功能基因组学和基因组编辑的兴起,本文所讨论的水稻植株结构的遗传机制将为进一步推进水稻、其他作物及其野生近缘种的育种提供理论基础。
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引用次数: 6
Genomic traces of Japanese malting barley breeding in two modern high-quality cultivars, ‘Sukai Golden’ and ‘Sachiho Golden’ 两个现代优质品种“Sukai Golden”和“Sachiho Golden”选育日本麦芽的基因组痕迹
4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23031
Shin Taketa, June-Sik Kim, Hidekazu Takahashi, Shunsuke Yajima, Yuichi Koshiishi, Toshinori Sotome, Tsuneo Kato, Keiichi Mochida
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引用次数: 0
Cover 封面
4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.73-4cover
Job’s tears growing in a field (background). Job’s tears flowers have protruding stamens and pistils (bottom of right). This indicates that they can easily cross-pollinate between cultivars (middle of right) and wild types (top of right). The wild type has several traits that make it undesirable for medicinal use, such as a hard seed coat and non-glutinous endosperm. Therefore, when growing Job’s tears, it is important to avoid crossing with wild species (This issue, p. 408–414).
约伯的眼泪在田野里生长(背景)。约伯泪花有突出的雄蕊和雌蕊(右下)。这表明它们可以很容易地在栽培品种(右中)和野生型(右上)之间进行异花授粉。野生型有几个特点,使其不适合药用,如坚硬的种皮和无粘性的胚乳。因此,在种植约伯泪时,避免与野生物种杂交是很重要的(本期,第408-414页)。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of stable QTLs for vascular bundle number at the panicle neck in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) 水稻穗部维管束数量稳定qtl的鉴定与表征(&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt)l .)
4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23013
Ha Thi Le Nguyen, Shizuka Suetsugu, Yuna Nakamura, Zita Demeter, Shao-Hui Zheng, Daisuke Fujita
A large vascular bundle number (VBN) in the panicle neck in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is related to the ability to transport assimilates from stem and leaf to reproductive organs during seed maturation. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for VBN have been identified by using segregating populations derived from a cross be‍tween indica and japonica rice cultivars. However, the detailed location, effect, and interaction of QTLs for VBN were not understood well. Here, to elucidate the genetic basis of VBN, we identified three stable QTLs for VBN—qVBN5, qVBN6 and qVBN11—by using 71 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between indica ‘IR24’ and japonica ‘Asominori’. We confirmed their positions and characterized their effects by using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with an ‘IR24’ genetic background. qVBN6 had the most substantial effect on VBN, followed by qVBN11 and qVBN5. We developed pyramided lines carrying two QTLs for VBN to estimate their interaction. The combination of qVBN6 and qVBN11 accumulated VBN negatively in the pyramided lines owing to the independent actions of each QTL. The QTLs detected for VBN will enhance our understanding of genetic mechanisms of VBN and can be used in rice breeding.
水稻穗颈维管束数量的增加与种子成熟过程中茎叶向生殖器官运输同化物的能力有关。利用籼稻和粳稻杂交组合‍获得的分离群体,鉴定了多个VBN数量性状位点(qtl)。然而,qtl在VBN中的具体位置、作用和相互作用尚不清楚。为了阐明VBN的遗传基础,我们利用籼稻“IR24”与粳稻“Asominori”杂交的71个重组自交系,鉴定出了VBN的3个稳定qtl——qvbn5、qVBN6和qvbn11。我们利用具有IR24遗传背景的染色体片段代换系(CSSLs)确定了它们的位置,并对它们的作用进行了表征。qVBN6对VBN的影响最大,其次是qVBN11和qVBN5。我们开发了携带两个qtl的金字塔线用于VBN,以估计它们的相互作用。qVBN6和qVBN11的组合由于各自QTL的独立作用而负向积累VBN。检测到的VBN qtl将有助于加深对VBN遗传机制的认识,并可用于水稻育种。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Breeding Science
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