Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is widely used to control pollination in the production of commercial F1 hybrid seed in sorghum. So far, 6 major fertility restorer genes, Rf1 to Rf6, have been reported in sorghum. Here, we fine-mapped the Rf5 locus on sorghum chromosome 5 using descendant populations of a 'Nakei MS-3A' × 'JN43' cross. The Rf5 locus was narrowed to a 140-kb region in BTx623 genome (161-kb in JN43) with 16 predicted genes, including 6 homologous to the rice fertility restorer Rf1 (PPR.1 to PPR.6). These 6 homologs have tandem pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. Many Rf genes encode PPR proteins, which bind RNA transcripts and modulate gene expression at the RNA level. No PPR genes were detected at the Rf5 locus on the corresponding homologous chromosome of rice, foxtail millet, or maize, so this gene cluster may have originated by chromosome translocation and duplication after the divergence of sorghum from these species. Comparison of the sequences of these genes between fertile and CMS lines identified PPR.4 as the most plausible candidate gene for Rf5.
{"title":"Fine mapping of <i>Rf5</i> region for a sorghum fertility restorer gene and microsynteny analysis across grass species.","authors":"Atsushi Kiyosawa, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru, Hiroshi Mizuno, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Jianzhong Wu, Hiroyuki Kawahigashi, Kazumi Goto","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is widely used to control pollination in the production of commercial F<sub>1</sub> hybrid seed in sorghum. So far, 6 major fertility restorer genes, <i>Rf1</i> to <i>Rf6</i>, have been reported in sorghum. Here, we fine-mapped the <i>Rf5</i> locus on sorghum chromosome 5 using descendant populations of a 'Nakei MS-3A' × 'JN43' cross. The <i>Rf5</i> locus was narrowed to a 140-kb region in BTx623 genome (161-kb in JN43) with 16 predicted genes, including 6 homologous to the rice fertility restorer <i>Rf1</i> (PPR.1 to PPR.6). These 6 homologs have tandem pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. Many <i>Rf</i> genes encode PPR proteins, which bind RNA transcripts and modulate gene expression at the RNA level. No PPR genes were detected at the <i>Rf5</i> locus on the corresponding homologous chromosome of rice, foxtail millet, or maize, so this gene cluster may have originated by chromosome translocation and duplication after the divergence of sorghum from these species. Comparison of the sequences of these genes between fertile and CMS lines identified PPR.4 as the most plausible candidate gene for <i>Rf5</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01Epub Date: 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21076
Xiaofang Wang, Ruilian Song, Yue An, Haiyi Pei, Song Gao, Daokun Sun, Xifeng Ren
Wheat landraces have abundant genetic variation at the Glu-1 loci, which is desirable germplasms for genetic enhancement of modern wheat varieties, especially for quality improvement. In the current study, we analyzed the allelic variations of the Glu-1 loci of 597 landraces and 926 commercial wheat varieties from the four major wheat-growing regions in China using SDS-PAGE. As results, alleles Null, 7+8, and 2+12 were the dominant HMW-GSs in wheat landraces. Compared to landraces, the commercial varieties contain higher frequencies of high-quality alleles, including 1, 7+9, 14+15 and 5+10. The genetic diversity of the four commercial wheat populations (alleles per locus (A) = 7.33, percent polymorphic loci (P) = 1.00, effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) = 2.347 and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.563) was significantly higher than that of the landraces population, with the highest genetic diversity found in the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region population. The genetic diversity of HMW-GS is mainly present within the landraces and commercial wheat populations instead of between populations. The landraces were rich in rare subunits or alleles may provide germplasm resources for improving the quality of modern wheat.
{"title":"Allelic variation and genetic diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in Chinese wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) landraces and commercial cultivars.","authors":"Xiaofang Wang, Ruilian Song, Yue An, Haiyi Pei, Song Gao, Daokun Sun, Xifeng Ren","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat landraces have abundant genetic variation at the <i>Glu-1</i> loci, which is desirable germplasms for genetic enhancement of modern wheat varieties, especially for quality improvement. In the current study, we analyzed the allelic variations of the <i>Glu-1</i> loci of 597 landraces and 926 commercial wheat varieties from the four major wheat-growing regions in China using SDS-PAGE. As results, alleles Null, 7+8, and 2+12 were the dominant HMW-GSs in wheat landraces. Compared to landraces, the commercial varieties contain higher frequencies of high-quality alleles, including 1, 7+9, 14+15 and 5+10. The genetic diversity of the four commercial wheat populations (alleles per locus (A) = 7.33, percent polymorphic loci (P) = 1.00, effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) = 2.347 and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.563) was significantly higher than that of the landraces population, with the highest genetic diversity found in the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region population. The genetic diversity of HMW-GS is mainly present within the landraces and commercial wheat populations instead of between populations. The landraces were rich in rare subunits or alleles may provide germplasm resources for improving the quality of modern wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant phenotyping technology has been actively developed in recent years, but the introduction of these technologies into the field of agronomic research has not progressed as expected, in part due to the need for flexibility and low cost. "DIY" (Do It Yourself) methodologies are an efficient way to overcome such obstacles. Devices with modular functionality are critical to DIY experimentation, allowing researchers flexibility of design. In this study, we developed a plant conveyance system using a commercial AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) as a case study of DIY plant phenotyping. The convey module consists of two devices, a running device and a plant-handling device. The running device was developed based on a commercial AGV Kit. The plant-handling device, plant stands, and pot attachments were originally designed and fabricated by us and our associates. Software was also developed for connecting the devices and operating the system. The run route was set with magnetic tape, which can be easily changed or rerouted. Our plant delivery system was developed with low cost and having high flexibility, as a unit that can contribute to others' DIY' plant research efforts as well as our own. It is expected that the developed devices will contribute to diverse phenotype observations of plants in the greenhouse as well as to other important functions in plant breeding and agricultural production.
{"title":"Development of a plant conveyance system using an AGV and a self-designed plant-handling device: A case study of DIY plant phenotyping.","authors":"Takanari Tanabata, Kunihiro Kodama, Takuyu Hashiguchi, Daisuke Inomata, Hidenori Tanaka, Sachiko Isobe","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant phenotyping technology has been actively developed in recent years, but the introduction of these technologies into the field of agronomic research has not progressed as expected, in part due to the need for flexibility and low cost. \"DIY\" (Do It Yourself) methodologies are an efficient way to overcome such obstacles. Devices with modular functionality are critical to DIY experimentation, allowing researchers flexibility of design. In this study, we developed a plant conveyance system using a commercial AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) as a case study of DIY plant phenotyping. The convey module consists of two devices, a running device and a plant-handling device. The running device was developed based on a commercial AGV Kit. The plant-handling device, plant stands, and pot attachments were originally designed and fabricated by us and our associates. Software was also developed for connecting the devices and operating the system. The run route was set with magnetic tape, which can be easily changed or rerouted. Our plant delivery system was developed with low cost and having high flexibility, as a unit that can contribute to others' DIY' plant research efforts as well as our own. It is expected that the developed devices will contribute to diverse phenotype observations of plants in the greenhouse as well as to other important functions in plant breeding and agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21053
Shota Teramoto, Yusaku Uga
Root system architecture (RSA) determines unevenly distributed water and nutrient availability in soil. Genetic improvement of RSA, therefore, is related to crop production. However, RSA phenotyping has been carried out less frequently than above-ground phenotyping because measuring roots in the soil is difficult and labor intensive. Recent advancements have led to the digitalization of plant measurements; this digital phenotyping has been widely used for measurements of both above-ground and RSA traits. Digital phenotyping for RSA is slower and more difficult than for above-ground traits because the roots are hidden underground. In this review, we summarized recent trends in digital phenotyping for RSA traits. We classified the sample types into three categories: soil block containing roots, section of soil block, and root sample. Examples of the use of digital phenotyping are presented for each category. We also discussed room for improvement in digital phenotyping in each category.
{"title":"Improving the efficiency of plant root system phenotyping through digitization and automation.","authors":"Shota Teramoto, Yusaku Uga","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root system architecture (RSA) determines unevenly distributed water and nutrient availability in soil. Genetic improvement of RSA, therefore, is related to crop production. However, RSA phenotyping has been carried out less frequently than above-ground phenotyping because measuring roots in the soil is difficult and labor intensive. Recent advancements have led to the digitalization of plant measurements; this digital phenotyping has been widely used for measurements of both above-ground and RSA traits. Digital phenotyping for RSA is slower and more difficult than for above-ground traits because the roots are hidden underground. In this review, we summarized recent trends in digital phenotyping for RSA traits. We classified the sample types into three categories: soil block containing roots, section of soil block, and root sample. Examples of the use of digital phenotyping are presented for each category. We also discussed room for improvement in digital phenotyping in each category.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21065
Nozomu Sakurai
Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the 'omes' in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.
{"title":"Recent applications of metabolomics in plant breeding.","authors":"Nozomu Sakurai","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the 'omes' in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21059
Ken Kuroki, Kai Yan, Hiroyoshi Iwata, Kentaro K Shimizu, Toshiaki Tameshige, Shuhei Nasuda, Wei Guo
Phenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially when there is an increasing demand for streamlining a selection process in a breeding program. Since manual phenotyping has limited efficiency, high-throughput phenotyping methods are recently popularized owing to progress in sensor and image processing technologies. However, in a size-limited breeding field, which is common in Japan and other Asian countries, it is challenging to introduce large machinery in the field or fly unmanned aerial vehicles over the field. In this study, we developed a ground-based high-throughput field phenotyping rover that could be easily introduced to a field regardless of the scale and location of the field even without special facilities. We also made the field rover open-source hardware, making its system available to public for easy modification, so that anyone can build one for their own use at a low cost. The trial run of the field rover revealed that it allowed the collection of detailed remote-sensing images of plants and quantitative analyses based on the images. The results suggest that the field rover developed in this study could allow efficient phenotyping of plants especially in a small breeding field.
{"title":"Development of a high-throughput field phenotyping rover optimized for size-limited breeding fields as open-source hardware.","authors":"Ken Kuroki, Kai Yan, Hiroyoshi Iwata, Kentaro K Shimizu, Toshiaki Tameshige, Shuhei Nasuda, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially when there is an increasing demand for streamlining a selection process in a breeding program. Since manual phenotyping has limited efficiency, high-throughput phenotyping methods are recently popularized owing to progress in sensor and image processing technologies. However, in a size-limited breeding field, which is common in Japan and other Asian countries, it is challenging to introduce large machinery in the field or fly unmanned aerial vehicles over the field. In this study, we developed a ground-based high-throughput field phenotyping rover that could be easily introduced to a field regardless of the scale and location of the field even without special facilities. We also made the field rover open-source hardware, making its system available to public for easy modification, so that anyone can build one for their own use at a low cost. The trial run of the field rover revealed that it allowed the collection of detailed remote-sensing images of plants and quantitative analyses based on the images. The results suggest that the field rover developed in this study could allow efficient phenotyping of plants especially in a small breeding field.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21078
Koji Noshita, Hidekazu Murata, Shiryu Kirie
The morphological traits of plants contribute to many important functional features such as radiation interception, lodging tolerance, gas exchange efficiency, spatial competition between individuals and/or species, and disease resistance. Although the importance of plant phenotyping techniques is increasing with advances in molecular breeding strategies, there are barriers to its advancement, including the gap between measured data and phenotypic values, low quantitativity, and low throughput caused by the lack of models for representing morphological traits. In this review, we introduce morphological descriptors that can be used for phenotyping plant morphological traits. Geometric morphometric approaches pave the way to a general-purpose method applicable to single units. Hierarchical structures composed of an indefinite number of multiple elements, which is often observed in plants, can be quantified in terms of their multi-scale topological characteristics using topological data analysis. Theoretical morphological models capture specific anatomical structures, if recognized. These morphological descriptors provide us with the advantages of model-based plant phenotyping, including robust quantification of limited datasets. Moreover, we discuss the future possibilities that a system of model-based measurement and model refinement would solve the lack of morphological models and the difficulties in scaling out the phenotyping processes.
{"title":"Model-based plant phenomics on morphological traits using morphometric descriptors.","authors":"Koji Noshita, Hidekazu Murata, Shiryu Kirie","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The morphological traits of plants contribute to many important functional features such as radiation interception, lodging tolerance, gas exchange efficiency, spatial competition between individuals and/or species, and disease resistance. Although the importance of plant phenotyping techniques is increasing with advances in molecular breeding strategies, there are barriers to its advancement, including the gap between measured data and phenotypic values, low quantitativity, and low throughput caused by the lack of models for representing morphological traits. In this review, we introduce morphological descriptors that can be used for phenotyping plant morphological traits. Geometric morphometric approaches pave the way to a general-purpose method applicable to single units. Hierarchical structures composed of an indefinite number of multiple elements, which is often observed in plants, can be quantified in terms of their multi-scale topological characteristics using topological data analysis. Theoretical morphological models capture specific anatomical structures, if recognized. These morphological descriptors provide us with the advantages of model-based plant phenotyping, including robust quantification of limited datasets. Moreover, we discuss the future possibilities that a system of model-based measurement and model refinement would solve the lack of morphological models and the difficulties in scaling out the phenotyping processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life sciences have entered an era of big data analy‐ sis over the last decade. This is mainly due to the largescale acquisition of genome information by the advent of next generation sequencing technologies and the develop‐ ment of data analysis technologies such as artificial intel‐ ligence. Digital technology has also been developed in plant phenotyping and has begun to be introduced into crop breeding. In contrast to genome sequencing, a variety of measurement technologies are required in plant pheno‐ typing depending on the target traits and plants. In addition, the analysis methods for the acquired data are still in the process of development, and it is difficult to choose the best method without sufficient knowledge. Therefore, this special issue features the current status of digital plant phenotyping technology and data analy‐ sis methods. There are five review and five research arti‐ cles included in this issue. The first review article gives an overview of the current status and prospects of highspeed phenotyping technology for crops. The second article describes ways of using morphometric descriptors to rep‐ resent morphological traits. The third article reviews the creation of 3D models, which is one of the most popular aspects of digital phenotyping. The fourth article reviews the available technologies for measuring roots, which is one of the most challenging traits in plant phenotyping. The fifth article is a review of metabolomics analysis, since chemical component analysis is another important part of phenotyping. The sixth to tenth articles are research papers describing the actual technology development for digital phenotyping or data analysis of plants, including the devel‐ opment of data acquisition equipment and methods for extracting necessary information through image analysis. The development of digital plant phenotyping technol‐ ogy has been driven by the convergence of biological, informatics, and engineering research fields. Many of the papers in this special issue are written by authors who are involved in engineering or information science rather than breeding science. Thus, there may be unfamiliar words that are difficult to read for the typical readers of BS. Despite this unfamiliarity, we hope that this special issue will be read by many BS readers, and will provide an opportunity to enter this new research field.
{"title":"Digital phenotyping and data analysis for plant breeding.","authors":"Sachiko Isobe, Seishi Ninomiya","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.72.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.72.1","url":null,"abstract":"The life sciences have entered an era of big data analy‐ sis over the last decade. This is mainly due to the largescale acquisition of genome information by the advent of next generation sequencing technologies and the develop‐ ment of data analysis technologies such as artificial intel‐ ligence. Digital technology has also been developed in plant phenotyping and has begun to be introduced into crop breeding. In contrast to genome sequencing, a variety of measurement technologies are required in plant pheno‐ typing depending on the target traits and plants. In addition, the analysis methods for the acquired data are still in the process of development, and it is difficult to choose the best method without sufficient knowledge. Therefore, this special issue features the current status of digital plant phenotyping technology and data analy‐ sis methods. There are five review and five research arti‐ cles included in this issue. The first review article gives an overview of the current status and prospects of highspeed phenotyping technology for crops. The second article describes ways of using morphometric descriptors to rep‐ resent morphological traits. The third article reviews the creation of 3D models, which is one of the most popular aspects of digital phenotyping. The fourth article reviews the available technologies for measuring roots, which is one of the most challenging traits in plant phenotyping. The fifth article is a review of metabolomics analysis, since chemical component analysis is another important part of phenotyping. The sixth to tenth articles are research papers describing the actual technology development for digital phenotyping or data analysis of plants, including the devel‐ opment of data acquisition equipment and methods for extracting necessary information through image analysis. The development of digital plant phenotyping technol‐ ogy has been driven by the convergence of biological, informatics, and engineering research fields. Many of the papers in this special issue are written by authors who are involved in engineering or information science rather than breeding science. Thus, there may be unfamiliar words that are difficult to read for the typical readers of BS. Despite this unfamiliarity, we hope that this special issue will be read by many BS readers, and will provide an opportunity to enter this new research field.","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we developed an all-around 3D plant modeling system that operates using images and is capable of measuring plants non-destructively without any contact. During the fabrication of this device, we selected a method capable of performing 3D model reconstruction from multiple images. We then developed an improved SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion / Multi-View-Stereo) method that enables 3D reconstruction by simply capturing images with a camera. The resulting image-based method offers a high degree of freedom because the hardware and software can comprise commercially available products, and it permits the use of one or more cameras according to the shape and size of the plant. The advantages of the image-based method are that 3D reconstruction can be conducted at any time as long as the images are already taken, and that the desired locations can be observed, measured, and analyzed from 2D images and a 3D point cloud. The device we developed is capable of 3D measurements and modeling of plants from a few millimeters to 2.4 m of height using this method. This article explains this device, the principles of its composition, and the accuracy of the models obtained from it.
{"title":"All-around 3D plant modeling system using multiple images and its composition.","authors":"Nobuo Kochi, Atsushi Hayashi, Yota Shinohara, Takanari Tanabata, Kunihiro Kodama, Sachiko Isobe","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21068","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed an all-around 3D plant modeling system that operates using images and is capable of measuring plants non-destructively without any contact. During the fabrication of this device, we selected a method capable of performing 3D model reconstruction from multiple images. We then developed an improved SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion / Multi-View-Stereo) method that enables 3D reconstruction by simply capturing images with a camera. The resulting image-based method offers a high degree of freedom because the hardware and software can comprise commercially available products, and it permits the use of one or more cameras according to the shape and size of the plant. The advantages of the image-based method are that 3D reconstruction can be conducted at any time as long as the images are already taken, and that the desired locations can be observed, measured, and analyzed from 2D images and a 3D point cloud. The device we developed is capable of 3D measurements and modeling of plants from a few millimeters to 2.4 m of height using this method. This article explains this device, the principles of its composition, and the accuracy of the models obtained from it.","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}