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Exploring the landscape of public attitudes towards gene-edited foods in Japan. 探索日本公众对基因编辑食品的态度。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23047
Tomiko Yamaguchi, Kazune Ezaki, Kyoko Ito

The success or failure of food technologies in society depends to a large extent on the public interest, concerns, images, and expectations surrounding them. This paper delves into the landscape of public attitudes towards gene-edited foods in Japan, exploring the reasons behind the acceptance or rejection of these products. A literature review and preliminary findings from a survey conducted in Japan in 2022, aim to identify key issues crucial for evaluating societal acceptance of gene-edited foods. The study showed that the public view gene-edited foods as somewhat unnatural, but upon closer examination, significant variation in attitudes was observed among respondents. Some respondents expressed a favorable perception towards gene-edited foods, particularly those that benefit consumers, while others expressed concerns about its perceived artificiality. Moreover, a significant number of respondents displayed indifference or lack of clear perspective regarding gene-edited foods. These findings reflect the complex relationship between public attitudes, naturalness, and social acceptance of gene-edited foods. Furthermore, the study indicates the importance of paying close attention to those who refrain from expressing their viewpoints in the survey. This nuanced landscape warrants further exploration.

食品技术在社会中的成败在很大程度上取决于公众对其的兴趣、关注、形象和期望。本文深入探讨了日本公众对基因编辑食品的态度,探讨了这些产品被接受或被拒绝背后的原因。文献综述和 2022 年在日本进行的一项调查的初步结果,旨在确定评估社会对基因编辑食品接受程度的关键问题。研究表明,公众认为基因编辑食品有些不自然,但仔细研究后发现,受访者之间的态度存在显著差异。一些受访者对基因编辑食品,尤其是对那些有益于消费者的食品表示好感,而另一些受访者则对其被认为的人工性表示担忧。此外,还有相当多的受访者对基因编辑食品表现出漠不关心或缺乏明确的观点。这些发现反映了公众对基因编辑食品的态度、天然性和社会接受度之间的复杂关系。此外,这项研究还表明,必须密切关注那些在调查中不表达观点的人。这种微妙的情况值得进一步探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Global regulatory trends of genome editing technology in agriculture and food. 农业和食品基因组编辑技术的全球监管趋势。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23046
Masashi Tachikawa, Makiko Matsuo

There is a need to introduce new regulations regarding genome editing technology and its application to agriculture and food. Regulations are different among countries and sometimes inconsistent. Here, we summarize the current regulations regarding the use of genome editing technology in agriculture and food in various countries around the world. We also discuss the main regulatory developments expected to occur in the future.

有必要就基因组编辑技术及其在农业和食品领域的应用制定新的法规。各国的法规不尽相同,有时甚至不一致。在此,我们总结了目前世界各国在农业和食品领域使用基因组编辑技术的相关法规。我们还讨论了预计未来会出现的主要法规发展。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerating the development of genome-edited crops and the establishment of utilization infrastructure. 加快基因组编辑作物的开发和利用基础设施的建立。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.74.1
Hiroshi Ezura
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引用次数: 0
Scarless genome editing technology and its application to crop improvement. 无痕基因组编辑技术及其在作物改良中的应用。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23045
Kazuya Ikeda

The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 has had a disruptive impact on the world by bringing about dramatic progress and rapid penetration of genome editing technology. However, even though gene disruption can be easily achieved, there has been a challenge in freely changing the sequence. To solve this problem, various novel technologies have emerged in recent years to realize free rewriting of genome sequences. In this review, scarless editing by two-step HDR, a technology that can freely rewrite genomes from a single nucleotide to more than several thousand nucleotides, will be introduced.

CRISPR/Cas9 的出现给世界带来了颠覆性的影响,使基因组编辑技术取得了巨大进步并迅速普及。然而,尽管基因破坏可以轻松实现,但自由改变序列却一直是个难题。为了解决这个问题,近年来出现了各种新型技术来实现基因组序列的自由改写。本综述将介绍通过两步 HDR 技术进行的无疤痕编辑,这种技术可以自由改写从单核苷酸到数千核苷酸以上的基因组。
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引用次数: 0
Genome editing of DWARF and SELF-PRUNING rapidly confers traits suitable for plant factories while retaining useful traits in tomato. DWARF 和 SELF-PRUNING 的基因组编辑可快速赋予番茄适合植物工厂的性状,同时保留番茄的有用性状。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23063
Ai Nagamine, Hiroshi Ezura

Plant factories with artificial light are less affected than open-air areas to environmental factors in crop cultivation and are attracting attention as one of the solutions to the world's food problems. However, the cost of cultivation in plant factories is higher than open-air cultivation, and currently, profitable factory-grown crop varieties are limited to those that are small or have a short growing period. Tomatoes are one of the main crops consumed around the world, but due to their large plant height and width, they are not yet suitable for mass production in plant factories. In this study, the DWARF (D) and SELF-PRUNING (SP) genes of the GABA hyperaccumulating tomato variety #87-17 were genome-edited by the CRISPR-Cas9 method to produce dwarf tomato plants. The desired traits were obtained in the T1 genome-edited generation, and the fruit traits were almost the same as those of the original variety. On the other hand, the F2 cross between #87-17 and Micro-Tom containing the d and sp mutations was dwarfed, but the fruit phenotype was a mixture of the traits of the two varieties. This indicates that genome editing of these two genes using CRISPR-Cas9 can efficiently impart traits suitable for plant factory cultivation while retaining the useful traits of the original cultivar.

在作物栽培过程中,人工光照植物工厂受环境因素的影响比露天地区小,作为解决世界粮食问题的方法之一备受关注。然而,植物工厂的种植成本高于露天种植,而且目前工厂种植的农作物品种仅限于小型或生长期较短的品种,利润较低。西红柿是全球消费的主要农作物之一,但由于其植株高度和宽度较大,尚不适合在植物工厂进行大规模生产。本研究通过 CRISPR-Cas9 方法对 GABA 高积累番茄品种 #87-17 的 DWARF(D)和 SELF-PRUNING (SP)基因进行基因组编辑,以培育矮小番茄植株。T1 基因组编辑世代获得了所需的性状,果实性状与原品种基本相同。另一方面,#87-17 与含有 d 和 sp 突变的 Micro-Tom 杂交的 F2 植株出现矮化,但果实表型混合了两个品种的性状。这表明,利用 CRISPR-Cas9 对这两个基因进行基因组编辑,可以有效地赋予适合工厂化栽培的性状,同时保留原栽培品种的有用性状。
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引用次数: 0
Cas12a and MAD7, genome editing tools for breeding. 用于育种的基因组编辑工具 Cas12a 和 MAD7。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23049
Shunya Hozumi, Yi-Chen Chen, Tatsuya Takemoto, Shun Sawatsubashi

Food shortages due to population growth and climate change are expected to occur in the near future as a problem that urgently requires solutions. Conventional breeding techniques, notably crossbreeding and mutation breeding, are known for being inefficient and time-consuming in obtaining seeds and seedlings with desired traits. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel methods for efficient plant breeding. Breeding by genome editing is receiving substantial attention because it can efficiently modify the target gene to obtain desired traits compared with conventional methods. Among the programmable sequence-specific nucleases that have been developed for genome editing, CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-MAD7 nucleases are becoming more broadly adopted for the application of genome editing in grains, vegetables and fruits. Additionally, ST8, an improved variant of MAD7, has been developed to enhance genome editing efficiency and has potential for application to breeding of crops.

预计在不久的将来,人口增长和气候变化将导致粮食短缺,这是一个迫切需要解决的问题。众所周知,传统育种技术,特别是杂交育种和突变育种,在获得具有所需性状的种子和幼苗方面效率低下且耗时较长。因此,迫切需要新方法来实现高效的植物育种。与传统方法相比,基因组编辑育种能有效地改变目标基因,从而获得理想的性状,因此受到广泛关注。在已开发出的用于基因组编辑的可编程序列特异性核酸酶中,CRISPR-Cas12a 和 CRISPR-MAD7 核酸酶在谷物、蔬菜和水果中的基因组编辑应用越来越广泛。此外,为了提高基因组编辑效率,还开发了 ST8(MAD7 的改良变体),有望应用于作物育种。
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引用次数: 0
Low asparagine wheat: Europe's first field trial of genome edited wheat amid rapidly changing regulations on acrylamide in food and genome editing of crops. 低天门冬酰胺小麦:在有关食品中丙烯酰胺和作物基因组编辑的法规快速变化的背景下,欧洲首次对基因组编辑小麦进行田间试验。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23058
Navneet Kaur, Natasha Brock, Sarah Raffan, Nigel G Halford

We review the undertaking of a field trial of low asparagine wheat lines in which the asparagine synthetase gene, TaASN2, has been knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9. The field trial was undertaken in 2021-2022 and represented the first field release of genome edited wheat in Europe. The year of the field trial and the period since have seen rapid changes in the regulations covering both the field release and commercialisation of genome edited crops in the UK. These historic developments are reviewed in detail. Free asparagine is the precursor for acrylamide formation during high-temperature cooking and processing of grains, tubers, storage roots, beans and other crop products. Consequently, work on reducing the free asparagine concentration of wheat and other cereal grains, as well as the tubers, beans and storage roots of other crops, is driven by the need for food businesses to comply with current and potential future regulations on acrylamide content of foods. The topic illustrates how strategic and applied crop research is driven by regulations and also needs a supportive regulatory environment in which to thrive.

我们回顾了利用 CRISPR/Cas9 基因敲除天门冬酰胺合成酶基因 TaASN2 的低天门冬酰胺小麦品系的田间试验。田间试验于 2021-2022 年进行,是基因组编辑小麦在欧洲的首次田间发布。在田间试验当年及此后的一段时间里,英国有关基因组编辑作物的田间发布和商业化的法规发生了迅速变化。本文对这些历史性发展进行了详细回顾。游离天冬酰胺是谷物、块茎、贮藏根茎、豆类和其他作物产品在高温烹饪和加工过程中形成丙烯酰胺的前体。因此,降低小麦和其他谷物以及其他作物的块茎、豆类和贮藏根中游离天门冬酰胺浓度的工作,是由食品企业遵守当前和未来可能出台的食品丙烯酰胺含量法规的需要所驱动的。该主题说明了战略性和应用性作物研究如何受到法规的驱动,同时也需要一个支持性的法规环境才能蓬勃发展。
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引用次数: 0
Possibility of genome editing for melon breeding. 基因组编辑用于甜瓜育种的可能性。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23074
Satoko Nonaka, Hiroshi Ezura

Genome editing technologies are promising for conventional mutagenesis breeding, which takes a long time to remove unnecessary mutations through backcrossing and create new lines because they directly modify the target genes of elite strains. In particular, this technology has advantages for traits caused by the loss of function. Many efforts have been made to utilize this technique to introduce valuable features into crops, including maize, soybeans, and tomatoes. Several genome-edited crops have already been commercialized in the US and Japan. Melons are an important vegetable crop worldwide, produced and used in various areas. Therefore, many breeding efforts have been made to improve its fruit quality, resistance to plant diseases, and stress tolerance. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed, and various genes related to important traits were identified. Recently, several studies have shown that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be applied to melons, resulting in its possible utilization as a breeding technique. Focusing on two productivity-related traits, disease resistance, and fruit quality, this review introduces the progress in genetics, examples of melon breeding through genome editing, improvements required for breeding applications, and the possibilities of genome editing in melon breeding.

传统的诱变育种需要很长时间才能通过回交去除不必要的突变并培育出新品系,而基因组编辑技术则可以直接修改优良品系的目标基因,因此前景广阔。特别是,这项技术对于功能缺失导致的性状具有优势。人们已做出许多努力,利用这一技术为玉米、大豆和番茄等作物引入有价值的特征。在美国和日本,已经有几种基因组编辑作物实现了商业化。甜瓜是世界上重要的蔬菜作物,在不同地区生产和使用。因此,许多育种工作都致力于提高其果实品质、植物抗病性和抗逆性。对其进行了数量性状位点(QTL)分析,并确定了与重要性状相关的各种基因。最近的一些研究表明,CRISPR/Cas9 系统可应用于甜瓜,从而使其成为一种可能的育种技术。本综述以抗病性和果实品质这两个与生产力相关的性状为重点,介绍了遗传学的进展、通过基因组编辑进行甜瓜育种的实例、育种应用所需的改进以及基因组编辑在甜瓜育种中的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of pollen dispersal distance in Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) by using red leaf sheath as a morphological marker. 以红色叶鞘为形态标记估算薏米花粉传播距离
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23016
Katsuhiro Matsui, Takayuki Tamura, Keito Nishizawa, Akiko Ohara-Takada

Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is grown widely in Asian countries and a crop that can fertilize with own pollen and pistils. The grains are used not only for food but also for medicinal purposes. The grain of many cultivars contains glutinous endosperm; only grains with this glutinous endosperm are suitable for use as medicine in Japan. Many wild types have non-glutinous endosperm and can easily cross with cultivar under natural environmental conditions. Because the non-glutinous endosperm trait is dominant to that of glutinous endosperm, F1 seeds produced by crosses between a cultivar and a wild type have non-glutinous endosperm. To reduce the rate of unwanted crosses, we investigated the pollen dispersal distance by using a red leaf sheath as a morphological marker. When plants were cultivated in rows 70 cm apart, the crossing rate was about 25%-35%. As the distance increased, the crossing rate decreased at a rate that could be fitted to a power approximation in fields without intervening plants and to an exponential equation in fields with intervening plants. Our data could be used as guidelines for preventing unwanted crossing with wild types when growing cultivars.

薏米(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)在亚洲国家广泛种植,是一种可以用自己的花粉和雌蕊受精的作物。薏米不仅可以食用,还可以药用。许多栽培品种的谷粒含有糯性胚乳;在日本,只有含有这种糯性胚乳的谷粒才适合用作药物。许多野生类型的胚乳是非糯性的,在自然环境条件下很容易与栽培品种杂交。由于非糯性胚乳的性状对糯性胚乳的性状是显性的,因此栽培品种和野生型杂交产生的 F1 种子都是非糯性胚乳。为了减少不必要的杂交,我们使用红色叶鞘作为形态标记来研究花粉的传播距离。当栽培植物的行距为 70 厘米时,杂交率约为 25%-35%。随着距离的增加,杂交率下降的速度在没有间作植株的田块中可以用幂近似法拟合,而在有间作植株的田块中则可以用指数方程拟合。我们的数据可作为种植栽培品种时防止与野生型杂交的指导原则。
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引用次数: 0
Development and characterization of near-isogenic lines for brown planthopper resistance genes in the genetic background of japonica rice 'Sagabiyori'. 在粳稻 "Sagabiyori "的遗传背景中开发抗褐飞虱基因的近等基因系并确定其特征。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23017
Saw Bo Day Shar, Cuong Dinh Nguyen, Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura, Hideshi Yasui, Shao-Hui Zheng, Daisuke Fujita

The brown planthopper (BPH: Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the most destructive insects in rice production. The use of host plant resistance has potential to reduce damage caused by BPH. The heat tolerance japonica rice 'Sagabiyori', with superior grain quality and high soluble starch in the stem, is highly susceptible to damage by BPH. Here, to enhance its BPH resistance, we developed seven near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying BPH2, BPH17-ptb, BPH32, BPH3, BPH17, BPH20, and BPH21 through marker-assisted selection and evaluated resistance to two BPH populations. Most lines were more resistant to the Hadano-1966 BPH population than Sagabiyori but were less effective against the highly virulent Koshi-2013 population. Nevertheless, in antixenosis tests, Koshi-2013 settled less on all NILs than on Sagabiyori. In addition, adult mortality and the percentage of fresh weight loss of lines carrying BPH17 and BPH3 indicated that these lines have higher resistance to Koshi-2013 than Sagabiyori. Current study revealed that BPH resistance of Sagabiyori became stronger by transferring BPH3 and BPH17 genes. Thus, BPH3 and BPH17 might be valuable for breeding programs to enhance BPH resistance of high grain quality rice varieties with heat tolerance.

褐飞虱(BPH:Nilaparvata lugens Stål)是水稻生产中最具破坏性的昆虫之一。利用寄主植物的抗性有可能减少褐飞虱的危害。耐热性粳稻'Sagabiyori'的谷粒质量上乘,茎秆中可溶性淀粉含量高,但极易受到 BPH 的危害。在此,为了增强其对 BPH 的抗性,我们通过标记辅助选择技术培育了 7 个携带 BPH2、BPH17-ptb、BPH32、BPH3、BPH17、BPH20 和 BPH21 的近等基因系(NIL),并评估了其对两个 BPH 群体的抗性。大多数品系对 Hadano-1966 BPH 群体的抗性强于 Sagabiyori,但对高致病性的 Koshi-2013 群体的抗性较弱。尽管如此,在抗赤霉病试验中,Koshi-2013 在所有 NIL 上的定居率都低于 Sagabiyori。此外,携带 BPH17 和 BPH3 的品系的成虫死亡率和鲜重损失百分比表明,这些品系对 Koshi-2013 的抗性高于 Sagabiyori。目前的研究表明,转入 BPH3 和 BPH17 基因后,Sagabiyori 的抗 BPH 能力更强。因此,BPH3 和 BPH17 可能对育种计划很有价值,可用于提高具有耐热性的优质水稻品种对 BPH 的抗性。
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引用次数: 0
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Breeding Science
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