Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220194
E. C. Guzzo, J. D. Vendramim, O. M. B. Corrêa, A. Lourenção
The Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) has become one of the main pests of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae) worldwide. The association of resistant bean varieties with botanical insecticides has a great potential for controlling the pest, but it has been little studied so far. Therefore, the present study aimed at selecting a botanical insecticide and evaluating its combined effect with an arcelin-bearing common bean resistant genotype against Z. subfasciatus. We evaluated three botanical insecticides, the rotenone-based Roteline® and the neem-based NeemSeto® and NeemPro®, on the development of the insect. NeemPro® was the most effective, presenting ovicidal effect and prolonging egg-to-adult period, being selected for the following bioassay. Then we evaluated the effect of NeemPro® combined with the resistant common bean genotype IAC 818 (RAZ-59) on some biological parameters of the pest. The most severe effects on Z. subfasciatus were caused by the resistant genotype. However, significant effects in some parameters of the pest were also verified for the botanical insecticide and for its combination with this resistance type/trait in the conditions of the experiment.
{"title":"Combining host plant resistance and botanical insecticide for the management of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in common bean","authors":"E. C. Guzzo, J. D. Vendramim, O. M. B. Corrêa, A. Lourenção","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220194","url":null,"abstract":"The Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) has become one of the main pests of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae) worldwide. The association of resistant bean varieties with botanical insecticides has a great potential for controlling the pest, but it has been little studied so far. Therefore, the present study aimed at selecting a botanical insecticide and evaluating its combined effect with an arcelin-bearing common bean resistant genotype against Z. subfasciatus. We evaluated three botanical insecticides, the rotenone-based Roteline® and the neem-based NeemSeto® and NeemPro®, on the development of the insect. NeemPro® was the most effective, presenting ovicidal effect and prolonging egg-to-adult period, being selected for the following bioassay. Then we evaluated the effect of NeemPro® combined with the resistant common bean genotype IAC 818 (RAZ-59) on some biological parameters of the pest. The most severe effects on Z. subfasciatus were caused by the resistant genotype. However, significant effects in some parameters of the pest were also verified for the botanical insecticide and for its combination with this resistance type/trait in the conditions of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220207
Cristiane Calaboni, R. Kluge, Ana Paula Preczenhak, C. F. Mattiuz
Cut flowers are known for their beauty and variety of colors and shapes. However, they quickly lose their commercial value after harvest due to the intensity of physiological processes that result in senescence. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of bioregulators on the postharvest longevity of lisianthus flowers (Eustoma grandiflorum cv. Flare Deep Rose) by applying a pulsing solution for 24 hours. The treatments consisted of 70 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); 5 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3); 10 μM of abscisic acid (ABA); and deionized water as control. Turgidity, floral development, total and reducing sugar contents, respiration rate, colorimetry, anthocyanin contents, phenolic compound contents, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity were evaluated. BAP resulted in higher PAL enzyme activity and greater accumulation of anthocyanins when compared to the other treatments. The treatment GA3 resulted in the highest increase in respiration rate during storage, causing a larger number of inflorescences with wilting and senescence symptoms, reducing postharvest quality. The treatment ABA resulted in greater turgidity and floral opening, delayed senescence, and maintained respiration rate due to the greater total sugar contents on the fourth and 12th days. The application of ABA contributes to the maintenance of inflorescence quality for lisianthus at postharvest, but it reduces anthocyanin contents, providing petals with lighter colors.
{"title":"Postharvest conservation of lisianthus inflorescences with bioregulators","authors":"Cristiane Calaboni, R. Kluge, Ana Paula Preczenhak, C. F. Mattiuz","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220207","url":null,"abstract":"Cut flowers are known for their beauty and variety of colors and shapes. However, they quickly lose their commercial value after harvest due to the intensity of physiological processes that result in senescence. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of bioregulators on the postharvest longevity of lisianthus flowers (Eustoma grandiflorum cv. Flare Deep Rose) by applying a pulsing solution for 24 hours. The treatments consisted of 70 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); 5 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3); 10 μM of abscisic acid (ABA); and deionized water as control. Turgidity, floral development, total and reducing sugar contents, respiration rate, colorimetry, anthocyanin contents, phenolic compound contents, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity were evaluated. BAP resulted in higher PAL enzyme activity and greater accumulation of anthocyanins when compared to the other treatments. The treatment GA3 resulted in the highest increase in respiration rate during storage, causing a larger number of inflorescences with wilting and senescence symptoms, reducing postharvest quality. The treatment ABA resulted in greater turgidity and floral opening, delayed senescence, and maintained respiration rate due to the greater total sugar contents on the fourth and 12th days. The application of ABA contributes to the maintenance of inflorescence quality for lisianthus at postharvest, but it reduces anthocyanin contents, providing petals with lighter colors.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220161
A. P. Silveira, Fabrício Sales Massafera Tristão, Ana Olívia Fernandes, S. A. L. Andrade, Mateus Aparecido Pereira Cipriano
Coffee seedlings are commonly produced on substrate composed of a mixture of soil and cattle manure, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Alternatives to reduce production costs and produce seedlings of greater quality and health include the use of commercial organic substrates, which require less handling. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be considered a good alternative for production of more vigorous coffee seedlings. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of AMF isolates on coffee seedlings development in a commercial organic substrate (based on coconut fiber) and conventional substrate (mixture composed of soil and cattle manure compost). Ten AMF were tested: Rhizophagus irregularis, Glomus macrocarpum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, Glomus spp., Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora spp., and Dentiscutata heterogamma. Plant growth, shoot P content, mycorrhizal colonization, extraradical mycelium length, phosphatase activity, and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The effects of mycorrhization depended on both the inoculated fungal species and the substrate for seedling cultivation. Inoculation of G. margarita, Acaulospora spp., and Glomus spp. in the conventional substrate conferred the best growth plant responses, increasing shoot biomass by 160 to 320%. In the commercial substrate, the most efficient AMF were R. clarus, Glomus spp, A. morrowiae and A. scrobiculata, with up to 149% of shoot biomass increase. The commercial organic substrate and the inoculation of some of the AMF isolates were highly beneficial to coffee seedlings development and can replace the use of the conventional substrate. These results open new opportunities for the use of AMF as an inoculant to improve coffee seedling production in commercial organic substrates.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation for coffee seedling production with commercial and conventional substrates","authors":"A. P. Silveira, Fabrício Sales Massafera Tristão, Ana Olívia Fernandes, S. A. L. Andrade, Mateus Aparecido Pereira Cipriano","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220161","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee seedlings are commonly produced on substrate composed of a mixture of soil and cattle manure, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Alternatives to reduce production costs and produce seedlings of greater quality and health include the use of commercial organic substrates, which require less handling. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be considered a good alternative for production of more vigorous coffee seedlings. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of AMF isolates on coffee seedlings development in a commercial organic substrate (based on coconut fiber) and conventional substrate (mixture composed of soil and cattle manure compost). Ten AMF were tested: Rhizophagus irregularis, Glomus macrocarpum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, Glomus spp., Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora spp., and Dentiscutata heterogamma. Plant growth, shoot P content, mycorrhizal colonization, extraradical mycelium length, phosphatase activity, and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The effects of mycorrhization depended on both the inoculated fungal species and the substrate for seedling cultivation. Inoculation of G. margarita, Acaulospora spp., and Glomus spp. in the conventional substrate conferred the best growth plant responses, increasing shoot biomass by 160 to 320%. In the commercial substrate, the most efficient AMF were R. clarus, Glomus spp, A. morrowiae and A. scrobiculata, with up to 149% of shoot biomass increase. The commercial organic substrate and the inoculation of some of the AMF isolates were highly beneficial to coffee seedlings development and can replace the use of the conventional substrate. These results open new opportunities for the use of AMF as an inoculant to improve coffee seedling production in commercial organic substrates.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220254
C. M. Silva, H. Mezzomo, João Paulo Oliveira Ribeiro, Davi Soares de Freitas, M. Nardino
The immediate need for the increase in wheat production to meet the future world demand, associated with the occurrence of drastic climatic events, such as drought, makes it necessary to develop drought-resilient genotypes. The aims of this work were to evaluate the use of drought-tolerance indices for the selection of wheat genotypes, to compare the genetic gains in grain yield using different selection strategies by means of a multi-trait index, and to select superior drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. The total of 31 tropical wheat lines was evaluated in two experiments. Five agronomic traits were accessed. The grain yield data from the stress and nonstress experiments were used to obtain five drought-tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis, and four selection scenarios were designed. There was a significant effect of genotype for all traits. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices in the selection index provided superior genetic gains in drought condition. Seven lines were selected due the high frequency of favorable alleles for drought-tolerance and other important agronomic traits. Drought-tolerance indices are appropriate for characterizing the response of wheat genotypes to droughtstress. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices along with agronomic traits in multi-trait selection strategies provides for superior gains in grain yield compared to the non-inclusion of the indices.
{"title":"Multi-trait selection of wheat lines under drought-stress condition","authors":"C. M. Silva, H. Mezzomo, João Paulo Oliveira Ribeiro, Davi Soares de Freitas, M. Nardino","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220254","url":null,"abstract":"The immediate need for the increase in wheat production to meet the future world demand, associated with the occurrence of drastic climatic events, such as drought, makes it necessary to develop drought-resilient genotypes. The aims of this work were to evaluate the use of drought-tolerance indices for the selection of wheat genotypes, to compare the genetic gains in grain yield using different selection strategies by means of a multi-trait index, and to select superior drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. The total of 31 tropical wheat lines was evaluated in two experiments. Five agronomic traits were accessed. The grain yield data from the stress and nonstress experiments were used to obtain five drought-tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis, and four selection scenarios were designed. There was a significant effect of genotype for all traits. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices in the selection index provided superior genetic gains in drought condition. Seven lines were selected due the high frequency of favorable alleles for drought-tolerance and other important agronomic traits. Drought-tolerance indices are appropriate for characterizing the response of wheat genotypes to droughtstress. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices along with agronomic traits in multi-trait selection strategies provides for superior gains in grain yield compared to the non-inclusion of the indices.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67480029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220157
Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, W. M. Moura, L. Torres, I. G. Santos, Michele Jorge da Silva, C. F. Azevedo, C. Cruz
: Identifying Coffea arabica cultivars that are more efficient in the use of nitrogen is an important strategy and a necessity in the context of environmental and economic impacts attributed to excessive nitrogen fertilization. Although Coffea arabica breeding data have a multi-trait structure, they are often analyzed under a single trait structure. Thus, the objectives of this study were to use a Bayesian multitrait model, to estimate heritability in the broad sense, and to select arabica coffee cultivars with better genetic potential (desirable agronomic traits) in nitrogen-restricted cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 20 arabica coffee cultivars grown in a nutrient solution with low-nitrogen content (1.5 mM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with three replications. Six agromorphological traits of the arabica coffee breeding program and five nutritional efficiency indices were used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was used to estimate genetic parameters and genetic values. The agromorphological traits were considered highly heritable, with a credibility interval (95% probability):〖 H 2 = 0.9538 – 5.89E-01. The Bayesian multitrait model presents an adequate strategy for the genetic improvement of arabica coffee grown in low-nitrogen concentrations. Coffee arabica cultivars Icatu Precoce 3282, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15, Caturra Vermelho and Obatã IAC 1669/20 demonstrated greater potential for cultivation in low-nitrogen concentration.
{"title":"Multiple-trait model by Bayesian inference applied to environment efficient Coffea arabica with low-nitrogen nutrient","authors":"Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, W. M. Moura, L. Torres, I. G. Santos, Michele Jorge da Silva, C. F. Azevedo, C. Cruz","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220157","url":null,"abstract":": Identifying Coffea arabica cultivars that are more efficient in the use of nitrogen is an important strategy and a necessity in the context of environmental and economic impacts attributed to excessive nitrogen fertilization. Although Coffea arabica breeding data have a multi-trait structure, they are often analyzed under a single trait structure. Thus, the objectives of this study were to use a Bayesian multitrait model, to estimate heritability in the broad sense, and to select arabica coffee cultivars with better genetic potential (desirable agronomic traits) in nitrogen-restricted cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 20 arabica coffee cultivars grown in a nutrient solution with low-nitrogen content (1.5 mM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with three replications. Six agromorphological traits of the arabica coffee breeding program and five nutritional efficiency indices were used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was used to estimate genetic parameters and genetic values. The agromorphological traits were considered highly heritable, with a credibility interval (95% probability):〖 H 2 = 0.9538 – 5.89E-01. The Bayesian multitrait model presents an adequate strategy for the genetic improvement of arabica coffee grown in low-nitrogen concentrations. Coffee arabica cultivars Icatu Precoce 3282, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15, Caturra Vermelho and Obatã IAC 1669/20 demonstrated greater potential for cultivation in low-nitrogen concentration.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220177
N. Rosli, Rosazlin Abdullah, J. S. Yaacob, Raja Balqis Raja Razali
: Hydroponic is a technique of growing plants in a soilless medium by using a sponge, rock wool, hydroton, coconut coir, and perlite as an alternative for crop production systems. Recently, biochar has been reported to be a potential substrate for hydroponic cultivation techniques due to its physicochemical properties which can help increase vegetable production. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar as hydroponic substrate on the growth, colour and nutritional content of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This study utilized the nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system and was conducted using a randomized complete block design with five treatments, including T1 (hydroton only), T2 (perlite only), T3 (palm kernel biochar), T4 (palm kernel biochar + hydroton), and T5 (palm kernel biochar + perlite). Data analysis revealed the treatment, which consists of both palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) resulted in a significant increase in plant growth and yielded the highest plant height (19.86 cm), leaf width (14.16 cm), plant fresh weight (68.19 g), and dry weight (8.29 g). The leaves nutrient content (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) of red lettuce grown in palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) substrates suggested the presence of optimal growth conditions for ensuring optimum yield with high quality. The application of palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) as substrate also showed a higher lightness value (L* = 66.67). Besides, the methanolic leaf extracts from the red lettuce grown in palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) showed the highest bioactive metabolite content. In addition, the application of palm kernel biochar (T3) as a hydroponic substrate decreased the algal density in the nutrient solution. In conclusion, the combination of palm kernel biochar and hydroton as a substrate was observed to be the best in enhancing the growth performance, colour, and nutritional content of red lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), and it is therefore recommended to be used as the growth substrate in the NFT system.
{"title":"Effect of biochar as a hydroponic substrate on growth, colour and nutritional content of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","authors":"N. Rosli, Rosazlin Abdullah, J. S. Yaacob, Raja Balqis Raja Razali","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220177","url":null,"abstract":": Hydroponic is a technique of growing plants in a soilless medium by using a sponge, rock wool, hydroton, coconut coir, and perlite as an alternative for crop production systems. Recently, biochar has been reported to be a potential substrate for hydroponic cultivation techniques due to its physicochemical properties which can help increase vegetable production. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar as hydroponic substrate on the growth, colour and nutritional content of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This study utilized the nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system and was conducted using a randomized complete block design with five treatments, including T1 (hydroton only), T2 (perlite only), T3 (palm kernel biochar), T4 (palm kernel biochar + hydroton), and T5 (palm kernel biochar + perlite). Data analysis revealed the treatment, which consists of both palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) resulted in a significant increase in plant growth and yielded the highest plant height (19.86 cm), leaf width (14.16 cm), plant fresh weight (68.19 g), and dry weight (8.29 g). The leaves nutrient content (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) of red lettuce grown in palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) substrates suggested the presence of optimal growth conditions for ensuring optimum yield with high quality. The application of palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) as substrate also showed a higher lightness value (L* = 66.67). Besides, the methanolic leaf extracts from the red lettuce grown in palm kernel biochar and hydroton (T4) showed the highest bioactive metabolite content. In addition, the application of palm kernel biochar (T3) as a hydroponic substrate decreased the algal density in the nutrient solution. In conclusion, the combination of palm kernel biochar and hydroton as a substrate was observed to be the best in enhancing the growth performance, colour, and nutritional content of red lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), and it is therefore recommended to be used as the growth substrate in the NFT system.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220111
L. Galon, A. A. D. Silva, Milena Barretta Franceschetti, C. Müller, S. Weirich, Janaíne Oliveira Toso, Rodrigo José Tonin, G. F. Perin
: Ryegrass and turnip are weeds that cause high yield losses when infesting barley, thus requiring adequate management. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of different herbicide treatments and weed control in the barley crop, cultivar BRS Cauê. Two field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments used were: pendimethalin (800 g · ha -1 ), sulfentrazone + diuron (175 + 350 g · ha -1 ), and imazaquim (150 g · ha -1 of a. e.) applied pre-emergence; and iodosulfuron (3.5 g · ha -1 ), pyroxsulam (18 g · ha -1 ), metsulfuron-methyl (3.96 g · ha -1 ), 2,4-D (670 g · ha -1 of a. e.), clodinafop-propargyl (48 g · ha -1 ), bentazon + imazamox (600 + 28 g · ha -1 ), saflufenacil (49 g · ha -1 ), bentazon (720 g · ha -1 ), carfentrazone-ethyl (120 g · ha -1 ), and imazamox (42 g · ha -1 ) applied post-emergence, with two controls (one weeded and the other infested). The use of the herbicide imazaquim caused high levels of phytotoxicity in barley. Gas exchange was less responsive to herbicide applications in relation to barley phytotoxicity and productivity. Clodinafop-propargil showed the best control of ryegrass, while the herbicides iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfurom-methyl, 2,4-D, bentazon + imazamox, saflufenacil, bentazon, carfentrazone-ethyl, and imazaquim showed high efficiency in the control of turnip species. Imazaquim caused reduction of up to 74.7% in barley grain yield. On the other hand, iodosulufuron and piroxsulam allowed the highest grain yields of the barley cultivar, BRS Cauê, by promoting partial control of ryegrass and total control of turnip species, followed by clodinafop-propargyl and metsulfuron-methyl, which controlled ryegrass and turnip, respectively, allowing an increase in yield grain in relation to the
{"title":"Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides applied on barley for weed control","authors":"L. Galon, A. A. D. Silva, Milena Barretta Franceschetti, C. Müller, S. Weirich, Janaíne Oliveira Toso, Rodrigo José Tonin, G. F. Perin","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220111","url":null,"abstract":": Ryegrass and turnip are weeds that cause high yield losses when infesting barley, thus requiring adequate management. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of different herbicide treatments and weed control in the barley crop, cultivar BRS Cauê. Two field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments used were: pendimethalin (800 g · ha -1 ), sulfentrazone + diuron (175 + 350 g · ha -1 ), and imazaquim (150 g · ha -1 of a. e.) applied pre-emergence; and iodosulfuron (3.5 g · ha -1 ), pyroxsulam (18 g · ha -1 ), metsulfuron-methyl (3.96 g · ha -1 ), 2,4-D (670 g · ha -1 of a. e.), clodinafop-propargyl (48 g · ha -1 ), bentazon + imazamox (600 + 28 g · ha -1 ), saflufenacil (49 g · ha -1 ), bentazon (720 g · ha -1 ), carfentrazone-ethyl (120 g · ha -1 ), and imazamox (42 g · ha -1 ) applied post-emergence, with two controls (one weeded and the other infested). The use of the herbicide imazaquim caused high levels of phytotoxicity in barley. Gas exchange was less responsive to herbicide applications in relation to barley phytotoxicity and productivity. Clodinafop-propargil showed the best control of ryegrass, while the herbicides iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfurom-methyl, 2,4-D, bentazon + imazamox, saflufenacil, bentazon, carfentrazone-ethyl, and imazaquim showed high efficiency in the control of turnip species. Imazaquim caused reduction of up to 74.7% in barley grain yield. On the other hand, iodosulufuron and piroxsulam allowed the highest grain yields of the barley cultivar, BRS Cauê, by promoting partial control of ryegrass and total control of turnip species, followed by clodinafop-propargyl and metsulfuron-methyl, which controlled ryegrass and turnip, respectively, allowing an increase in yield grain in relation to the","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220118
M. Sarfraz, A. Khaliq, M. M. Tahir, Sair Sarwar
: Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an environment friendly and ecologically adoptable approach of plant nutrition to sustain crop productivity and maintain soil fertility of fragile agricultural ecosystems. A three-year field experiment on saffron was conducted involving 12 fertilization regimes: control; urea (UN) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; poultry manure (PM) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; farmyard manure (FYM) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; PM 50 + FYM 50 ; UN 75 + PM 25 ; UN 50 + PM 50 ; UN 25 + PM 75 ; UN 75 + FYM 25 ; UN 50 + FYM 50 ; UN 25 + FYM 75 ; and UN 50 + PM 25 + FYM 25 . Results showed that PM alone and combined with 50% UN (UN 50 + PM 50 ) were effective compared to the controls in increasing the number of flowers (58%), flower dry weight (59%), stigma length (70%), dry weight of stigma (40%), number of daughter corms plant -1 (35%), and corm diameter (71%) of saffron over years. In addition, the same treatment combination increased corm weight (96%), corm yield (96%), and stigma yield (35%) over controls across the years. This treatment combination was followed by UN 50 + PM 25 + FYM 25 , while UN 50 alone did not perform at par to the rest of the fertilization regimes. These results showed that UN 50 + PM 50 might be developed as potent strategy for boosting the growth and yield (stigma and daughter corms yield) of saffron in temperate climatic conditions.
{"title":"Organo-mineral fertilization regimes trigger growth and stigma yield of temperate saffron (Crocus sativus L.)","authors":"M. Sarfraz, A. Khaliq, M. M. Tahir, Sair Sarwar","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220118","url":null,"abstract":": Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an environment friendly and ecologically adoptable approach of plant nutrition to sustain crop productivity and maintain soil fertility of fragile agricultural ecosystems. A three-year field experiment on saffron was conducted involving 12 fertilization regimes: control; urea (UN) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; poultry manure (PM) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; farmyard manure (FYM) = 100 kg · ha -1 ; PM 50 + FYM 50 ; UN 75 + PM 25 ; UN 50 + PM 50 ; UN 25 + PM 75 ; UN 75 + FYM 25 ; UN 50 + FYM 50 ; UN 25 + FYM 75 ; and UN 50 + PM 25 + FYM 25 . Results showed that PM alone and combined with 50% UN (UN 50 + PM 50 ) were effective compared to the controls in increasing the number of flowers (58%), flower dry weight (59%), stigma length (70%), dry weight of stigma (40%), number of daughter corms plant -1 (35%), and corm diameter (71%) of saffron over years. In addition, the same treatment combination increased corm weight (96%), corm yield (96%), and stigma yield (35%) over controls across the years. This treatment combination was followed by UN 50 + PM 25 + FYM 25 , while UN 50 alone did not perform at par to the rest of the fertilization regimes. These results showed that UN 50 + PM 50 might be developed as potent strategy for boosting the growth and yield (stigma and daughter corms yield) of saffron in temperate climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220189
K. Gómez, Vanessa Parra-González, J. Marín-Loaiza, Jesús Gil, D. Durango
: Isoflavonoid composition of freshly harvested soy sprouts of six cultivars grown in Colombia was analyzed. Evaluations on the effect of storage time at 12 °C and exogenous application of the elicitor 2,6-dichloro isonicotinic acid (INA) were carried out to establish their influence in the ability of soy sprouts for synthesizing isoflavonoids. In addition, elicited and non-elicited sprouts of soy cultivar Soy SK-7 was assessed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity according to the growth stage (VE, VC, and V1) and tissues (cotyledon-epicotyl and hypocotyl-root). Isoflavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were dependent on the cultivar, growth stage, tissue, and storage time at 12 °C. Growth stages VE and V1 and the hypocotyl-root exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In general, 6”-O -malonylgenistin, daidzin and genistin were the major constituents in the cultivars. Soy SK-7 and Panorama 358 displayed the highest amounts of 6”-O -malonylgenistin (155.9 µg/g) and daidzin (83.5 µg/g), respectively. Results showed that the isoflavonoids and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were significantly increased by application of INA. This information can be useful to produce soybean sprouts with increased amounts of bioactive compounds and improved response to abiotic and biotic stresses.
{"title":"Isoflavonoid composition and antioxidant activity on elicited and non-elicited sprouts of six soy cultivars grown in Colombia","authors":"K. Gómez, Vanessa Parra-González, J. Marín-Loaiza, Jesús Gil, D. Durango","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220189","url":null,"abstract":": Isoflavonoid composition of freshly harvested soy sprouts of six cultivars grown in Colombia was analyzed. Evaluations on the effect of storage time at 12 °C and exogenous application of the elicitor 2,6-dichloro isonicotinic acid (INA) were carried out to establish their influence in the ability of soy sprouts for synthesizing isoflavonoids. In addition, elicited and non-elicited sprouts of soy cultivar Soy SK-7 was assessed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity according to the growth stage (VE, VC, and V1) and tissues (cotyledon-epicotyl and hypocotyl-root). Isoflavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were dependent on the cultivar, growth stage, tissue, and storage time at 12 °C. Growth stages VE and V1 and the hypocotyl-root exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In general, 6”-O -malonylgenistin, daidzin and genistin were the major constituents in the cultivars. Soy SK-7 and Panorama 358 displayed the highest amounts of 6”-O -malonylgenistin (155.9 µg/g) and daidzin (83.5 µg/g), respectively. Results showed that the isoflavonoids and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were significantly increased by application of INA. This information can be useful to produce soybean sprouts with increased amounts of bioactive compounds and improved response to abiotic and biotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499-2023-0167
R. Pio, D. Farias, P. M. Peche, Rayane Barcelos Bisi, Lucídio Henrique Vote Fazenda, Alexandre Dias da Silva
: The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity.
{"title":"Production stability of pear cultivars for cultivation in the subtropical altitude climate","authors":"R. Pio, D. Farias, P. M. Peche, Rayane Barcelos Bisi, Lucídio Henrique Vote Fazenda, Alexandre Dias da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499-2023-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499-2023-0167","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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