Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-11DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21089
Chenchen Hou, Jing Han, Liangliang Zhang, Qiang Geng, Li Zhao, Shuhui Liu, Qunhui Yang, Xinhong Chen, Jun Wu
Psathyrostachys huashanica is a relative of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with many disease resistance genes that can be used to improve wheat disease resistance. In order to enrich the germplasm resources available in wheat genetics and breeding, we assessed Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in 45 interspecific derivatives between wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica during two years from 2017-2018. Two interspecific derivatives comprising, H-34-8-2-6-1 and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 were identified as FHB resistant lines. These two lines were examined based on their morphology and cytogenetics, as well as by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and 660K genotyping array to determine their genetic construction. The results confirmed H-34-8-2-6-1 as a wheat-P. huashanica 1Ns long arm ditelosomic addition line and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 as a wheat-P. huashanica 2Ns substitution line. Assessments of the agronomic traits showed that H-34-8-2-6 had significantly higher kernel number per spike and self-fertility rate than parent 7182. In addition, compared with 7182, H-24-3-1-5-19-1 had a much lower plant height while the other agronomic traits were relatively similar. The two new lines are valuable germplasm materials for breeding FHB resistance in wheat.
{"title":"Identification of resistance to <i>Fusarium</i> head blight and molecular cytogenetics of interspecific derivatives between wheat and <i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i>.","authors":"Chenchen Hou, Jing Han, Liangliang Zhang, Qiang Geng, Li Zhao, Shuhui Liu, Qunhui Yang, Xinhong Chen, Jun Wu","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i> is a relative of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) with many disease resistance genes that can be used to improve wheat disease resistance. In order to enrich the germplasm resources available in wheat genetics and breeding, we assessed <i>Fusarium</i> head blight (FHB) resistance in 45 interspecific derivatives between wheat and <i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i> during two years from 2017-2018. Two interspecific derivatives comprising, H-34-8-2-6-1 and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 were identified as FHB resistant lines. These two lines were examined based on their morphology and cytogenetics, as well as by genomic <i>in situ</i> hybridization (GISH), fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and 660K genotyping array to determine their genetic construction. The results confirmed H-34-8-2-6-1 as a wheat-<i>P. huashanica</i> 1Ns long arm ditelosomic addition line and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 as a wheat-<i>P. huashanica</i> 2Ns substitution line. Assessments of the agronomic traits showed that H-34-8-2-6 had significantly higher kernel number per spike and self-fertility rate than parent 7182. In addition, compared with 7182, H-24-3-1-5-19-1 had a much lower plant height while the other agronomic traits were relatively similar. The two new lines are valuable germplasm materials for breeding FHB resistance in wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21060
Shoji Ohta
Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natural habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F1 hybrids, F2 populations, and F3-F6 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F2 populations, the intraspikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F5 and F6 generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.
{"title":"Genetic variation and genetic control of intraspikelet differences in grain weight and seed dormancy in wild and domesticated emmer wheats.","authors":"Shoji Ohta","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natural habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, F<sub>2</sub> populations, and F<sub>3</sub>-F<sub>6</sub> populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F<sub>2</sub> populations, the intraspikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F<sub>5</sub> and F<sub>6</sub> generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"198-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21096
Christopher Proud, Bradley Campbell, Zuziana Susanti, Shu Fukai, Ian Godwin, Ben Ovenden, Peter Snell, Jaquie Mitchell
Low temperatures at the young microspore stage (YMS) decreases spikelet fertility and is a major limiting factor to rice production in temperate Australia. Low temperature tolerance is a difficult trait to phenotype, hence there is a strong desire for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for their use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Association mapping was used in several breeding populations with a known source of low temperature tolerance, Norin PL8, to identify QTL for low temperature tolerance. A novel QTL for spikelet fertility was identified on chromosome 6, qYMCT6.1, in which the Australian variety, Kyeema, was the donor for increased fertility. Additional five genomics regions were identified that co-located with previously reported QTL, two of which have been previously cloned. Additionally, for the first time a QTL for spikelet fertility qYMCT10.1, has been shown to co-locate with the number of dehisced anthers qYMCTF10.1 which increases the shedding of pollen from the anthers. This study revealed one new QTL for low temperature tolerance at YMS in temperate japonica germplasm and identified an additional five previously reported. These QTL will be utilised for MAS in the Australian rice breeding program and may have merit for temperate breeding programs globally.
{"title":"Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for low temperature tolerance at the young microspore stage in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) in Australian breeding material.","authors":"Christopher Proud, Bradley Campbell, Zuziana Susanti, Shu Fukai, Ian Godwin, Ben Ovenden, Peter Snell, Jaquie Mitchell","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low temperatures at the young microspore stage (YMS) decreases spikelet fertility and is a major limiting factor to rice production in temperate Australia. Low temperature tolerance is a difficult trait to phenotype, hence there is a strong desire for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for their use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Association mapping was used in several breeding populations with a known source of low temperature tolerance, Norin PL8, to identify QTL for low temperature tolerance. A novel QTL for spikelet fertility was identified on chromosome 6, <i>qYMCT6.1</i>, in which the Australian variety, Kyeema, was the donor for increased fertility. Additional five genomics regions were identified that co-located with previously reported QTL, two of which have been previously cloned. Additionally, for the first time a QTL for spikelet fertility <i>qYMCT10.1</i>, has been shown to co-locate with the number of dehisced anthers <i>qYMCTF10.1</i> which increases the shedding of pollen from the anthers. This study revealed one new QTL for low temperature tolerance at YMS in temperate japonica germplasm and identified an additional five previously reported. These QTL will be utilised for MAS in the Australian rice breeding program and may have merit for temperate breeding programs globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"238-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-17DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21086
Ivan N Fesenko, Nikolay I Bondarev, Olga V Rezunova, Darya E Evsyuticheva, Aleksey N Fesenko
Compared to common buckwheat (F. esculentum), Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) is very polymorphic in the type of seeds, but a seed type which is typical for F. esculentum, i.e. triangular seeds with flat sides and clear ribs, has been not found among the polymorphism. However, such seed type is typical for wild species F. cymosum which produces fertile hybrids in crosses with F. tataricum. Embryo rescue based interspecific cross F. esculentum × F. cymosum allowed reveal functional allelism of the genes determining the similar morphs of these species' seeds, i.e. the seed type resulted from mutation(s) at same gene. The gene can be assigned as TAN (triangular). Variation for the seed shell thickness among recessives for the TAN carrying about 12% of F. tataricum genome, together with the shell thickness of a seed from the F1 hybrid F. esculentum × F. cymosum compared to ones of the parents, suggests there are some genes influencing seed shell thickness. Also, it was supported by analyses of seeds characteristics of Tartary-based forms with some share of F. cymosum genetic material. In addition, cross F. tataricum × F. cymosum looks like an effective tool to increase 1000-seed weight of Tartary buckwheat-based breeding material.
{"title":"Hybridization with <i>Fagopyrum cymosum</i> Meisn. as a way to make cultivated Tartary buckwheat (<i>F. tataricum</i> Gaertn.) with grain characteristics typical for common buckwheat (<i>F. esculentum</i> Moench.).","authors":"Ivan N Fesenko, Nikolay I Bondarev, Olga V Rezunova, Darya E Evsyuticheva, Aleksey N Fesenko","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to common buckwheat (<i>F. esculentum</i>), Tartary buckwheat (<i>F. tataricum</i>) is very polymorphic in the type of seeds, but a seed type which is typical for <i>F. esculentum</i>, i.e. triangular seeds with flat sides and clear ribs, has been not found among the polymorphism. However, such seed type is typical for wild species <i>F. cymosum</i> which produces fertile hybrids in crosses with <i>F. tataricum</i>. Embryo rescue based interspecific cross <i>F. esculentum</i> × <i>F. cymosum</i> allowed reveal functional allelism of the genes determining the similar morphs of these species' seeds, i.e. the seed type resulted from mutation(s) at same gene. The gene can be assigned as <i>TAN</i> (triangular). Variation for the seed shell thickness among recessives for the <i>TAN</i> carrying about 12% of <i>F. tataricum</i> genome, together with the shell thickness of a seed from the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid <i>F. esculentum</i> × <i>F. cymosum</i> compared to ones of the parents, suggests there are some genes influencing seed shell thickness. Also, it was supported by analyses of seeds characteristics of Tartary-based forms with some share of <i>F. cymosum</i> genetic material. In addition, cross <i>F. tataricum</i> × <i>F. cymosum</i> looks like an effective tool to increase 1000-seed weight of Tartary buckwheat-based breeding material.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"232-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alebel Mekuriaw Abebe, Jinwoo Choi, Youngjun Kim, Chang-Sik Oh, Inhwa Yeam, Ill-Sup Nou, Je Min Lee
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20027.].
[此更正文章DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20027.]。
{"title":"Erratum: Development of diagnostic molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding against bacterial wilt in tomato.","authors":"Alebel Mekuriaw Abebe, Jinwoo Choi, Youngjun Kim, Chang-Sik Oh, Inhwa Yeam, Ill-Sup Nou, Je Min Lee","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.20027e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.20027e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20027.].</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22001
Masao Arai, Tomoyuki Komatsu, Hisashi Udagawa, Tomoyuki Tajima, Seiki Sato
The Japanese domestic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar 'Kokubu' shows high powdery mildew resistance that is controlled by splice-site mutations of two MILDEW LOCUS O genes, NtMLO1 and NtMLO2. We investigated the existence of the same NtMLO1/2 splice mutations in the genomes of various tobacco varieties cultivated in Japan and other countries. In total, 14 Japanese domestic cultivars, which were mainly distributed in Kagoshima, had splice-site mutations in both NtMLO1 and NtMLO2. In addition, tobacco cultivars containing only the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation were found in various tobacco production areas in Japan, but no cultivars with only the NtMLO2 splice-site mutation were detected. Moreover, the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation was detected in native Asian, Oriental and cigar tobacco varieties. Consequently, we speculate that these powdery mildew-resistant tobacco cultivars were generated relative recently in the Kagoshima area when a spontaneous mutation occurred at the NtMLO2 splice site in a cultivar already containing the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation and that the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation occurred during the early period of tobacco seed dissemination from the Americas to Asia and Japan.
{"title":"The origin and distribution of 'Kokubu'-type splice-site mutations of the <i>MLO</i> genes in tobacco varieties.","authors":"Masao Arai, Tomoyuki Komatsu, Hisashi Udagawa, Tomoyuki Tajima, Seiki Sato","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.22001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.22001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Japanese domestic tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) cultivar 'Kokubu' shows high powdery mildew resistance that is controlled by splice-site mutations of two <i>MILDEW LOCUS O</i> genes, <i>NtMLO1</i> and <i>NtMLO2</i>. We investigated the existence of the same <i>NtMLO1/2</i> splice mutations in the genomes of various tobacco varieties cultivated in Japan and other countries. In total, 14 Japanese domestic cultivars, which were mainly distributed in Kagoshima, had splice-site mutations in both <i>NtMLO1</i> and <i>NtMLO2</i>. In addition, tobacco cultivars containing only the <i>NtMLO1</i> splice-site mutation were found in various tobacco production areas in Japan, but no cultivars with only the <i>NtMLO2</i> splice-site mutation were detected. Moreover, the <i>NtMLO1</i> splice-site mutation was detected in native Asian, Oriental and cigar tobacco varieties. Consequently, we speculate that these powdery mildew-resistant tobacco cultivars were generated relative recently in the Kagoshima area when a spontaneous mutation occurred at the <i>NtMLO2</i> splice site in a cultivar already containing the <i>NtMLO1</i> splice-site mutation and that the <i>NtMLO1</i> splice-site mutation occurred during the early period of tobacco seed dissemination from the Americas to Asia and Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most severe threats to brassica species in China and worldwide. Breeding for clubroot resistant varieties is one of the best ways to overcome this disease. In this study, we introduced clubroot resistance (CR) gene CRd from Chinese cabbage (85-74) into elite Brassica napus inbred line Zhongshuang 11 through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing with whole-genome molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). The resistant test of CRd to P. brassicae isolates was evaluated in the greenhouse as well as in field conditions. Close linkage markers and the whole-chromosome background marker selection approach improved the recovery rate from 78.3% in BC1 to 100% in BC3F1. The improved clubroot-resistant variety, Zhongshuang11R, was successfully selected in the BC3F2 generation. The greenhouse and field resistant tests revealed that Zhongshuang11R was resistant to P. brassicae pathotypes. The agronomic characteristics of Zhongshuang11R were similar to those of its recurrent parental line, including oil content, composition of fatty acid, plant height, primary effective branches, grain yield per plant and thousand-seed weight. In addition, the oil quality could satisfy the quality requirements for commercial rapeseed oil. Our results will enrich the resistant resources of canola and will certainly accelerate clubroot resistance breeding programs in B. napus.
{"title":"Transferring of clubroot-resistant locus <i>CRd</i> from Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) to canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>) through interspecific hybridization.","authors":"Zongxiang Zhan, Nadil Shah, Ru Jia, Xiaonan Li, Chunyu Zhang, Zhongyun Piao","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clubroot, caused by <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> is one of the most severe threats to brassica species in China and worldwide. Breeding for clubroot resistant varieties is one of the best ways to overcome this disease. In this study, we introduced clubroot resistance (CR) gene <i>CRd</i> from Chinese cabbage (85-74) into elite <i>Brassica napus</i> inbred line Zhongshuang 11 through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing with whole-genome molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). The resistant test of <i>CRd</i> to <i>P. brassicae</i> isolates was evaluated in the greenhouse as well as in field conditions. Close linkage markers and the whole-chromosome background marker selection approach improved the recovery rate from 78.3% in BC<sub>1</sub> to 100% in BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>1</sub>. The improved clubroot-resistant variety, Zhongshuang11R, was successfully selected in the BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> generation. The greenhouse and field resistant tests revealed that Zhongshuang11R was resistant to <i>P. brassicae</i> pathotypes. The agronomic characteristics of Zhongshuang11R were similar to those of its recurrent parental line, including oil content, composition of fatty acid, plant height, primary effective branches, grain yield per plant and thousand-seed weight. In addition, the oil quality could satisfy the quality requirements for commercial rapeseed oil. Our results will enrich the resistant resources of canola and will certainly accelerate clubroot resistance breeding programs in <i>B. napus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mentha is a complex genus encompassing many species as a consequence of their interspecific hybridization and polyploidy. Southeast Asian mints have been poorly distinguished though they are widely used for culinary and medical purposes. In this study, we have analyzed Southeast Asian mints and known varieties as well as a related Lamiaceae species (Nepeta sp.) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and leaf morphology. Two types of mints were clearly distinguished based on their venation pattern and leaf shape index. We developed 12 SSR markers that allowed good amplification in the Mentha and another Lamiaceae species. In the SSR-based phylogram, the Mentha lines could be delimited into groups I-VI. The Southeast Asian mints divided into groups I and II, and the phylogram separated most of the available species, with groups I and II containing the known species M. × cordifolia and M. arvensis, respectively. The separation of the two groups was supported by a population structure analysis. The SSR markers developed in this study enabled the simultaneous classification of mints and will help improve our understanding of the genetic composition of known mint varieties and as yet unclassified Southeast Asian mints.
薄荷是一个复杂的属,包括许多种,由于它们的种间杂交和多倍体的结果。尽管东南亚薄荷被广泛用于烹饪和医疗目的,但它们的区别却很差。本研究利用SSR标记和叶片形态分析了东南亚薄荷、已知薄荷品种以及一种薄荷科植物。根据薄荷的脉状形态和叶形指数,可以清楚地区分两种薄荷。我们开发了12个SSR标记,可以在薄荷和另一个Lamiaceae物种中进行良好的扩增。在基于ssr的系统图谱中,薄荷系可划分为I-VI类群。东南亚薄荷属植物分为I类和II类,其系统谱区分了大部分可用种,其中I类和II类分别含有已知种M. x cordifolia和M. arvensis。种群结构分析支持了这两组的分离。本研究开发的SSR标记实现了薄荷的同时分类,将有助于提高我们对已知薄荷品种和尚未分类的东南亚薄荷的遗传组成的理解。
{"title":"Classification of Southeast Asian mints (<i>Mentha</i> spp.) based on simple sequence repeat markers.","authors":"Yuri Fukui, Moeko Saito, Natsuno Nakamura, Taichi Mizuno, Shuichi Sato, Mayu Tsukuda, Saori Nakaoka, Keita Tsuboi, Azusa Sasaki, Kouji Kuramochi, Panida Boonyaritthongchai, Nichapat Kaewmanee, Krit Thirapanmethee, Mullika Traidej Chomnawang, Bhanubong Bongcheewin, Thuy Linh Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Huong Thi Le, Shigehisa Okamoto, Takako Nakamura, Yasushi Nakamura, Nakao Kubo","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mentha</i> is a complex genus encompassing many species as a consequence of their interspecific hybridization and polyploidy. Southeast Asian mints have been poorly distinguished though they are widely used for culinary and medical purposes. In this study, we have analyzed Southeast Asian mints and known varieties as well as a related Lamiaceae species (<i>Nepeta</i> sp.) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and leaf morphology. Two types of mints were clearly distinguished based on their venation pattern and leaf shape index. We developed 12 SSR markers that allowed good amplification in the <i>Mentha</i> and another Lamiaceae species. In the SSR-based phylogram, the <i>Mentha</i> lines could be delimited into groups I-VI. The Southeast Asian mints divided into groups I and II, and the phylogram separated most of the available species, with groups I and II containing the known species <i>M.</i> × <i>cordifolia</i> and <i>M. arvensis</i>, respectively. The separation of the two groups was supported by a population structure analysis. The SSR markers developed in this study enabled the simultaneous classification of mints and will help improve our understanding of the genetic composition of known mint varieties and as yet unclassified Southeast Asian mints.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"181-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of crop varieties with high nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is thought to be important in achieving sustainable cereal crop production. The high yield large-grain rice cultivar Oryza sativa L. 'Akita 63' (temperatejaponica) has high physiological NUE (PNUE) for grain yield (GY). Our previous study revealed that a large-grain allele of GS3 is present in 'Akita 63'. Here, we verified the influence of GS3 on the yield properties and PNUE for GY in 'Akita 63'. The frequency distribution of brown rice length in F2 crosses of 'Iwate 75' and 'Akita 63' showed a continuous distribution that could be explained by GS3. A near-isogenic line was developed to substitute the GS3 segment of 'Koshihikari', which harbours a normal-sized grain allele, in the genetic background of 'Akita 63' and the line was designated as Akita63NILGS3-Koshihikari. Compared with Akita63NILGS3-Koshihikari, 'Akita 63' exhibited a significantly increased grain length, single brown grain weight and GY, although no significant differences were observed in the nitrogen content and above-ground biomass per unit of cultivated area. These results indicate that the GS3 large-grain allele is a contributing factor to high PNUE for GY in 'Akita 63'. These findings will facilitate the development of nitrogen-efficient rice varieties.
{"title":"Contribution of the grain size QTL <i>GS3</i> to yield properties and physiological nitrogen-use efficiency in the large-grain rice cultivar 'Akita 63'.","authors":"Mitsuhiro Obara, Yoshihiro Kaneta, Ikuko Kodama, Sinichi Matsumoto, Tomohiko Kawamoto, Keiki Ishiyama, Tadahiko Mae, Amane Makino","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of crop varieties with high nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is thought to be important in achieving sustainable cereal crop production. The high yield large-grain rice cultivar <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. 'Akita 63' (<i>temperate</i> <i>japonica</i>) has high physiological NUE (PNUE) for grain yield (GY). Our previous study revealed that a large-grain allele of <i>GS3</i> is present in 'Akita 63'. Here, we verified the influence of <i>GS3</i> on the yield properties and PNUE for GY in 'Akita 63'. The frequency distribution of brown rice length in F<sub>2</sub> crosses of 'Iwate 75' and 'Akita 63' showed a continuous distribution that could be explained by <i>GS3</i>. A near-isogenic line was developed to substitute the <i>GS3</i> segment of 'Koshihikari', which harbours a normal-sized grain allele, in the genetic background of 'Akita 63' and the line was designated as Akita63NIL<i>GS3</i>-Koshihikari. Compared with Akita63NIL<i>GS3</i>-Koshihikari, 'Akita 63' exhibited a significantly increased grain length, single brown grain weight and GY, although no significant differences were observed in the nitrogen content and above-ground biomass per unit of cultivated area. These results indicate that the <i>GS3</i> large-grain allele is a contributing factor to high PNUE for GY in 'Akita 63'. These findings will facilitate the development of nitrogen-efficient rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01Epub Date: 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21081
Dongjin Qing, Guofu Deng, Yinghua Pan, Lijun Gao, Haifu Liang, Weiyong Zhou, Weiwei Chen, Jingcheng Li, Juan Huang, Ju Gao, Chunju Lu, Hao Wu, Kaiqiang Liu, Gaoxing Dai
Low temperature is one of the important environmental factors that affect rice growth and yield. To better understand the japonica rice responses to cold stress, isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach was used to detected changes in protein levels. Two-week-old seedlings of the cold tolerant rice variety Kongyu131 were treated at 8°C for 24, 48 and 72 h, then the total proteins were extracted from tissues and used for quantitative proteomics analysis. A total of 5082 proteins were detected for quantitative analysis, of which 289 proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 169 uniquely up-regulated proteins and 125 uniquely down-regulated proteins in cold stress groups relative to the control group. Functional analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins are involved in photosynthesis, metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbon metabolism. Western blot analysis showed that protein regulation was consistent with the iTRAQ data. The corresponding genes of 25 regulated proteins were used for quantitative real time PCR analysis, and the results showed that the mRNA level was not always parallel to the corresponding protein level. The importance of our study is that it provides new insights into cold stress responses in rice with respect to proteomics and provides candidate genes for cold-tolerance rice breeding.
{"title":"ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of <i>japonica</i> rice seedling during cold stress.","authors":"Dongjin Qing, Guofu Deng, Yinghua Pan, Lijun Gao, Haifu Liang, Weiyong Zhou, Weiwei Chen, Jingcheng Li, Juan Huang, Ju Gao, Chunju Lu, Hao Wu, Kaiqiang Liu, Gaoxing Dai","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low temperature is one of the important environmental factors that affect rice growth and yield. To better understand the <i>japonica</i> rice responses to cold stress, isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach was used to detected changes in protein levels. Two-week-old seedlings of the cold tolerant rice variety Kongyu131 were treated at 8°C for 24, 48 and 72 h, then the total proteins were extracted from tissues and used for quantitative proteomics analysis. A total of 5082 proteins were detected for quantitative analysis, of which 289 proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 169 uniquely up-regulated proteins and 125 uniquely down-regulated proteins in cold stress groups relative to the control group. Functional analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins are involved in photosynthesis, metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbon metabolism. Western blot analysis showed that protein regulation was consistent with the iTRAQ data. The corresponding genes of 25 regulated proteins were used for quantitative real time PCR analysis, and the results showed that the mRNA level was not always parallel to the corresponding protein level. The importance of our study is that it provides new insights into cold stress responses in rice with respect to proteomics and provides candidate genes for cold-tolerance rice breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"150-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}