Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210267
J. A. Oliveira, E. Santos, A. Viana, F. Walter, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro
: Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of guava ( Psidium guajava L.), a very promising fruit in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Despite this, no guava cultivar has been developed for the region. Thus, this study proposed to examine a population of guava full sibs using microsatellite markers and to identify which genotypes are the most divergent for future crosses, to select cultivars better adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of northern Rio Janeiro. Ninety-six superior genotypes were selected according to their agronomic traits, which were characterized using 45 microsatellite markers. The genetic distance between the analyzed genotypes, their clustering pattern and the genetic structure of the population were estimated. Hierarchical cluster analysis by the neighbor joining method indicated the formation of three distinct groups. The use of molecular information revealed the existence of moderate genetic variability between the genotypes of the full-sib families. Bayesian analysis separated the genotypes into only two groups, as the individuals shared most of the analyzed genomic regions. The most genetically divergent guava genotypes, that is, those allocated to different groups, such as genotypes 5 and 85, should be recommended for future crosses to obtain segregating populations, thus giving continuity to the guava breeding program.
{"title":"Genetic-molecular characterization in guava full-sib progeny","authors":"J. A. Oliveira, E. Santos, A. Viana, F. Walter, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210267","url":null,"abstract":": Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of guava ( Psidium guajava L.), a very promising fruit in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Despite this, no guava cultivar has been developed for the region. Thus, this study proposed to examine a population of guava full sibs using microsatellite markers and to identify which genotypes are the most divergent for future crosses, to select cultivars better adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of northern Rio Janeiro. Ninety-six superior genotypes were selected according to their agronomic traits, which were characterized using 45 microsatellite markers. The genetic distance between the analyzed genotypes, their clustering pattern and the genetic structure of the population were estimated. Hierarchical cluster analysis by the neighbor joining method indicated the formation of three distinct groups. The use of molecular information revealed the existence of moderate genetic variability between the genotypes of the full-sib families. Bayesian analysis separated the genotypes into only two groups, as the individuals shared most of the analyzed genomic regions. The most genetically divergent guava genotypes, that is, those allocated to different groups, such as genotypes 5 and 85, should be recommended for future crosses to obtain segregating populations, thus giving continuity to the guava breeding program.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210336
Adriana Bezerra dos Santos, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, M. A. Lira Junior
: Silvopastoral systems based on tree legumes intercropped with forage grasses can harbor a high diversity of rhizobia, and these bacteria are good indicators of soil quality in several management systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological, genetic and symbiotic diversity of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] rhizobia from soils under silvopastoral systems based on shrub-tree legumes. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, consisting of signalgrass ( Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with sabia ( Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia ); signalgrass intercropped with gliricidia ( Gliricidia sepium ) and single signalgrass. The samples were collected in the legume row (0 meter) and 4 and 8 meters away. Later, cowpea was used as a trap plant to capture the rhizobia. All strains were phenotypically characterized, authenticated, and genetically identified. Phenotypical characterization of the 431 isolates showed high diversity forming 69 groups at 100% similarity, of which 60 were able to nodulate cowpea during the authentication, and 36 presented relative efficiency superior or equal to the recommended bacteria for the crop. Most of the sequenced strains belonged to Bradyrhizobium (67%) and Methylobacterium (9%). Leifsonia (9%), Cohnella (6%), Rhizobium (3%), Burkholderia (3%), and Paenibacillus (3%) were also represented. Soils under silvopastoral systems harbor efficient rhizobia populations in cowpea with a high genetic diversity, which can be recommended for agronomic efficiency assays.
{"title":"Rhizobial diversity in shrub-tree legume-based silvopastoral systems","authors":"Adriana Bezerra dos Santos, G. Fracetto, F. Fracetto, M. A. Lira Junior","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210336","url":null,"abstract":": Silvopastoral systems based on tree legumes intercropped with forage grasses can harbor a high diversity of rhizobia, and these bacteria are good indicators of soil quality in several management systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological, genetic and symbiotic diversity of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] rhizobia from soils under silvopastoral systems based on shrub-tree legumes. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, consisting of signalgrass ( Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with sabia ( Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia ); signalgrass intercropped with gliricidia ( Gliricidia sepium ) and single signalgrass. The samples were collected in the legume row (0 meter) and 4 and 8 meters away. Later, cowpea was used as a trap plant to capture the rhizobia. All strains were phenotypically characterized, authenticated, and genetically identified. Phenotypical characterization of the 431 isolates showed high diversity forming 69 groups at 100% similarity, of which 60 were able to nodulate cowpea during the authentication, and 36 presented relative efficiency superior or equal to the recommended bacteria for the crop. Most of the sequenced strains belonged to Bradyrhizobium (67%) and Methylobacterium (9%). Leifsonia (9%), Cohnella (6%), Rhizobium (3%), Burkholderia (3%), and Paenibacillus (3%) were also represented. Soils under silvopastoral systems harbor efficient rhizobia populations in cowpea with a high genetic diversity, which can be recommended for agronomic efficiency assays.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67477633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220115
B. H. S. Mazaron, A. P. Coelho, C. Fernandes
: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of the soils by evaluating the variation of soil penetration resistance, resulting from tillage with chiseling in the planting row and in total area, and the possible interferences of the managements in sugarcane yield. The study was carried out in southeastern Brazil, in areas under Oxisol and Ultisol, which are the two soils with the greatest representativeness of sugarcane cultivation in the country. The treatments consisted of soil tillage in total area and localized tillage in the sugarcane planting row, with 10 replicates. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40-m soil layers in sugarcane rows and interrows in both soil types for penetration resistance determination in laboratory. Samplings were carried out at three times, the first after soil tillage, the second after sugarcane planting, and the third six months after planting. Compared to the system with tillage in total area, localized tillage promoted higher values of soil penetration resistance in sugarcane interrows. However, this was not enough to reduce the crop yield. In the planting row, there are no differences between tillage types for soil penetration resistance. Localized soil tillage in sugarcane crop is a conservation and sustainable alternative that can replace soil tillage in total area, not interfering in the PR determined in the crop row and not altering the stem yield, regardless of the soil type.
{"title":"Is localized soil tillage in the planting row a sustainable alternative for sugarcane cultivation?","authors":"B. H. S. Mazaron, A. P. Coelho, C. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220115","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of the soils by evaluating the variation of soil penetration resistance, resulting from tillage with chiseling in the planting row and in total area, and the possible interferences of the managements in sugarcane yield. The study was carried out in southeastern Brazil, in areas under Oxisol and Ultisol, which are the two soils with the greatest representativeness of sugarcane cultivation in the country. The treatments consisted of soil tillage in total area and localized tillage in the sugarcane planting row, with 10 replicates. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40-m soil layers in sugarcane rows and interrows in both soil types for penetration resistance determination in laboratory. Samplings were carried out at three times, the first after soil tillage, the second after sugarcane planting, and the third six months after planting. Compared to the system with tillage in total area, localized tillage promoted higher values of soil penetration resistance in sugarcane interrows. However, this was not enough to reduce the crop yield. In the planting row, there are no differences between tillage types for soil penetration resistance. Localized soil tillage in sugarcane crop is a conservation and sustainable alternative that can replace soil tillage in total area, not interfering in the PR determined in the crop row and not altering the stem yield, regardless of the soil type.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210221
I. Kahramanoğlu, Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı, V. Okatan, C. Wan
: The current research was carried out to test the effects of edible coatings (EC) enriched with laurel essential oil (EC+LEO) on the storability of strawberry ‘Camarosa’ fruits. Freshly harvested strawberry fruits were randomly separated into three groups and each group was treated with a different treatment, including EC, EC+LEO and control. Fruits were stored at 4.0 ± 1.0 °C and a relative humidity of 90–95% for 15 days. Results suggested that both EC and EC+LEO have positive effects of the quality parameters of strawberry fruits and help to improve the storage duration of the fruits. After 15 days of storage, the average weight loss of the control fruits reached to 12.44%, but was kept at 9.06% and 7.13% at the EC and EC+LEO treated fruits, respectively. Both the EC and EC+LEO treatments were found to have positive impact on the prevention of disease severity and chemical spoilage and lowering respiration rate of the fruits. The loss in the fruit firmness, soluble solids concentration, ascorbic acid content and titratable acidity of the fruits were also found to delay in the coated fruits. The EC+LEO treatment was found to have better performance than the EC treatment. Overall results recommended that the edible coatings enriched with laurel essential oil improve the storability of strawberry fruits and have possibility to be used in postharvest industry.
{"title":"Impacts of edible coatings enriched with laurel essential oil on the storage life of strawberry ‘Camarosa’ fruits","authors":"I. Kahramanoğlu, Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı, V. Okatan, C. Wan","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210221","url":null,"abstract":": The current research was carried out to test the effects of edible coatings (EC) enriched with laurel essential oil (EC+LEO) on the storability of strawberry ‘Camarosa’ fruits. Freshly harvested strawberry fruits were randomly separated into three groups and each group was treated with a different treatment, including EC, EC+LEO and control. Fruits were stored at 4.0 ± 1.0 °C and a relative humidity of 90–95% for 15 days. Results suggested that both EC and EC+LEO have positive effects of the quality parameters of strawberry fruits and help to improve the storage duration of the fruits. After 15 days of storage, the average weight loss of the control fruits reached to 12.44%, but was kept at 9.06% and 7.13% at the EC and EC+LEO treated fruits, respectively. Both the EC and EC+LEO treatments were found to have positive impact on the prevention of disease severity and chemical spoilage and lowering respiration rate of the fruits. The loss in the fruit firmness, soluble solids concentration, ascorbic acid content and titratable acidity of the fruits were also found to delay in the coated fruits. The EC+LEO treatment was found to have better performance than the EC treatment. Overall results recommended that the edible coatings enriched with laurel essential oil improve the storability of strawberry fruits and have possibility to be used in postharvest industry.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210318
N. A. Halim, B. Tan, N. Khalid, J. S. Yaacob
: Plant tissue culture has served as one of the most efficient biotechnological tools to mass produce high quality major crops. Nevertheless, the use of this technique can result in the occurrence of somaclonal variation, which may be brought upon by genetic and/or epigenetic modulations. The epigenetic modulation of plant growth, particularly on the importance of histone deacetylation/acetylation on genome stability, transcriptional regulation, as well as plant development, has been reported in several species such as Arabidopsis , rice, and maize. However, the information on its role in regulating the growth of major crops such as pineapple is still lacking. Previously, we had reported that supplementation of high cytokinin in the tissue culture media and exposure to salinity and abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in the production of somaclonal variants that exhibited dwarf phenotypes, and that these occurrences were associated with epigenetic modulation via the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Thus, in the present study, we aimed to further elucidate and verify the involvement of histone deacetylation in the occurrence of dwarfism in tissue culture-derived pineapple plants, through HD2 gene overexpression. AtHD2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was synthesized and expressed in phenotypically normal Ananas comosus . Transformation efficiency was also studied, and application of 200-µM acetosyringone was observed to be more efficient than 500 µM vanillin by 10%. The transgenic plants were observed to exhibit dwarfed phenotypes and showed significantly high HDAC enzyme activities. Ploidy evaluation of the transgenic plants showed no ploidy change had occurred in the samples and remained as 2n. The relative expression level of AtHD2 was also higher (3.2-fold up-regulation) in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type plants. Collectively, these results indicate that HDACs indeed played an essential role in the response of A. comosus towards abiotic stress, and that this phenomenon is epigenetically regulated.
{"title":"HD2 overexpression induces dwarfism and elevated histone deacetylase activities in transgenic Ananas comosus variety MD2","authors":"N. A. Halim, B. Tan, N. Khalid, J. S. Yaacob","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210318","url":null,"abstract":": Plant tissue culture has served as one of the most efficient biotechnological tools to mass produce high quality major crops. Nevertheless, the use of this technique can result in the occurrence of somaclonal variation, which may be brought upon by genetic and/or epigenetic modulations. The epigenetic modulation of plant growth, particularly on the importance of histone deacetylation/acetylation on genome stability, transcriptional regulation, as well as plant development, has been reported in several species such as Arabidopsis , rice, and maize. However, the information on its role in regulating the growth of major crops such as pineapple is still lacking. Previously, we had reported that supplementation of high cytokinin in the tissue culture media and exposure to salinity and abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in the production of somaclonal variants that exhibited dwarf phenotypes, and that these occurrences were associated with epigenetic modulation via the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Thus, in the present study, we aimed to further elucidate and verify the involvement of histone deacetylation in the occurrence of dwarfism in tissue culture-derived pineapple plants, through HD2 gene overexpression. AtHD2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was synthesized and expressed in phenotypically normal Ananas comosus . Transformation efficiency was also studied, and application of 200-µM acetosyringone was observed to be more efficient than 500 µM vanillin by 10%. The transgenic plants were observed to exhibit dwarfed phenotypes and showed significantly high HDAC enzyme activities. Ploidy evaluation of the transgenic plants showed no ploidy change had occurred in the samples and remained as 2n. The relative expression level of AtHD2 was also higher (3.2-fold up-regulation) in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type plants. Collectively, these results indicate that HDACs indeed played an essential role in the response of A. comosus towards abiotic stress, and that this phenomenon is epigenetically regulated.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67477523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210326
Gabriel Lourenço Lopes, C. A. Lopes, João Vitor Nomura, Gustavo Nandi, F. A. Piotto
: Tomato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia spp. , is a major disease for tomato production around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Currently in Brazil, only commercial hybrids are available as resistant rootstocks for use in infested areas, and we lack information regarding resistance to aggressive strains. Thus, the aims of this work were to estimate combining abilities of five tomato inbred lines and hybrids and to identify resistant genotypes for using as rootstocks resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, phylotype II, one of the most aggressive strains in Brazil. Combining abilities for BW resistance were assessed through full diallel crossings among five tomato inbred lines without reciprocals. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a complete randomized blocks design, using 15 genotypes (hybrids and parents). Additive genetic effects showed to be the most important for controlling bacterial wilt. The inbred line Hawaii 7996 exhibited the highest general combining ability among the five parents assessed. The hybrid Hawaii 7996 × Rodade was the best crossing in terms of resistance and specific combining ability, which was greater than those of all other hybrids. Although Hawaii 7996 remains as a major source for BW resistance, further researches are needed to better understand the resistance dynamics, seeking to develop hybrids with transgressive segregations and more stable resistance against aggressive strains and thrive under environmental conditions highly favorable to bacterial wilt infection.
{"title":"Combining ability of tomato inbred lines to bacterial wilt resistance","authors":"Gabriel Lourenço Lopes, C. A. Lopes, João Vitor Nomura, Gustavo Nandi, F. A. Piotto","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210326","url":null,"abstract":": Tomato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia spp. , is a major disease for tomato production around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Currently in Brazil, only commercial hybrids are available as resistant rootstocks for use in infested areas, and we lack information regarding resistance to aggressive strains. Thus, the aims of this work were to estimate combining abilities of five tomato inbred lines and hybrids and to identify resistant genotypes for using as rootstocks resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, phylotype II, one of the most aggressive strains in Brazil. Combining abilities for BW resistance were assessed through full diallel crossings among five tomato inbred lines without reciprocals. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a complete randomized blocks design, using 15 genotypes (hybrids and parents). Additive genetic effects showed to be the most important for controlling bacterial wilt. The inbred line Hawaii 7996 exhibited the highest general combining ability among the five parents assessed. The hybrid Hawaii 7996 × Rodade was the best crossing in terms of resistance and specific combining ability, which was greater than those of all other hybrids. Although Hawaii 7996 remains as a major source for BW resistance, further researches are needed to better understand the resistance dynamics, seeking to develop hybrids with transgressive segregations and more stable resistance against aggressive strains and thrive under environmental conditions highly favorable to bacterial wilt infection.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67477962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210347
F. M. Ferreira, J. S. P. C. Evangelista, Saulo F. S. Chaves, R. S. Alves, D. Silva, Renan Garcia Malikouski, M. Resende, L. L. Bhering, G. A. Santos
Forest plantations are strong allies in preserving natural resources, providing social and economic benefits. The plantations carried out in the coming years will be vital to meet the growing demand for forest products. To ensure the continuity of genetic progress and the good results achieved with the improvement of forest species, statistical methods that accurately selects superior genotypes are desirable. Multi-trait multi-environment trials are preferred over single-trait single-environment trials, since they can exploit the covariance between traits and environments, increasing the analysis’s prediction power. The Bayesian multi-trait multi-environments approach (BMTME) combines the cited advantages with the parsimony of Bayesian statistics promoting a more informative data analysis. Thus, the aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters, evaluate genetic variability, and select eucalyptus clones through BMTME models. To this end, a data set with 215 eucalyptus clones evaluated in four environments for diameter at breast height and Pilodyn penetration was used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters and to predict the genotypic values. The Smith-Hazel index was used to simultaneously achieve gains with selection for both traits. The BMTME approach provided high accuracies, being a good strategy to the evaluation of multiple environmental trials of Eucalyptus for breeding purposes.
{"title":"Multivariate Bayesian analysis for genetic evaluation and selection of Eucalyptus in multiple environment trials","authors":"F. M. Ferreira, J. S. P. C. Evangelista, Saulo F. S. Chaves, R. S. Alves, D. Silva, Renan Garcia Malikouski, M. Resende, L. L. Bhering, G. A. Santos","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210347","url":null,"abstract":"Forest plantations are strong allies in preserving natural resources, providing social and economic benefits. The plantations carried out in the coming years will be vital to meet the growing demand for forest products. To ensure the continuity of genetic progress and the good results achieved with the improvement of forest species, statistical methods that accurately selects superior genotypes are desirable. Multi-trait multi-environment trials are preferred over single-trait single-environment trials, since they can exploit the covariance between traits and environments, increasing the analysis’s prediction power. The Bayesian multi-trait multi-environments approach (BMTME) combines the cited advantages with the parsimony of Bayesian statistics promoting a more informative data analysis. Thus, the aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters, evaluate genetic variability, and select eucalyptus clones through BMTME models. To this end, a data set with 215 eucalyptus clones evaluated in four environments for diameter at breast height and Pilodyn penetration was used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters and to predict the genotypic values. The Smith-Hazel index was used to simultaneously achieve gains with selection for both traits. The BMTME approach provided high accuracies, being a good strategy to the evaluation of multiple environmental trials of Eucalyptus for breeding purposes.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220048
Andrés Chacón-Ortiz, L. C. Maia, A. Oliveira, Eduardo Venske, C. Pegoraro
: The olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a species of great importance in history and economic, with large phenotypic variability, represented through a wide range of cultivars spread throughout the world. There are several studies on the characterization of a large number of cultivars of the species. However, there is a need to uncover how these phenotypic traits are heritable, and how they can change when environmental conditions vary. For this reason, the objective here was to estimate the heritability coefficients for fruit characters in six commercial cultivars, analyzed under conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study was carried out in a single year, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits on the cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Manzanilla de Sevilla, and Picual, under environmental conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Phenotypic plasticity and broad-sense heritability were estimated in both inter and intra-cultivar comparisons. From the analyses of variance and heritability, it was observed that some cultivars such as Koroneiki or Picual had their characters mainly under genetic control, while Arbequina was more influenced by genotype-environment interaction. The information derived from this work can help guide the selection of cultivars that are best adapted under the local environments of the southern region of Brazil.
橄榄树(Olea europaea L.)是一种在历史和经济上具有重要意义的物种，其表型变异性大，分布在世界各地。对该物种的大量栽培品种的特性进行了几项研究。然而，有必要揭示这些表型特征是如何遗传的，以及它们如何在环境条件变化时发生变化。因此，本研究的目的是估计6个商品品种果实性状的遗传力系数，并在巴西南巴西大州的条件下进行分析。本研究是在一年的时间里，在南巴西大州的环境条件下，对栽培品种Arbequina、Arbosana、Frantoio、Koroneiki、Manzanilla de Sevilla和Picual的果实和油脂性状进行分析。在品种间和品种内比较中估计了表型可塑性和广义遗传力。从变异和遗传力分析来看，Koroneiki和Picual等品种的性状主要受遗传控制，而Arbequina则主要受基因型-环境互作的影响。从这项工作中获得的信息可以帮助指导选择最适合巴西南部地区当地环境的品种。
{"title":"Characterization and heritability of fruit from olive cultivars in the south of Brazil","authors":"Andrés Chacón-Ortiz, L. C. Maia, A. Oliveira, Eduardo Venske, C. Pegoraro","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220048","url":null,"abstract":": The olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a species of great importance in history and economic, with large phenotypic variability, represented through a wide range of cultivars spread throughout the world. There are several studies on the characterization of a large number of cultivars of the species. However, there is a need to uncover how these phenotypic traits are heritable, and how they can change when environmental conditions vary. For this reason, the objective here was to estimate the heritability coefficients for fruit characters in six commercial cultivars, analyzed under conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study was carried out in a single year, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits on the cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Manzanilla de Sevilla, and Picual, under environmental conditions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Phenotypic plasticity and broad-sense heritability were estimated in both inter and intra-cultivar comparisons. From the analyses of variance and heritability, it was observed that some cultivars such as Koroneiki or Picual had their characters mainly under genetic control, while Arbequina was more influenced by genotype-environment interaction. The information derived from this work can help guide the selection of cultivars that are best adapted under the local environments of the southern region of Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220098
de L. R. Corrêa, L. Martorano, J. C. D. C. Moraes, L. S. Lisboa
: Watersheds are planning units because they are delimited by topographic divisions formed by a main river and its tributaries, in which water drainage is channeled into a course of greater water volume, such as the Amazon basin, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The objective of this work was to analyze the morphometry of the hydrographic sub-basin of the Curuá-Una River (SBHRM), that integrates the Curuá-Una hydrographic micro-region in western Pará, Brazil, and its surroundings. Data from abiotic variables integrated in a geographic information system were used to identify the areas that most need restauration using production systems such as agroforestry as part of a forest restoration process, necessary to land degradation in the sub-basin and its surroundings. It was found that the sub-basin of the Curuá-Una River has a more elongated shape, confirmed by the circularity index, compactness coefficient, and shape factor. It is a fifth order sub-basin with a densely branched drainage network with a low probability of flooding due to the predominance of undulating relief. The morphometric characteristics present conditions that can be used in anthropic areas integrated into production systems such as agroforestry. The existence of tree species such as andiroba , copaíba , and the Brazil nut tree in the Tapajós basin, as inventoried by the Project RADAMBRAZIL, must be included in agroforestry arrangements in the recovery of degraded areas in western Pará.
{"title":"Morphometric indices in the Curuá-Una River sub-basin as potential indicators for forest restoration in hydrographic mesoregions in the Central Amazon","authors":"de L. R. Corrêa, L. Martorano, J. C. D. C. Moraes, L. S. Lisboa","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220098","url":null,"abstract":": Watersheds are planning units because they are delimited by topographic divisions formed by a main river and its tributaries, in which water drainage is channeled into a course of greater water volume, such as the Amazon basin, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The objective of this work was to analyze the morphometry of the hydrographic sub-basin of the Curuá-Una River (SBHRM), that integrates the Curuá-Una hydrographic micro-region in western Pará, Brazil, and its surroundings. Data from abiotic variables integrated in a geographic information system were used to identify the areas that most need restauration using production systems such as agroforestry as part of a forest restoration process, necessary to land degradation in the sub-basin and its surroundings. It was found that the sub-basin of the Curuá-Una River has a more elongated shape, confirmed by the circularity index, compactness coefficient, and shape factor. It is a fifth order sub-basin with a densely branched drainage network with a low probability of flooding due to the predominance of undulating relief. The morphometric characteristics present conditions that can be used in anthropic areas integrated into production systems such as agroforestry. The existence of tree species such as andiroba , copaíba , and the Brazil nut tree in the Tapajós basin, as inventoried by the Project RADAMBRAZIL, must be included in agroforestry arrangements in the recovery of degraded areas in western Pará.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210313
Felipe Augusto Reis Gonçalves, G. Castro, J. Tronto, R. F. Novais
: Studies aimed at mitigating environmental impacts have received attention in recent years. The use of biochar obtained from the pyrolysis is an alternative for the recovery of organic materials that usually are directly discarded in the environment. Biochar has the potential to recover nutrients from wastewater, and in the latter case, the reuse or recycling of biochar as a controlled-release fertilizer could be an option. However, the adsorption characteristics of the ions into different biochars have not been known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ions adsorption in biochar derived from discarded potatoes, as well as to make physical and chemical characterization of the produced materials. The biochar derived from discarded potatoes was produced by pyrolysis at 450 °C under an N2 atmosphere. In order to define its ionic profile, the adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ was tested in pure biochar, as well as adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– in biochar after it was doped with Al 3+ . The desorption of these ions was tested by washing with deionized water, and the KCl (1.0 mol·L –1 ) and Mehlich-1 extractors. In absolute values, the adsorption order of the ions was Al 3+ (in acid pH value) = Ca 2+ > Al 3+ > H n PO 4(3–n)– (biochar doped with Al 3+ ) > Mg 2+ > H n PO 4(3–n)– (biochar without doping). The adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– was positively influenced by the doping of biochar with Al 3+ . The biochar has preferential characteristics for cations adsorption, and the doping process can aid in adsorption of anions.
近年来，旨在减轻环境影响的研究受到重视。使用从热解中获得的生物炭是一种通常直接丢弃在环境中的有机材料回收的替代方案。生物炭具有从废水中回收养分的潜力，在后一种情况下，生物炭的再利用或再循环作为控释肥料可能是一种选择。然而，离子在不同生物炭中的吸附特性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评价废弃马铃薯生物炭对离子的吸附作用，并对所制备的材料进行物理化学表征。以废弃马铃薯为原料，在450°C N2气氛下热解制备生物炭。为了确定其离子谱，测试了纯生物炭对hn - po4 (3 - n) -、ca2 +、mg2 +、Al 3+的吸附，以及掺入al3 +后生物炭对hn - po4 (3 - n) -的吸附。用去离子水、KCl (1.0 mol·L -1)和Mehlich-1萃取剂洗涤这些离子。在绝对值上，离子的吸附顺序为:Al 3+(酸性pH值下)= ca2 + > Al 3+ > H n PO 4(3 - n) -(掺杂Al 3+的生物炭)> Mg 2+ > H n PO 4(3 - n) -(未掺杂的生物炭)。Al - 3+掺杂生物炭对h_2o_4 (3 - n) -的吸附有积极影响。生物炭具有优先吸附阳离子的特性，掺杂工艺有利于吸附阴离子。
{"title":"Ionic adsorption and characterization of biochar from discarded potatoes","authors":"Felipe Augusto Reis Gonçalves, G. Castro, J. Tronto, R. F. Novais","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20210313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210313","url":null,"abstract":": Studies aimed at mitigating environmental impacts have received attention in recent years. The use of biochar obtained from the pyrolysis is an alternative for the recovery of organic materials that usually are directly discarded in the environment. Biochar has the potential to recover nutrients from wastewater, and in the latter case, the reuse or recycling of biochar as a controlled-release fertilizer could be an option. However, the adsorption characteristics of the ions into different biochars have not been known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ions adsorption in biochar derived from discarded potatoes, as well as to make physical and chemical characterization of the produced materials. The biochar derived from discarded potatoes was produced by pyrolysis at 450 °C under an N2 atmosphere. In order to define its ionic profile, the adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ was tested in pure biochar, as well as adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– in biochar after it was doped with Al 3+ . The desorption of these ions was tested by washing with deionized water, and the KCl (1.0 mol·L –1 ) and Mehlich-1 extractors. In absolute values, the adsorption order of the ions was Al 3+ (in acid pH value) = Ca 2+ > Al 3+ > H n PO 4(3–n)– (biochar doped with Al 3+ ) > Mg 2+ > H n PO 4(3–n)– (biochar without doping). The adsorption of H n PO 4(3–n)– was positively influenced by the doping of biochar with Al 3+ . The biochar has preferential characteristics for cations adsorption, and the doping process can aid in adsorption of anions.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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