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A unique genetic variation with respect to blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Vietnam. 越南水稻品种抗稻瘟病(pyricaria oryzae Cavara)的独特遗传变异
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22073
Ngoc B Nguyen, Nguyet T M Nguyen, Nhai T Nguyen, Linh H Le, Nghia T La, Thuy T T Nguyen, Mary Jeany Yanoria, Nagao Hayashi, Hiroki Saito, Mitsuhiro Obara, Tadashi Sato, Yoshimichi Fukuta

A unique genetic variation with respect to blast resistance was clarified in 201 rice accessions from Vietnam. These accessions were classified into three clusters-A, B1, and B2-based on their reactions to 26 standard differential blast isolates selected in Vietnam. Cluster A was the dominant cultivar group in Vietnam and the most susceptible of the three clusters. Cluster B1 was the smallest group and the most resistant. Cluster B2 was the second-most dominant group and of intermediate resistance between clusters A and B1. The percentages of accessions comprising each cluster varied by region and area. Accessions in cluster A were distributed widely throughout Vietnam and had the highest frequencies in both the Central and North regions. Accessions in cluster B2 were found with highest frequencies in the mountainous and intermediate areas of the North region. Accessions in cluster B1 were found with highest frequencies in the Central region and Red River Delta area (North region). These results suggest that rice accessions in Vietnam were basically susceptible (cluster A) or of intermediate resistance (cluster B2), and that high-resistance cultivars were mainly distributed in the low altitude areas, such as the Red River Delta area and Central region.

在越南201个水稻品种中发现了一种独特的稻瘟病抗性遗传变异。根据它们对从越南挑选的26种标准差别爆炸分离株的反应,将这些菌株分为a、B1和b2三组。集群A是越南的优势品种群,也是三个集群中最敏感的品种群。簇B1是最小的群体,也是最耐药的群体。B2群为第二优势群,抗性介于A和B1群之间。组成每个群集的加入物的百分比因地区和地区而异。聚类A的物种在越南各地广泛分布,在中部和北部地区的频率最高。B2类植物在北部山区和中部地区的分布频率最高。B1类植物以中部地区和红河三角洲(北部)地区的频率最高。结果表明,越南水稻品种基本敏感(A类)或中等抗性(B2类),高抗性品种主要分布在低海拔地区,如红河三角洲地区和中部地区。
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引用次数: 0
De novo genome assembly of the partial homozygous dihaploid potato identified PVY resistance gene (Rychc) derived from Solanum chacoense. 对部分纯合子二单倍体马铃薯进行基因组组装,鉴定出来自沙香茄的PVY抗性基因(Rychc)。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22078
Kotaro Akai, Kenji Asano, Chika Suzuki, Etsuo Shimosaka, Seiji Tamiya, Takako Suzuki, Toru Takeuchi, Takehiro Ohki

The isolation of disease resistance genes introduced from wild or related cultivated species is essential for understanding their mechanisms, spectrum and risk of breakdown. To identify target genes not included in reference genomes, genomic sequences with the target locus must be reconstructed. However, de novo assembly approaches of the entire genome, such as those used for constructing reference genomes, are complicated in higher plants. Moreover, in the autotetraploid potato, the heterozygous regions and repetitive structures located around disease resistance gene clusters fragment the genomes into short contigs, making it challenging to identify resistance genes. In this study, we report that a de novo assembly approach of a target gene-specific homozygous dihaploid developed through haploid induction was suitable for gene isolation in potatoes using the potato virus Y resistance gene Rychc as a model. The assembled contig containing Rychc-linked markers was 3.3 Mb in length and could be joined with gene location information from the fine mapping analysis. Rychc was successfully identified in a repeated island located on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 9 as a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide-binding site-leucine rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) type resistance gene. This approach will be practical for other gene isolation projects in potatoes.

从野生或相关栽培物种引入的抗病基因的分离对于了解其机制、谱和破坏风险至关重要。为了鉴定未包含在参考基因组中的靶基因,必须重建含有靶位点的基因组序列。然而,整个基因组的从头组装方法,如用于构建参考基因组的方法,在高等植物中是复杂的。此外,在同源四倍体马铃薯中,位于抗病基因簇周围的杂合区和重复结构将基因组分割成短contigs,这使得鉴定抗病基因具有挑战性。在这项研究中,我们报告了一种通过单倍体诱导获得的目标基因特异性纯合子二倍体的从头组装方法,适用于马铃薯病毒Y抗性基因Rychc作为模型的基因分离。组装的rychc连锁标记组长3.3 Mb,可以与精细定位分析的基因定位信息连接。Rychc在位于9号染色体长臂末端的重复岛中被成功鉴定为Toll/白细胞介素-1受体-核苷酸结合位点-亮氨酸富重复(TIR-NBS-LRR)型抗性基因。该方法对其他马铃薯基因分离项目具有实用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Designing rice panicle architecture via developmental regulatory genes. 利用发育调控基因设计水稻穗部结构。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22075
Ayumi Agata, Motoyuki Ashikari, Yutaka Sato, Hidemi Kitano, Tokunori Hobo

Rice panicle architecture displays remarkable diversity in branch number, branch length, and grain arrangement; however, much remains unknown about how such diversity in patterns is generated. Although several genes related to panicle branch number and panicle length have been identified, how panicle branch number and panicle length are coordinately regulated is unclear. Here, we show that panicle length and panicle branch number are independently regulated by the genes Prl5/OsGA20ox4, Pbl6/APO1, and Gn1a/OsCKX2. We produced near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the Koshihikari genetic background harboring the elite alleles for Prl5, regulating panicle rachis length; Pbl6, regulating primary branch length; and Gn1a, regulating panicle branching in various combinations. A pyramiding line carrying Prl5, Pbl6, and Gn1a showed increased panicle length and branching without any trade-off relationship between branch length or number. We successfully produced various arrangement patterns of grains by changing the combination of alleles at these three loci. Improvement of panicle architecture raised yield without associated negative effects on yield-related traits except for panicle number. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses by X-ray computed tomography (CT) of panicles revealed that differences in panicle architecture affect grain filling. Importantly, we determined that Prl5 improves grain filling without affecting grain number.

水稻穗部结构在分枝数、分枝长度和籽粒排列上表现出显著的多样性;然而,对于这种模式的多样性是如何产生的,人们仍然知之甚少。虽然已经鉴定出几个与穗支数和穗长有关的基因,但穗支数和穗长是如何协调调控的尚不清楚。本研究表明,穗长和穗支数分别由pr15 /OsGA20ox4、Pbl6/APO1和Gn1a/OsCKX2基因独立调控。我们在Koshihikari遗传背景下获得了含有pr15精英等位基因的近等基因系(NILs),调控穗轴长度;Pbl6,调节一次支路长度;和Gn1a,调节不同组合的穗枝分枝。携带pr15、Pbl6和Gn1a的锥形系的穗长和分枝增加,但分枝长度和分枝数之间没有权衡关系。我们通过改变这三个位点的等位基因组合,成功地产生了不同的籽粒排列模式。除穗数外,改良穗型对产量相关性状无负相关影响。利用x射线计算机断层扫描(CT)对籽粒进行三维(3D)分析,发现籽粒结构的差异影响籽粒灌浆。重要的是,我们确定Prl5在不影响粒数的情况下改善了籽粒灌浆。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic control of morphological traits useful for improving sorghum. 高粱改良形态性状的遗传控制。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22069
Hideki Takanashi

Global climate change and global warming, coupled with the growing population, have raised concerns about sustainable food supply and bioenergy demand. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ranks fifth among cereals produced worldwide; it is a C4 crop with a higher stress tolerance than other major cereals and has a wide range of uses, such as grains, forage, and biomass. Therefore, sorghum has attracted attention as a promising crop for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In addition, sorghum is a suitable genetic model for C4 grasses because of its high morphological diversity and relatively small genome size compared to other C4 grasses. Although sorghum breeding and genetic studies have lagged compared to other crops such as rice and maize, recent advances in research have identified several genes and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control important agronomic traits in sorghum. This review outlines traits and genetic information with a focus on morphogenetic aspects that may be useful in sorghum breeding for grain and biomass utilization.

全球气候变化和全球变暖,加上人口增长,引发了人们对可持续粮食供应和生物能源需求的担忧。高粱[双色高粱]在世界谷物产量中排名第五;它是一种C4作物,比其他主要谷物具有更高的抗逆性,具有广泛的用途,如谷物,饲料和生物质。因此,高粱作为实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)的一种有前景的作物而备受关注。此外,与其他C4禾本科植物相比,高粱具有较高的形态多样性和相对较小的基因组大小,是C4禾本科植物适宜的遗传模型。尽管与水稻和玉米等其他作物相比,高粱的育种和遗传研究滞后,但最近的研究进展已经确定了高粱中控制重要农艺性状的几个基因和许多数量性状位点(qtl)。本文综述了高粱的性状和遗传信息,重点介绍了形态发生方面的信息,这些信息可能对高粱的粮食和生物质利用育种有用。
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引用次数: 5
Understanding plant development for plant breeding. 了解植物发育,促进植物育种。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.73.1
Jun-Ichi Itoh, Yutaka Sato
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引用次数: 0
Form follows function in Triticeae inflorescences. 在小麦科花序中,形式服从功能。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22085
Shun Sakuma, Ravi Koppolu

Grass inflorescences produce grains, which are directly connected to our food. In grass crops, yields are mainly affected by grain number and weight; thus, understanding inflorescence shape is crucially important for cereal crop breeding. In the last two decades, several key genes controlling inflorescence shape have been elucidated, thanks to the availability of rich genetic resources and powerful genomics tools. In this review, we focus on the inflorescence architecture of Triticeae species, including the major cereal crops wheat and barley. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of spike branching, and spikelet and floret development in the Triticeae. Considering our changing climate and its impacts on cereal crop yields, we also discuss the future orientation of research.

草的花序产生谷物,这些谷物与我们的食物直接相关。在禾草作物中,产量主要受粒数和重量的影响;因此,了解花序形状对谷类作物育种至关重要。在过去的二十年中,由于丰富的遗传资源和强大的基因组学工具的可用性,一些控制花序形状的关键基因已经被阐明。本文综述了小麦科植物的花序结构,包括主要的谷类作物小麦和大麦。本文综述了小麦科植物穗分枝的遗传基础以及小穗和小花发育的最新进展。考虑到气候变化及其对谷类作物产量的影响,我们还讨论了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
Diversity of tomato leaf form provides novel insights into breeding. 番茄叶片形态的多样性为育种提供了新的见解。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22061
Hokuto Nakayama, Yasunori Ichihashi, Seisuke Kimura

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.

番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)在全球广泛种植。由于其漫长的育种历史,该作物表现出巨大的形态变异。除了商业番茄品种外,野生品种和传家宝也在世界某些地区种植。由于水果构成了可食用的部分,许多农学研究都集中在它上面。然而,近年来的研究表明,叶片形态影响果实品质。由于叶片是专门的光合器官,并通过维管系统将光合产物运送到下沉器官,因此叶片的结构特性对最终果实的品质有很大影响。因此,需要对番茄果实和叶片形态进行综合研究,以进一步进行番茄育种。本文综述了番茄叶片发育的基本知识、形态多样性及其分子机制,并强调了其在育种中的重要性。最后,我们讨论了如何将这些发现和知识应用于未来的番茄育种。
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引用次数: 3
Root nodule organogenesis: a unique lateral organogenesis in legumes. 根瘤器官发生:豆科植物中一种独特的侧边器官发生。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22067
Takuya Suzaki

During the course of plant evolution, leguminous and a few plants species have established root nodule symbiosis (RNS), one of the nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategies based on mutual interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In addition to its useful agronomic trait, RNS comprises a unique form of plant lateral organogenesis; dedifferentiation and activation of cortical cells in the root are induced upon bacterial infection during nodule development. In the past few years, the elucidations of the significance of NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor as a potentially key innovative factor of RNS, the details of its function, and the successive discoveries of its target genes have advanced our understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis. In addition, a recent elucidation of the role of legume SHORTROOT-SCARECROW module has provided the insights into the unique properties of legume cortical cells. Here, I summarize such latest findings on the neofunctionalized key players of nodule organogenesis, which may provide clue to understand an evolutionary basis of RNS.

在植物进化过程中,豆科植物和少数植物物种建立了根结共生(root nodule symbiosis, RNS),这是植物与固氮细菌相互作用的氮养分获取策略之一。除了其有用的农艺性状外,RNS还包括一种独特的植物侧枝器官发生形式;根瘤发育过程中,细菌感染可诱导根部皮层细胞的去分化和活化。近年来,对NODULE INCEPTION转录因子作为RNS潜在关键创新因子意义的阐明、其功能的细节以及其靶基因的陆续发现,促进了我们对结节器官发生的分子机制的理解。此外,最近对豆科植物shortroot -稻草人模块的作用的阐明,为豆科植物皮质细胞的独特特性提供了见解。在此,我总结了这些关于结节器官发生的新功能关键参与者的最新发现,这可能为理解RNS的进化基础提供线索。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. 水稻株型的遗传基础及其育种改良。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088
Wakana Tanaka, Takaki Yamauchi, Katsutoshi Tsuda

The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.

茎和根系结构是作物生产力的基础。在人工选择驯化和后驯化育种的历史中,水稻的结构与野生祖先相比发生了重大变化,以满足农业的需要。本文综述了水稻发育生物学的最新研究进展,重点介绍了水稻植株结构的决定因素;芽分生组织,叶,分蘖,茎,花序和根。我们还强调了影响这些结构的自然变异,并在品种中加以利用。重要的是,从发育突变体中鉴定出的许多核心调节因子作为弱等位基因在育种中被用作适度影响这些结构的弱等位基因。随着功能基因组学和基因组编辑的兴起,本文所讨论的水稻植株结构的遗传机制将为进一步推进水稻、其他作物及其野生近缘种的育种提供理论基础。
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引用次数: 6
Genomic traces of Japanese malting barley breeding in two modern high-quality cultivars, ‘Sukai Golden’ and ‘Sachiho Golden’ 两个现代优质品种“Sukai Golden”和“Sachiho Golden”选育日本麦芽的基因组痕迹
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23031
Shin Taketa, June-Sik Kim, Hidekazu Takahashi, Shunsuke Yajima, Yuichi Koshiishi, Toshinori Sotome, Tsuneo Kato, Keiichi Mochida
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引用次数: 0
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Breeding Science
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