Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200459
Cíntia Caroline Gouveia da Silva, É. Medeiros, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, A. P. Martins Filho, J. R. D. Lima, G. P. Duda, D. P. Costa, M. A. Lira Junior, C. Hammecker
Biochar is a material produced by the pyrolysis of agro-industrial waste, which has become one of the most promising management tools to improve soil quality. The aim was to determine the effects of incorporating biochar from different coffee wastes in sandy soil, cropped with maize, on soil chemical and microbial attributes. The experiment followed a factorial design 2 × 3 + 1 with two types of biochar, including coffee ground (CG) or coffee husk (CH) in 3 doses (4, 8, and 16 t·ha-1) and a control fertilized solely with bovine manure (3 t·ha-1). The variables analyzed were soil organic carbon, chemical attributes, microbial biomass (C, N and P), soil basal respiration and microbial gene abundance (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and nifH gene). Most chemical attributes were strongly increased by CH application, while CG at 8 t·ha-1 increased the soil C:N ratio (3.5 times), P (2.1 times) and K+ (7.9 times) and at 4 t·ha-1 increased the C content, microbial biomass C and N (3, 2.1 and 1.6 times, respectively). The application of CG biochar at 16 t·ha-1 showed trend to increase the abundance of bacteria, fungi and diazotrophic genes (11, 10 and 2%, respectively). Contribution of both coffee biochar types, but mainly CH, was more effective than the soil that received organic manure alone. Biochar from coffee wastes is a promising tool to improve sandy soil quality.
{"title":"Coffee waste as an eco-friendly and low-cost alternative for biochar production impacts on sandy soil chemical attributes and microbial gene abundance","authors":"Cíntia Caroline Gouveia da Silva, É. Medeiros, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, A. P. Martins Filho, J. R. D. Lima, G. P. Duda, D. P. Costa, M. A. Lira Junior, C. Hammecker","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200459","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a material produced by the pyrolysis of agro-industrial waste, which has become one of the most promising management tools to improve soil quality. The aim was to determine the effects of incorporating biochar from different coffee wastes in sandy soil, cropped with maize, on soil chemical and microbial attributes. The experiment followed a factorial design 2 × 3 + 1 with two types of biochar, including coffee ground (CG) or coffee husk (CH) in 3 doses (4, 8, and 16 t·ha-1) and a control fertilized solely with bovine manure (3 t·ha-1). The variables analyzed were soil organic carbon, chemical attributes, microbial biomass (C, N and P), soil basal respiration and microbial gene abundance (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and nifH gene). Most chemical attributes were strongly increased by CH application, while CG at 8 t·ha-1 increased the soil C:N ratio (3.5 times), P (2.1 times) and K+ (7.9 times) and at 4 t·ha-1 increased the C content, microbial biomass C and N (3, 2.1 and 1.6 times, respectively). The application of CG biochar at 16 t·ha-1 showed trend to increase the abundance of bacteria, fungi and diazotrophic genes (11, 10 and 2%, respectively). Contribution of both coffee biochar types, but mainly CH, was more effective than the soil that received organic manure alone. Biochar from coffee wastes is a promising tool to improve sandy soil quality.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67472972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210046
D. Gomes, G. Maciel, A. Siquieroli, C. Oliveira, R. R. Finzi, D. J. Marques
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic divergence and select BC1F3 populations of dwarf tomato plant within the Santa Cruz segment by computational intelligence techniques. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Vegetable Crop Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with 17 treatments and four replications. The genetic material evaluated comprised thirteen dwarf tomato plant populations obtained by a backcross and two self-fertilizations, plus both parents (recurrent and donor), and two commercial check varieties. The traits evaluated were mean fruit weight (MFW), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), fruit shape (FS), pulp thickness (PT), number of locules (NL), distance between internodes, and acylsugar, β-carotene, and lycopene content. The data were analyzed by means testing, and genetic divergence was measured using Mahalanobis generalized distance by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and through computational intelligence using Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM). Genetic dissimilarity in relation to the donor parent could be confirmed through both methodologies. However, the SOM was able to detect differences and organize the similarities among the populations in a more consistent manner, resulting in a larger number of groups. In addition, the computational intelligence techniques allow the weight of each variable in formation of the groups to be ascertained. Among the BC1F3 populations, UFU-SC#3 and UFU-SC#5 stood out for agronomic traits, and UFU-SC#10 and UFU-SC#11 stood out for quality parameters.
{"title":"Selection of BC1F3 populations of Santa Cruz type dwarf tomato plant by computational intelligence techniques","authors":"D. Gomes, G. Maciel, A. Siquieroli, C. Oliveira, R. R. Finzi, D. J. Marques","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210046","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate genetic divergence and select BC1F3 populations of dwarf tomato plant within the Santa Cruz segment by computational intelligence techniques. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Vegetable Crop Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with 17 treatments and four replications. The genetic material evaluated comprised thirteen dwarf tomato plant populations obtained by a backcross and two self-fertilizations, plus both parents (recurrent and donor), and two commercial check varieties. The traits evaluated were mean fruit weight (MFW), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), fruit shape (FS), pulp thickness (PT), number of locules (NL), distance between internodes, and acylsugar, β-carotene, and lycopene content. The data were analyzed by means testing, and genetic divergence was measured using Mahalanobis generalized distance by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and through computational intelligence using Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM). Genetic dissimilarity in relation to the donor parent could be confirmed through both methodologies. However, the SOM was able to detect differences and organize the similarities among the populations in a more consistent manner, resulting in a larger number of groups. In addition, the computational intelligence techniques allow the weight of each variable in formation of the groups to be ascertained. Among the BC1F3 populations, UFU-SC#3 and UFU-SC#5 stood out for agronomic traits, and UFU-SC#10 and UFU-SC#11 stood out for quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210118
J. Pinto, D. P. Sousa, H. Nunes, Everaldo Barreiros de Souz, J. P. Melo-Abreu, Adriano Marlisom Leão Sousa, P. Souza
: The climate risk zoning was carried out for cowpea cultivated in northeastern Amazonia, Pará state, Brazil. Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques (SARRA) crop model was used and calibrated from data obtained in field experiments conducted between 2013 and 2016 in Castanhal, state of Pará. Low climate risk areas were defined as those with water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) greater than or equal to 0.5 during flowering and early grain development and less than 20 mm of total rainfall during grain maturation and harvest for at least 80% of the simulated sowings of the crop. Simulations of the current and future climate conditions were carried out with the regional climate modelling system version 4 (RegCM4) nested with the HadGEM2 global circulation model with RCP 4.5 IPCC-AR4 scenario. The results show that climate changes are likely to reduce the duration of the optimal period for sowing cowpea in the mentioned region.
{"title":"Impacts of climate changes on risk zoning for cowpea in the Amazonian tropical conditions","authors":"J. Pinto, D. P. Sousa, H. Nunes, Everaldo Barreiros de Souz, J. P. Melo-Abreu, Adriano Marlisom Leão Sousa, P. Souza","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210118","url":null,"abstract":": The climate risk zoning was carried out for cowpea cultivated in northeastern Amazonia, Pará state, Brazil. Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques (SARRA) crop model was used and calibrated from data obtained in field experiments conducted between 2013 and 2016 in Castanhal, state of Pará. Low climate risk areas were defined as those with water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) greater than or equal to 0.5 during flowering and early grain development and less than 20 mm of total rainfall during grain maturation and harvest for at least 80% of the simulated sowings of the crop. Simulations of the current and future climate conditions were carried out with the regional climate modelling system version 4 (RegCM4) nested with the HadGEM2 global circulation model with RCP 4.5 IPCC-AR4 scenario. The results show that climate changes are likely to reduce the duration of the optimal period for sowing cowpea in the mentioned region.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210159
Ruan Carnier, A. Coscione, Douglas Delaqua, C. A. Abreu
The agricultural use of biochar has been the focus of much research in the last decade due to the improvement of soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes. Nonetheless, Brazil still has no specific legislation for biochar, limiting its agricultural use. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the use of biochar produced from spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee parchment (CP) by slow pyrolysis at 700 °C according to the existing framework of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) legislation for organic fertilizer, soil conditioner or plant substrate. Biochar was characterized according to normative instructions No. 17, 31, 61, 7, 5 and 35. Although not required by the addressed legislation, the semitotal content of macroand micronutrients was also determined. While CP biochar could be used as an organic fertilizer or plant substrate, SCG biochar, due to its higher Ni content and lower than required cation exchange capacity (CEC), did not meet MAPA legislation criteria to allow for its agricultural use. Future regulations can be based on the current standards, and structural attributes, such as total C content, particle size distribution, and complete macroand micronutrient determination should be included. Further research may also indicate the viability of biochar use as a soil conditioner based on a more representative set of biomasses with a higher CEC. These considerations will help to take advantage of the benefits of biochar to soil, contributing to a circular economy, which is still at a difficult stage in Brazil.
{"title":"Coffee industry waste-derived biochar: characterization and agricultural use evaluation according to Brazilian legislation","authors":"Ruan Carnier, A. Coscione, Douglas Delaqua, C. A. Abreu","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210159","url":null,"abstract":"The agricultural use of biochar has been the focus of much research in the last decade due to the improvement of soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes. Nonetheless, Brazil still has no specific legislation for biochar, limiting its agricultural use. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the use of biochar produced from spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee parchment (CP) by slow pyrolysis at 700 °C according to the existing framework of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) legislation for organic fertilizer, soil conditioner or plant substrate. Biochar was characterized according to normative instructions No. 17, 31, 61, 7, 5 and 35. Although not required by the addressed legislation, the semitotal content of macroand micronutrients was also determined. While CP biochar could be used as an organic fertilizer or plant substrate, SCG biochar, due to its higher Ni content and lower than required cation exchange capacity (CEC), did not meet MAPA legislation criteria to allow for its agricultural use. Future regulations can be based on the current standards, and structural attributes, such as total C content, particle size distribution, and complete macroand micronutrient determination should be included. Further research may also indicate the viability of biochar use as a soil conditioner based on a more representative set of biomasses with a higher CEC. These considerations will help to take advantage of the benefits of biochar to soil, contributing to a circular economy, which is still at a difficult stage in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200152
A. M. Einhardt, S. Ferreira, F. Rodrigues
Despite the crucial role of nickel (Ni) in the plant metabolism, small increases in its concentration can cause leaf tissues injury. This study identified the highest dose of Ni foliar-applied that does not cause toxicity to soybean plants. Plants were sprayed with five Ni doses (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 g·ha-1). At 1, 3, and 5 days after spray (DAS), the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and photosynthetic pigments concentrations, antioxidant enzymes activities, and gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters were determined. Symptoms of Ni toxicity started at 120 g·ha-1 Ni and intense foliar necrosis occurred at 3 DAS. The concentrations of O2 -, H2O2, and MDA were significantly higher by 49% at 3 DAS, 47% at 3 DAS, and 19% at 5 DAS, respectively, for plants sprayed with 120 g·ha-1 Ni and by 48% at 3 DAS, 48% at 3 DAS and 18% at 5 DAS, respectively, for plants sprayed with 240 g·ha-1 Ni. Higher antioxidant enzymes activities and lower Chl a and Chl b concentrations occurred for plants sprayed with either 120 and 240 g·ha-1 Ni compared to the other Ni doses. Decrease on energy destined to photochemical process [Y(II)] (8 and 8% at 5 DAS) and increase on the dissipation of energy by the nonregulated process [Y(NO)] (15 and 15% at 5 DAS) occurred for plants sprayed with 120 and 240 g·ha-1 Ni, respectively. The Ni doses above 120 g·ha-1 promoted oxidative stress to the plants and affected the functionality of their photosynthetic apparatus. Doses below 60 g·ha-1 had a low risk of toxicity to plants without causing any biochemical or physiological damage.
{"title":"Biochemical and physiological responses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to nickel toxicity","authors":"A. M. Einhardt, S. Ferreira, F. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200152","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the crucial role of nickel (Ni) in the plant metabolism, small increases in its concentration can cause leaf tissues injury. This study identified the highest dose of Ni foliar-applied that does not cause toxicity to soybean plants. Plants were sprayed with five Ni doses (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 g·ha-1). At 1, 3, and 5 days after spray (DAS), the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and photosynthetic pigments concentrations, antioxidant enzymes activities, and gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters were determined. Symptoms of Ni toxicity started at 120 g·ha-1 Ni and intense foliar necrosis occurred at 3 DAS. The concentrations of O2 -, H2O2, and MDA were significantly higher by 49% at 3 DAS, 47% at 3 DAS, and 19% at 5 DAS, respectively, for plants sprayed with 120 g·ha-1 Ni and by 48% at 3 DAS, 48% at 3 DAS and 18% at 5 DAS, respectively, for plants sprayed with 240 g·ha-1 Ni. Higher antioxidant enzymes activities and lower Chl a and Chl b concentrations occurred for plants sprayed with either 120 and 240 g·ha-1 Ni compared to the other Ni doses. Decrease on energy destined to photochemical process [Y(II)] (8 and 8% at 5 DAS) and increase on the dissipation of energy by the nonregulated process [Y(NO)] (15 and 15% at 5 DAS) occurred for plants sprayed with 120 and 240 g·ha-1 Ni, respectively. The Ni doses above 120 g·ha-1 promoted oxidative stress to the plants and affected the functionality of their photosynthetic apparatus. Doses below 60 g·ha-1 had a low risk of toxicity to plants without causing any biochemical or physiological damage.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67472136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200487
P. H. Cerutti, R. D. Melo, Jucimara Alves Silva, A. C. D. C. L. Fioreze, Silmar Primieri, A. F. Guidolin, J. Coimbra
Genetic variability is essential for gains in breeding programs. The cyclic process of progeny recombination is a strategy to raise the chances of selecting better genotype combinations. The objective of this study was to identify superior progenies between common bean genes groups in first recurrent selection cycle for root system traits. Parents of the Andean and Middle American gene groups were hybridized in a complete diallel scheme. Thereafter, the parents and F1 and F2 populations were planted in the field. To establish the base population of recurrent selection (C0), seven segregating populations (F2) with superior performance for root system were selected and intercrossed, resulting in recombinant progenies (C1). To estimate the selection gain, the parents and C0 and C1 genotypes were compared with regard to the following variables: total root length (TRL, cm), projected root area (PRA, cm2), root volume (VOL, cm3) and number of root tips (RT). The difference between genotype combinations indicates the presence of genetic variability and effectiveness of recurrent selection. The mean genetic progress for root system-related traits was 12.9% (TRL), 12.6% (PRA), 12% (VOL) and 11.5% (RT) in the first recombination cycle. The mean phenotypic performance of seven of the C1 progenies exceeded that of their parents for all root system traits. These progenies are promising as base populations of the next selection cycle.
{"title":"Identification of superior progenies between common bean gene groups for root system obtained by recurrent selection","authors":"P. H. Cerutti, R. D. Melo, Jucimara Alves Silva, A. C. D. C. L. Fioreze, Silmar Primieri, A. F. Guidolin, J. Coimbra","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200487","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variability is essential for gains in breeding programs. The cyclic process of progeny recombination is a strategy to raise the chances of selecting better genotype combinations. The objective of this study was to identify superior progenies between common bean genes groups in first recurrent selection cycle for root system traits. Parents of the Andean and Middle American gene groups were hybridized in a complete diallel scheme. Thereafter, the parents and F1 and F2 populations were planted in the field. To establish the base population of recurrent selection (C0), seven segregating populations (F2) with superior performance for root system were selected and intercrossed, resulting in recombinant progenies (C1). To estimate the selection gain, the parents and C0 and C1 genotypes were compared with regard to the following variables: total root length (TRL, cm), projected root area (PRA, cm2), root volume (VOL, cm3) and number of root tips (RT). The difference between genotype combinations indicates the presence of genetic variability and effectiveness of recurrent selection. The mean genetic progress for root system-related traits was 12.9% (TRL), 12.6% (PRA), 12% (VOL) and 11.5% (RT) in the first recombination cycle. The mean phenotypic performance of seven of the C1 progenies exceeded that of their parents for all root system traits. These progenies are promising as base populations of the next selection cycle.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67473381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200527
L. Teixeira, José Emílio Bettiol Neto, J. Sanches, R. Pio
The expansion of blackberry cropping in subtropical regions is recent, requiring adaptability studies and the development of new cultivars, as well as suitable plant management. Aiming to study adaptability and agronomic performance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical region, the response of four blackberry cultivars (‘BRS Tupy’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Brazos’ and ‘Choctaw’) to N and K fertilization was evaluated during two growing seasons in Jundiaí (Brazil). The experiment used split-plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plots consisted of combinations of three N rates (75, 150 and 300 kg·ha–1·year–1) and three K rates (50, 100 and 200 kg·ha–1·year–1 of K2O) in factorial arrangement and an additional control treatment without fertilizer application. In the subplots, four cultivars of blackberry were studied. Considering fruit yield, accumulation of phytomass and mineral elements, as well as the nutrient efficiency use, the cultivars that showed greater adaptation to cultivation in a subtropical area under drastic summer pruning management are ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘BRS Tupy’ and ‘Choctaw’, in that order. An annual application of 120 and 67 kg·ha–1 of N and K2O, respectively, is expected to be sufficient to achieve maximum economic yield.
{"title":"Blackberry cultivars, nitrogen and potassium fertilization under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical area","authors":"L. Teixeira, José Emílio Bettiol Neto, J. Sanches, R. Pio","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200527","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of blackberry cropping in subtropical regions is recent, requiring adaptability studies and the development of new cultivars, as well as suitable plant management. Aiming to study adaptability and agronomic performance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical region, the response of four blackberry cultivars (‘BRS Tupy’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Brazos’ and ‘Choctaw’) to N and K fertilization was evaluated during two growing seasons in Jundiaí (Brazil). The experiment used split-plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plots consisted of combinations of three N rates (75, 150 and 300 kg·ha–1·year–1) and three K rates (50, 100 and 200 kg·ha–1·year–1 of K2O) in factorial arrangement and an additional control treatment without fertilizer application. In the subplots, four cultivars of blackberry were studied. Considering fruit yield, accumulation of phytomass and mineral elements, as well as the nutrient efficiency use, the cultivars that showed greater adaptation to cultivation in a subtropical area under drastic summer pruning management are ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘BRS Tupy’ and ‘Choctaw’, in that order. An annual application of 120 and 67 kg·ha–1 of N and K2O, respectively, is expected to be sufficient to achieve maximum economic yield.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67473606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210067
Leandris Argentel-Martínez, O. Peñuelas-Rubio, José Aurelio Leyva Ponce, Tulio Arredondo, J. Garatuza‐Payán, E. Yépez
Based on climate change scenarios predicted for northwestern Mexico, an experiment was carried out during the 2016– 2017 and 2017–2018 crop cycles, under field conditions in wheat, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. The assay consisted on canopy temperature increase by + 2 °C with respect to ambient temperature, using a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system for temperature manipulation and control. This experiment aimed to determine the existing correlation among vegetative and reproductive variables that can result precise indicators of warming tolerance. A total of 30 variables divided into: morphological (6), physiological (7), biochemical (8) and agronomic (9) indicators were evaluated, using CIRNO C2008 cultivar as experimental model. For each variable, the response index, in a total of five repetition each year, was computed. Results indicated that, during the vegetative stages, the most precise variables for heat tolerance evaluation were: dry matter, vegetal vigor, water potential, nitrate reductase and transpiration indexes; while during the reproductive stage were: grain and biomass yield, spike mass and vain grain per spike indexes. There was a positive correlation among the most majority of vegetative and reproductive variables, being water and osmotic potential indexes those with the greatest contribution to biomass and grain yield. From the 30 evaluated variables, water and osmotic potential, transpiration, grain yield and field water use efficiency indexes were the most precise indicator of heat tolerance in CIRNO C2008 under canopy temperature increase in + 2 °C.
{"title":"Correlation among vegetative and reproductive variables in wheat under a climate change simulation","authors":"Leandris Argentel-Martínez, O. Peñuelas-Rubio, José Aurelio Leyva Ponce, Tulio Arredondo, J. Garatuza‐Payán, E. Yépez","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210067","url":null,"abstract":"Based on climate change scenarios predicted for northwestern Mexico, an experiment was carried out during the 2016– 2017 and 2017–2018 crop cycles, under field conditions in wheat, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. The assay consisted on canopy temperature increase by + 2 °C with respect to ambient temperature, using a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system for temperature manipulation and control. This experiment aimed to determine the existing correlation among vegetative and reproductive variables that can result precise indicators of warming tolerance. A total of 30 variables divided into: morphological (6), physiological (7), biochemical (8) and agronomic (9) indicators were evaluated, using CIRNO C2008 cultivar as experimental model. For each variable, the response index, in a total of five repetition each year, was computed. Results indicated that, during the vegetative stages, the most precise variables for heat tolerance evaluation were: dry matter, vegetal vigor, water potential, nitrate reductase and transpiration indexes; while during the reproductive stage were: grain and biomass yield, spike mass and vain grain per spike indexes. There was a positive correlation among the most majority of vegetative and reproductive variables, being water and osmotic potential indexes those with the greatest contribution to biomass and grain yield. From the 30 evaluated variables, water and osmotic potential, transpiration, grain yield and field water use efficiency indexes were the most precise indicator of heat tolerance in CIRNO C2008 under canopy temperature increase in + 2 °C.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210090
M. Véras, N. O. Araújo, M. N. S. Santos, J.P.J. Tello, F. F. D. Araújo, F. Finger
High incidence of sprouts and loss of quality of sweet potato is one of the negative aspects that compromises the commercialization most, and the methods of sprout control are still very limited. The appearance of sprouts promotes the wilting of sweet potato roots, reducing their commercialization period. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate sprout control and physiological and biochemical changes, in addition to the impact on the quality of postharvest chips in sweet potato roots cultivar BRS Cuia treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and nonanoic acid (NA). Roots were fogged with 10 μmol·L–1 MeJa or 5 μmol·L–1 NA applied at first sprout initiation and control. Physiological and biochemical alterations such as fresh weight loss assessment, sprouting incidence and sprout length, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, enzymatic peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, chips quality after frying were then assessed. Besides that, to determine the influence of treatments and storage periods, multivariate analysis was also performed using the main components. The MeJa reduced the incidence of sprouting and maintained the root quality during storage at room temperature. Notably, such events led to an increased both shelf life and potential of commercialization. Moreover, MeJa-treated chips displayed lighter color appearance after frying than control and NA-treated roots. Roots fogged with NA did not suppress the growth of sprouts, which consequently triggered a higher browning intensity in fried sweet potato chips.
{"title":"Methyl jasmonate controls sprouting incidence in stored sweet potatoes and preserves overall quality for fried chips","authors":"M. Véras, N. O. Araújo, M. N. S. Santos, J.P.J. Tello, F. F. D. Araújo, F. Finger","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210090","url":null,"abstract":"High incidence of sprouts and loss of quality of sweet potato is one of the negative aspects that compromises the commercialization most, and the methods of sprout control are still very limited. The appearance of sprouts promotes the wilting of sweet potato roots, reducing their commercialization period. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate sprout control and physiological and biochemical changes, in addition to the impact on the quality of postharvest chips in sweet potato roots cultivar BRS Cuia treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and nonanoic acid (NA). Roots were fogged with 10 μmol·L–1 MeJa or 5 μmol·L–1 NA applied at first sprout initiation and control. Physiological and biochemical alterations such as fresh weight loss assessment, sprouting incidence and sprout length, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, enzymatic peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, chips quality after frying were then assessed. Besides that, to determine the influence of treatments and storage periods, multivariate analysis was also performed using the main components. The MeJa reduced the incidence of sprouting and maintained the root quality during storage at room temperature. Notably, such events led to an increased both shelf life and potential of commercialization. Moreover, MeJa-treated chips displayed lighter color appearance after frying than control and NA-treated roots. Roots fogged with NA did not suppress the growth of sprouts, which consequently triggered a higher browning intensity in fried sweet potato chips.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200176
J. Honorato Júnior, D. Debona, L. Zambolim, F. Rodrigues
This study investigated the effect of different phosphites on the control of coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix, considered the major disease affecting coffee yield worldwide. Three-month-old coffee plants were sprayed with two doses each of the phosphite solutions (standard and double), as follows: K (40% P2O5; 1.5 and 3 mL·L -1), K (30% P2O5; 3 and 6 mL·L -1), Cu (2.5 and 5 mL·L1), Mn+Zn (3 and 6 mL·L-1) and Na (3 and 6 mL·L-1) 24 h before being inoculated with H. vastatrix. Leaves were not washed or washed with deionized water after the foliar phosphites spray. Plants sprayed with water served as the control treatment. Inoculation was performed on the abaxial side of the first pair of expanded leaves using a camel hairbrush with a suspension of urediniospores (1 mg per leaf). All phosphites applied at the standard doses (from 1.5 to 3 mL·L-1) reduced the total number of pustules (TNP) per leaf by 28-69% regardless of washing treatment. The biggest reductions were observed for Cu phosphite, which decreased the TNP per leaf by 60 and 69% without and with leaf washing, respectively. A similar trend was observed when the double doses of phosphites (from 3 to 6 mL·L-1) were used, though Na phosphite without leaf washing and Mn/Zn phosphite without and with leaf washing were not efficient to reduce the TNP per leaf. Without leaf washing, only Cu and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity at the standard doses (53-61%), whereas all phosphites, except the Mn/ Zn phosphite, reduced CLR severity at the double dose. The CLR severity was decreased using K 30%, K 40% and Cu phosphites when applied at the standard doses with leaf washing (41-59%). With double doses, only Cu and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity by 55% for both treatments. In conclusion, the efficiency of the phosphites for CLR control varied according to the accompanying cation, dose and washing conditions. The Cu phosphite resulted in the best CLR control regardless of the dose used and the washing conditions.
{"title":"Factors influencing the performance of phosphites on the control of coffee leaf rust","authors":"J. Honorato Júnior, D. Debona, L. Zambolim, F. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20200176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200176","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of different phosphites on the control of coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix, considered the major disease affecting coffee yield worldwide. Three-month-old coffee plants were sprayed with two doses each of the phosphite solutions (standard and double), as follows: K (40% P2O5; 1.5 and 3 mL·L -1), K (30% P2O5; 3 and 6 mL·L -1), Cu (2.5 and 5 mL·L1), Mn+Zn (3 and 6 mL·L-1) and Na (3 and 6 mL·L-1) 24 h before being inoculated with H. vastatrix. Leaves were not washed or washed with deionized water after the foliar phosphites spray. Plants sprayed with water served as the control treatment. Inoculation was performed on the abaxial side of the first pair of expanded leaves using a camel hairbrush with a suspension of urediniospores (1 mg per leaf). All phosphites applied at the standard doses (from 1.5 to 3 mL·L-1) reduced the total number of pustules (TNP) per leaf by 28-69% regardless of washing treatment. The biggest reductions were observed for Cu phosphite, which decreased the TNP per leaf by 60 and 69% without and with leaf washing, respectively. A similar trend was observed when the double doses of phosphites (from 3 to 6 mL·L-1) were used, though Na phosphite without leaf washing and Mn/Zn phosphite without and with leaf washing were not efficient to reduce the TNP per leaf. Without leaf washing, only Cu and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity at the standard doses (53-61%), whereas all phosphites, except the Mn/ Zn phosphite, reduced CLR severity at the double dose. The CLR severity was decreased using K 30%, K 40% and Cu phosphites when applied at the standard doses with leaf washing (41-59%). With double doses, only Cu and Na phosphites decreased CLR severity by 55% for both treatments. In conclusion, the efficiency of the phosphites for CLR control varied according to the accompanying cation, dose and washing conditions. The Cu phosphite resulted in the best CLR control regardless of the dose used and the washing conditions.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67472187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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