Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200467
C. R. Castro, C. Scapim, R. Pinto, S. Ruffato, D. Zeffa, S. T. Ivamoto, Gustavo Henrique Freiria, Silvia Regina de Toledo Gonçalves
: The development of new popcorn cultivars that include wide adaptation, high stability and superior performance characteristics is one of the main alternatives to mitigate the effects of the genotype × environment interaction. In this sense, our main goal was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of new popcorn hybrids using Bayesian additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (BAMMI) method for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion capacity (PE) traits. We evaluated GY and PE from 45 new popcorn hybrids and three commercial cultivars (IAC–125, Pop Top and Top Ten) as checks in six different environments. Genotype × environment interaction, correlation and stability analyses were performed using Bayesian approaches. The full models tested presented the lowest deviance information criterion (DIC) values when compared to null models, indicating the presence of the genotype × environment interaction for both evaluated agronomic traits. Negative correlations were observed between GY and PE (r = –0.24, 95% highest posterior density [HPD] = –0.31; –0.17) and confirm the difficulty to perform selection simultaneously for both characteristics. UEM–3 and UEM–7 hybrids showed wide stability and high a posteriori averages for GY and PE. Both cultivars can be registered and recommended for cultivation in popcorn producing regions.
{"title":"Adaptability and stability analysis of new popcorn simple hybrids evaluated using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction Bayesian approaches","authors":"C. R. Castro, C. Scapim, R. Pinto, S. Ruffato, D. Zeffa, S. T. Ivamoto, Gustavo Henrique Freiria, Silvia Regina de Toledo Gonçalves","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200467","url":null,"abstract":": The development of new popcorn cultivars that include wide adaptation, high stability and superior performance characteristics is one of the main alternatives to mitigate the effects of the genotype × environment interaction. In this sense, our main goal was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of new popcorn hybrids using Bayesian additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (BAMMI) method for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion capacity (PE) traits. We evaluated GY and PE from 45 new popcorn hybrids and three commercial cultivars (IAC–125, Pop Top and Top Ten) as checks in six different environments. Genotype × environment interaction, correlation and stability analyses were performed using Bayesian approaches. The full models tested presented the lowest deviance information criterion (DIC) values when compared to null models, indicating the presence of the genotype × environment interaction for both evaluated agronomic traits. Negative correlations were observed between GY and PE (r = –0.24, 95% highest posterior density [HPD] = –0.31; –0.17) and confirm the difficulty to perform selection simultaneously for both characteristics. UEM–3 and UEM–7 hybrids showed wide stability and high a posteriori averages for GY and PE. Both cultivars can be registered and recommended for cultivation in popcorn producing regions.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67473323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210109
Marina Reggio Machado, Júlia Claudiane da Veiga, N. M. Silveira, A. Seabra, Yolanda Eugênia Alamo Gabrine Boza, M. T. Pelegrino, P. Cia, S. Valentini, Ilana Urbano Bron
: Nitric oxide application has been seen as a promising technique to extend the postharvest life of various fresh fruits and vegetables. This is the first work involving the spray application of nitric oxide donor S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on Golden papaya. Considering that results are very distinct depending on the type of the nitric oxide donor, the form of application, the concentration used and the species studied, the application must be adapted to each necessity. The aim of this study was to relate the application of GSNO, spray applied at 10, 100, 1,000 µM, with the physiological, physical-chemical, and biochemical changes of Golden papaya, in the first 72 h of ripening. Control fruit was sprayed with distilled water. GSNO application did not interfere on color and chlorophyll fluorescence of the peel, on soluble solids, titratable acidity, lipid peroxidation, and in the level of S -nitrosothiols. Control fruit and 10-µM GSNO sprayed showed lower respiration. After 72 h of ripening at 25°C, all fruits showed an increase in ethylene biosynthesis, except for those treated with 10 µM GSNO. Papaya sprayed with 10-µM GSNO showed the highest pulp firmness and 52% less weight loss when compared to control fruit. GSNO was also responsible for increasing the ascorbic acid in papayas, besides showing an increase in total antioxidant activity production. The results indicated that the application of 10 µM of GSNO by spray can potentially preserve the quality characteristics of Golden papaya, mainly due to the lower ethylene production, the delay in the firmness loss, and the less weight loss.
{"title":"Nitric oxide supply reduces ethylene production, softening and weight loss in papaya fruit","authors":"Marina Reggio Machado, Júlia Claudiane da Veiga, N. M. Silveira, A. Seabra, Yolanda Eugênia Alamo Gabrine Boza, M. T. Pelegrino, P. Cia, S. Valentini, Ilana Urbano Bron","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210109","url":null,"abstract":": Nitric oxide application has been seen as a promising technique to extend the postharvest life of various fresh fruits and vegetables. This is the first work involving the spray application of nitric oxide donor S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on Golden papaya. Considering that results are very distinct depending on the type of the nitric oxide donor, the form of application, the concentration used and the species studied, the application must be adapted to each necessity. The aim of this study was to relate the application of GSNO, spray applied at 10, 100, 1,000 µM, with the physiological, physical-chemical, and biochemical changes of Golden papaya, in the first 72 h of ripening. Control fruit was sprayed with distilled water. GSNO application did not interfere on color and chlorophyll fluorescence of the peel, on soluble solids, titratable acidity, lipid peroxidation, and in the level of S -nitrosothiols. Control fruit and 10-µM GSNO sprayed showed lower respiration. After 72 h of ripening at 25°C, all fruits showed an increase in ethylene biosynthesis, except for those treated with 10 µM GSNO. Papaya sprayed with 10-µM GSNO showed the highest pulp firmness and 52% less weight loss when compared to control fruit. GSNO was also responsible for increasing the ascorbic acid in papayas, besides showing an increase in total antioxidant activity production. The results indicated that the application of 10 µM of GSNO by spray can potentially preserve the quality characteristics of Golden papaya, mainly due to the lower ethylene production, the delay in the firmness loss, and the less weight loss.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210211
G. Leivas, Elsa Kuhn Klumb, V. Bianchi, R. R. Yamamoto, Luciano de Amarante, J. F. Pereira, F. Herter, A. Chaves, P. Mello-Farias
In the last decades, several biochemical and molecular studies in pear (Pyrus spp.) have revealed processes associated with dormancy establishment and release, leading to the identification of several MADS-box family genes related to bud dormancy regulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate a preliminary expression pattern of the PpDAM13-1 and PpDAM13-2 MADS-box genes in pear leaf buds (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cultivars Hosui and Nijisseiki; and Pyrus communis L., cultivars Rocha and Santa Maria), grown in the subtropical climate of Southern Brazil. Lateral leaf buds were collected from June to September, and RNA was extracted for evaluation of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). It was found that these two genes decreased the expression as leaf buds are release from dormancy. The Hosui cultivar for both genes and the Nijisseiki cultivar for PpDAM13-2 gene showed peaks of expression in early June, indicating that leaf buds are in a transition dormancy phase. The two European cultivars showed this transition dormancy phase between the end-July and the mid-August. It was concluded that the expression analysis of PpDAM13-1 and PpDAM13-2 genes can be used as a marker to evaluate changes of dormancy phase in pear trees in subtropical climate conditions, and it can be suitable to assist management strategies for overcoming pears’ bud dormancy.
在过去的几十年里，对梨(Pyrus spp.)的生化和分子研究揭示了与休眠建立和释放相关的过程，从而鉴定了几个与芽休眠调控相关的MADS-box家族基因。因此，本研究旨在初步评价PpDAM13-1和PpDAM13-2 MADS-box基因在梨叶芽(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)、品种“Hosui”和“nijisisiki”中的表达模式;和梨(Pyrus communis L.，栽培品种Rocha和Santa Maria)，生长在巴西南部的亚热带气候。6 - 9月采集侧枝叶芽，提取RNA，用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)评价基因表达。结果表明，这两个基因在叶芽从休眠状态中释放后，其表达量均有所下降。两个基因的Hosui品种和PpDAM13-2基因的Nijisseiki品种在6月初达到表达高峰，表明叶芽处于过渡休眠阶段。这两个欧洲品种在7月底到8月中旬之间表现出这种过渡休眠阶段。结果表明，PpDAM13-1和PpDAM13-2基因的表达分析可作为评价亚热带气候条件下梨树休眠期变化的标志，并可用于辅助梨树克服芽休眠的管理策略。
{"title":"Approaches about the expression of two MADS-box genes in pear during the seasonal leaf bud-dormancy transitional phases in the subtropical climate","authors":"G. Leivas, Elsa Kuhn Klumb, V. Bianchi, R. R. Yamamoto, Luciano de Amarante, J. F. Pereira, F. Herter, A. Chaves, P. Mello-Farias","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210211","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, several biochemical and molecular studies in pear (Pyrus spp.) have revealed processes associated with dormancy establishment and release, leading to the identification of several MADS-box family genes related to bud dormancy regulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate a preliminary expression pattern of the PpDAM13-1 and PpDAM13-2 MADS-box genes in pear leaf buds (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cultivars Hosui and Nijisseiki; and Pyrus communis L., cultivars Rocha and Santa Maria), grown in the subtropical climate of Southern Brazil. Lateral leaf buds were collected from June to September, and RNA was extracted for evaluation of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). It was found that these two genes decreased the expression as leaf buds are release from dormancy. The Hosui cultivar for both genes and the Nijisseiki cultivar for PpDAM13-2 gene showed peaks of expression in early June, indicating that leaf buds are in a transition dormancy phase. The two European cultivars showed this transition dormancy phase between the end-July and the mid-August. It was concluded that the expression analysis of PpDAM13-1 and PpDAM13-2 genes can be used as a marker to evaluate changes of dormancy phase in pear trees in subtropical climate conditions, and it can be suitable to assist management strategies for overcoming pears’ bud dormancy.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210244
A. M. Barbosa, R. T. Faria, L. Saran, G. O. Santos, G. D. F. Dantas, A. P. Coelho
: A long-term experiment (2013 to 2017) of treated sewage effluent (TSE) levels via fertigation in a humid tropical region was installed in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Southeast of Brazil, to evaluate the impact of TSE on soil fertility and the potential for salinization and heavy metal contamination of an Oxisol. The area was cultivated with Urochloa brizantha under the application of four TSE levels at the irrigation depth (0, 11, 60, and 100% TSE) during the four years of the experiment. The TSE chemical composition was monitored throughout the experimental period. The heavy metal levels and soil fertility were evaluated in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers at the end of the four years of the experiment. Fertigation using TSE did not increase the concentration of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in the soil due to their low concentration in the effluent. A higher Na concentration was also observed at high TSE levels (60 and 100%). However, the sodium adsorption rate in the TSE was low, generating no potential for soil salinization and sodification. Fertigation with TSE levels increased soil fertility, increasing by more than 10% the P content and base saturation in the soil compared to control. According to the chemical attributes evaluated in the soil and effluent, this long-term study showed that TSE application via fertigation in humid tropical regions on clayey soils cultivated with forage grasses is recommended.
{"title":"Impact of treated sewage effluent on soil fertility, salinization, and heavy metal content","authors":"A. M. Barbosa, R. T. Faria, L. Saran, G. O. Santos, G. D. F. Dantas, A. P. Coelho","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210244","url":null,"abstract":": A long-term experiment (2013 to 2017) of treated sewage effluent (TSE) levels via fertigation in a humid tropical region was installed in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Southeast of Brazil, to evaluate the impact of TSE on soil fertility and the potential for salinization and heavy metal contamination of an Oxisol. The area was cultivated with Urochloa brizantha under the application of four TSE levels at the irrigation depth (0, 11, 60, and 100% TSE) during the four years of the experiment. The TSE chemical composition was monitored throughout the experimental period. The heavy metal levels and soil fertility were evaluated in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers at the end of the four years of the experiment. Fertigation using TSE did not increase the concentration of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in the soil due to their low concentration in the effluent. A higher Na concentration was also observed at high TSE levels (60 and 100%). However, the sodium adsorption rate in the TSE was low, generating no potential for soil salinization and sodification. Fertigation with TSE levels increased soil fertility, increasing by more than 10% the P content and base saturation in the soil compared to control. According to the chemical attributes evaluated in the soil and effluent, this long-term study showed that TSE application via fertigation in humid tropical regions on clayey soils cultivated with forage grasses is recommended.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220055
Camila Lopez, A. Salazar, J. Ocampo, D. P. D. Silva, N. Ceballos
: The aim of this work was to determine the influence of Passiflora maliformis as rootstock on the physical characteristics of fruits, productivity, and profitability of the purple passion fruit. The study was carried out from May 2020 to April 2021, under a 3 × 3 factorial design distributed in blocks with three repetitions. The treatments were represented by three scions of elite accessions of purple passion fruit PutEdu01, TesEdu11 and a commercial scion, and three rootstocks, ungrafted, autografted and P. maliformis . Conventional cleft grafting was used. The fresh fruit mass, the shell weight, the pulp weight, the fruit diameter, the polar diameter of the fruit, the percentage of pulp and skin were evaluated. As economic variables, production costs, income, and their cost benefit ratio were determined. The quality of the fruits derived from the grafted accessions in P. maliformis was within the fresh marketing standards, presenting a pulp yield of more than 50%. The combinations of the purple passion fruit TesEdu11 accessions and the commercial one grafted onto P. maliformis as the elite accession PutEdu01 without grafting were financially attractive because they presented a cost-benefit ratio greater than one at two years after starting the crop.
{"title":"Economic and quality study of purple passion fruit grafted on a fusarium wilt tolerant rootstock","authors":"Camila Lopez, A. Salazar, J. Ocampo, D. P. D. Silva, N. Ceballos","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220055","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this work was to determine the influence of Passiflora maliformis as rootstock on the physical characteristics of fruits, productivity, and profitability of the purple passion fruit. The study was carried out from May 2020 to April 2021, under a 3 × 3 factorial design distributed in blocks with three repetitions. The treatments were represented by three scions of elite accessions of purple passion fruit PutEdu01, TesEdu11 and a commercial scion, and three rootstocks, ungrafted, autografted and P. maliformis . Conventional cleft grafting was used. The fresh fruit mass, the shell weight, the pulp weight, the fruit diameter, the polar diameter of the fruit, the percentage of pulp and skin were evaluated. As economic variables, production costs, income, and their cost benefit ratio were determined. The quality of the fruits derived from the grafted accessions in P. maliformis was within the fresh marketing standards, presenting a pulp yield of more than 50%. The combinations of the purple passion fruit TesEdu11 accessions and the commercial one grafted onto P. maliformis as the elite accession PutEdu01 without grafting were financially attractive because they presented a cost-benefit ratio greater than one at two years after starting the crop.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220071
M. Alves, Cybelle Souza Oliveira, Gisely Moreira Vitalino, E. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, M. A. Lira Junior
: Some forage species, such as pangolão grass ( Digitaria eriantha Steud. cv. Survenola), are resilient in tropical semiarid regions. A possible reason for this is the presence of endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms. Thus, this study evaluated the diversity of associative bacteria in pangolão grass. Bacteria associated with the roots, culm, leaves, and rhizospheric soil were isolated and characterized in three municipalities of Pernambuco, Brazil. An initial phenotypic characterization was followed by a genotypic assessment by based repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (BOX-PCR) and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. We obtained 325 phenotypically-characterized isolates grouped into 243 strains with 100% similarity by BOX-PCR. The most diverse sampling environment was Araripina, and all factors affected bacterial diversity. There were 135 groups with 90% similarity, that were represented by a single strain each for sequencing. Among the sequenced strains, 118 showed 96.84–99.9% similarity with previously described strains, whereas 17 could not be identified. The following 18 genera were identified from three phyla, five classes, seven orders, and 13 families: Achromobacter , Agrobacterium , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Curtobacterium , Enterobacter , Herbaspirillum , Kosakonia , Ochrobactrum , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Priestia , Pseudomonas , Rhizobium , Serratia , Shinella , Stenotrophomonas , and Variovorax . The diversity of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria may contribute to the resilience of pangolão , as various strains of these genera have been described as plant growth promoters. This is the first evaluation of pangolão bacterial diversity under tropical semiarid conditions. Since several of the genera include strains known to promote plant growth, we propose further research to evaluate this on crops.
{"title":"Associative bacterial diversity of pangolão, a stressresilient tropical grass","authors":"M. Alves, Cybelle Souza Oliveira, Gisely Moreira Vitalino, E. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, M. A. Lira Junior","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220071","url":null,"abstract":": Some forage species, such as pangolão grass ( Digitaria eriantha Steud. cv. Survenola), are resilient in tropical semiarid regions. A possible reason for this is the presence of endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms. Thus, this study evaluated the diversity of associative bacteria in pangolão grass. Bacteria associated with the roots, culm, leaves, and rhizospheric soil were isolated and characterized in three municipalities of Pernambuco, Brazil. An initial phenotypic characterization was followed by a genotypic assessment by based repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (BOX-PCR) and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. We obtained 325 phenotypically-characterized isolates grouped into 243 strains with 100% similarity by BOX-PCR. The most diverse sampling environment was Araripina, and all factors affected bacterial diversity. There were 135 groups with 90% similarity, that were represented by a single strain each for sequencing. Among the sequenced strains, 118 showed 96.84–99.9% similarity with previously described strains, whereas 17 could not be identified. The following 18 genera were identified from three phyla, five classes, seven orders, and 13 families: Achromobacter , Agrobacterium , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Curtobacterium , Enterobacter , Herbaspirillum , Kosakonia , Ochrobactrum , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Priestia , Pseudomonas , Rhizobium , Serratia , Shinella , Stenotrophomonas , and Variovorax . The diversity of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria may contribute to the resilience of pangolão , as various strains of these genera have been described as plant growth promoters. This is the first evaluation of pangolão bacterial diversity under tropical semiarid conditions. Since several of the genera include strains known to promote plant growth, we propose further research to evaluate this on crops.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210063
L. Hahn, Denimar Luiz Suzin, L. Argenta, T. L. Tiecher, F. Thewes, J. M. Moura-Bueno, G. Brunetto
: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of new Ca sources sprayed on ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees on nutrient levels in leaves and fruit, as well as on fruit ripening features and quality at harvest time and after cold storage. Experiments were carried out in a commercial orchard planted with ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees in Caçador, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Application of different Ca sources and untreated trees were evaluated in each experiment. Fruit were harvested at two different ripening stages and analyzed based on the following variables: fruit ripening at harvest time, as well as fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders after 210-day storage at 1 °C. Calcium applications did not change Ca levels in the leaves and of the whole fruit. Calcium levels in fruit peel increased in cultivars Maxi Gala and Fuji Suprema due to leaf Ca applications. ‘Maxi Gala’ apples recorded higher postharvest incidence of physiological disorders, such as greater loss of fruit firmness than ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples (Due to 1-methylcyclopropene [1-MCP] application on ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples). Calcium applications did not change fruit maturation (starch index and pulp firmness) or apple pulp firmness preservation in both cultivars, although they reduced the incidence of bitter pit disorder in ‘Maxi Gala’ apples. The new sources of Ca tested did not increase Ca contents, nor did they reduced the risk for physiological disorder compared to the standard CaCl 2 treatment that has been commercially used for decades as the main Ca fertilizer.
摘要:本研究旨在评价在“富士上士”和“马西伽拉”苹果树上喷施新型钙源对苹果树叶片和果实营养水平、收获期和冷藏后果实成熟特征和品质的影响。实验是在巴西圣卡塔琳娜州卡帕拉多尔的一个商业果园里进行的，果园里种植了“富士至上”和“Maxi Gala”苹果树。每个试验对不同钙源和未处理树木的施用进行了评价。在两个不同的成熟期采收果实，并根据以下变量进行分析:采收时果实的成熟度，以及在1°C下储存210 d后的果实品质和生理失调发生率。施用钙没有改变叶片和整个果实的钙含量。由于叶片钙的施用，大喜嘎拉和富士上等品种果皮中的钙含量增加。“Maxi Gala”苹果的采后生理失调发生率高于“Fuji Suprema”苹果，如果实硬度损失更大(由于1-甲基环丙烯[1-MCP]应用于“Fuji Suprema”苹果)。在两个品种中，施用钙并没有改变果实成熟度(淀粉指数和果肉硬度)或苹果果肉硬度保存，尽管它们降低了' Maxi Gala '苹果的苦核病发病率。与几十年来一直作为主要钙肥在商业上使用的标准氯化钙处理相比，测试的新钙来源既没有增加钙含量，也没有降低生理失调的风险。
{"title":"Calcium applications on ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees: fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage","authors":"L. Hahn, Denimar Luiz Suzin, L. Argenta, T. L. Tiecher, F. Thewes, J. M. Moura-Bueno, G. Brunetto","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210063","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of new Ca sources sprayed on ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees on nutrient levels in leaves and fruit, as well as on fruit ripening features and quality at harvest time and after cold storage. Experiments were carried out in a commercial orchard planted with ‘Fuji Suprema’ and ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees in Caçador, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Application of different Ca sources and untreated trees were evaluated in each experiment. Fruit were harvested at two different ripening stages and analyzed based on the following variables: fruit ripening at harvest time, as well as fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders after 210-day storage at 1 °C. Calcium applications did not change Ca levels in the leaves and of the whole fruit. Calcium levels in fruit peel increased in cultivars Maxi Gala and Fuji Suprema due to leaf Ca applications. ‘Maxi Gala’ apples recorded higher postharvest incidence of physiological disorders, such as greater loss of fruit firmness than ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples (Due to 1-methylcyclopropene [1-MCP] application on ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples). Calcium applications did not change fruit maturation (starch index and pulp firmness) or apple pulp firmness preservation in both cultivars, although they reduced the incidence of bitter pit disorder in ‘Maxi Gala’ apples. The new sources of Ca tested did not increase Ca contents, nor did they reduced the risk for physiological disorder compared to the standard CaCl 2 treatment that has been commercially used for decades as the main Ca fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210319
Julia Abati, C. Zucareli, Cristian Rafael Brzezinski, L. Moraes, I. O. N. Lopes, L. M. Mertz-Henning, F. C. Krzyzanowski, Fernando Augusto Henning
: Differences in seed storage tolerance between soybean cultivars have been frequently observed. Thus, identifying compounds found in them that may be related to these differences is necessary to support the selection of cultivars with seeds with better storage potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in viability and vigor of soybean seeds during storage in two environments, relating them to antioxidant activity, production of reactive oxygen species, and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme (storage periods × cultivars). Cultivars with contrasting characteristics of lignin content, seed coat color, and isoflavone content in the seed were used, stored for six months in a cold and dry chamber and an uncontrolled environment. Every two months, viability and vigor, enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and hydrogen peroxide content were evaluated. Storage in a cold and dry chamber maintains seed viability of cultivars A, C, and D; it is reduced in all cultivars in an uncontrolled environment. Seed vigor is reduced during storage. There is no association between the seeds’ physiological quality and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The increase in the hydrogen peroxide content in the seed coat is an indicator of the reduction in the seed physiological quality when stored in an uncontrolled environment. The difference in deterioration tolerance during storage is associated with the lignin content in the seed coat.
{"title":"Physiological potential and antioxidant metabolism during storage of soybean seeds contrasting with phenylpropanoid pathway compounds","authors":"Julia Abati, C. Zucareli, Cristian Rafael Brzezinski, L. Moraes, I. O. N. Lopes, L. M. Mertz-Henning, F. C. Krzyzanowski, Fernando Augusto Henning","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210319","url":null,"abstract":": Differences in seed storage tolerance between soybean cultivars have been frequently observed. Thus, identifying compounds found in them that may be related to these differences is necessary to support the selection of cultivars with seeds with better storage potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in viability and vigor of soybean seeds during storage in two environments, relating them to antioxidant activity, production of reactive oxygen species, and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme (storage periods × cultivars). Cultivars with contrasting characteristics of lignin content, seed coat color, and isoflavone content in the seed were used, stored for six months in a cold and dry chamber and an uncontrolled environment. Every two months, viability and vigor, enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and hydrogen peroxide content were evaluated. Storage in a cold and dry chamber maintains seed viability of cultivars A, C, and D; it is reduced in all cultivars in an uncontrolled environment. Seed vigor is reduced during storage. There is no association between the seeds’ physiological quality and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The increase in the hydrogen peroxide content in the seed coat is an indicator of the reduction in the seed physiological quality when stored in an uncontrolled environment. The difference in deterioration tolerance during storage is associated with the lignin content in the seed coat.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220010
Ani Carla Concato, W. A. Tamagno, C. Alves, Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo, A. P. Vanin, L. Vargas, R. Kaizer, L. Galon
: Enlist™ technology confers resistance to 2,4-D herbicides, glyphosate, and ammonium glufosinate for soybeans. However, the application of herbicides to plants can generate stress, even in resistant crops. Thus, here we evaluated whether the application of herbicides in transgenic soybean farms, resistant to these herbicides, adversely affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and porphobilinogen formation by delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. At seven days after herbicide application, the aerial part of the plants was collected and used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase, such as lipid peroxidation levels and the activity of the ALA-D enzyme. At seven days after herbicide application, the aerial part of plants was collect and used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the ALA-D enzyme. The activity of important antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in the soybean cultivar with the Enlist™ technology, while no severe damage to lipids was detected. However, the activity of ALA-D was inhibited, which could potentially impair the formation of porphobilinogen and decrease photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, these results indicate that herbicides can affect the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes even in transgenic, herbicide-resistant plants.
{"title":"Enzymatic antioxidant defense system and ALA-D enzyme activity in soybean Enlist™ line","authors":"Ani Carla Concato, W. A. Tamagno, C. Alves, Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo, A. P. Vanin, L. Vargas, R. Kaizer, L. Galon","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220010","url":null,"abstract":": Enlist™ technology confers resistance to 2,4-D herbicides, glyphosate, and ammonium glufosinate for soybeans. However, the application of herbicides to plants can generate stress, even in resistant crops. Thus, here we evaluated whether the application of herbicides in transgenic soybean farms, resistant to these herbicides, adversely affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and porphobilinogen formation by delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. At seven days after herbicide application, the aerial part of the plants was collected and used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase, such as lipid peroxidation levels and the activity of the ALA-D enzyme. At seven days after herbicide application, the aerial part of plants was collect and used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the ALA-D enzyme. The activity of important antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in the soybean cultivar with the Enlist™ technology, while no severe damage to lipids was detected. However, the activity of ALA-D was inhibited, which could potentially impair the formation of porphobilinogen and decrease photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, these results indicate that herbicides can affect the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes even in transgenic, herbicide-resistant plants.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220016
R. H. Fernandes, D. Silva, F. T. Delazari, C. E. Vital, E. A. Lopes
: Anatomical, physiological, and biochemical analyses have been performed to predict graft compatibility. We analyzed if the concentrations of auxins, jasmonic acid, gibberellins, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, zeatin (cytokinin), salicylic acid, and abscisic acid could be used as predictors of compatibility between the rootstocks FOX1 and FOX4 (resistant to Fusarium wilt) and the scion of cherry tomatoes Sweet Heaven (SH). Self-grafted (SH/SH) and ungrafted SH plants (SH) were used as controls. Hormonal analyses were performed on leaves, at 20 and 70 days after grafting (DAG), and roots, at 20 DAG. No expressive concentrations of auxins, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid were detected. The concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the immediate precursor of ethylene, and zeatin were altered at 20 DAG, but they stabilized at 70 DAG. Salicylic acid levels were reduced in the leaves of grafted plants at 70 DAG. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves of SH grafted onto FOX1 was higher than in ungrafted and self-grafted plants at 70 DAG, suggesting some degree of incompatibility between these genotypes. The concentration of ABA in the combination FOX4/SH was similar to that in the self-grafted plants. Abscisic acid might be used as a reference phytohormone to predict graft compatibility among tomato genotypes.
{"title":"Is hormonal analysis a predictive tool for grafting success in tomato?","authors":"R. H. Fernandes, D. Silva, F. T. Delazari, C. E. Vital, E. A. Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220016","url":null,"abstract":": Anatomical, physiological, and biochemical analyses have been performed to predict graft compatibility. We analyzed if the concentrations of auxins, jasmonic acid, gibberellins, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, zeatin (cytokinin), salicylic acid, and abscisic acid could be used as predictors of compatibility between the rootstocks FOX1 and FOX4 (resistant to Fusarium wilt) and the scion of cherry tomatoes Sweet Heaven (SH). Self-grafted (SH/SH) and ungrafted SH plants (SH) were used as controls. Hormonal analyses were performed on leaves, at 20 and 70 days after grafting (DAG), and roots, at 20 DAG. No expressive concentrations of auxins, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid were detected. The concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the immediate precursor of ethylene, and zeatin were altered at 20 DAG, but they stabilized at 70 DAG. Salicylic acid levels were reduced in the leaves of grafted plants at 70 DAG. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves of SH grafted onto FOX1 was higher than in ungrafted and self-grafted plants at 70 DAG, suggesting some degree of incompatibility between these genotypes. The concentration of ABA in the combination FOX4/SH was similar to that in the self-grafted plants. Abscisic acid might be used as a reference phytohormone to predict graft compatibility among tomato genotypes.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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