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Implantable and transcutaneous photobiomodulation promote neuroregeneration and recovery of lost function after spinal cord injury 植入式和经皮光生物调制促进脊髓损伤后的神经再生和丧失功能的恢复
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10674
Andrew R. Stevens, Mohammed Hadis, Alice Phillips, Abhinav Thareja, Michael Milward, Antonio Belli, William Palin, David J. Davies, Zubair Ahmed
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of profound and irreversible damage, with no effective therapy to promote functional recovery. Photobiomodulation (PBM) may provide a viable therapeutic approach using red or near‐infrared light to promote recovery after SCI by mitigating neuroinflammation and preventing neuronal apoptosis. Our current study aimed to optimize PBM dose regimens and develop and validate the efficacy of an invasive PBM delivery paradigm for SCI. Dose optimization studies were performed using a serum withdrawal model of injury in cultures of primary adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN). Implantable and transcutaneous PBM delivery protocols were developed and validated using cadaveric modeling. The efficacy of PBM in promoting recovery after SCI in vivo was studied in a dorsal column crush injury model of SCI in adult rats. Optimal neuroprotection in vitro was achieved between 4 and 22 mW/cm2. 11 mW/cm2 for 1 min per day (0.66 J/cm2) increased cell viability by 45% over 5 days (p <0.0001), increasing neurite outgrowth by 25% (p <0.01). A method for invasive application of PBM was developed using a diffusion‐tipped optogenetics fiber optic. Delivery methods for PBM were developed and validated for both invasive (iPBM) and noninvasive (transcutaneous) (tcPBM) application. iPBM and tcPBM (24 mW/cm2 at spinal cord, 1 min per day (1.44 J/cm2) up to 7 days) increased activation of regeneration‐associated protein at 3 days after SCI, increasing GAP43+ axons in DRGN from 18.0% (control) to 41.4% ± 10.5 (iPBM) and 45.8% ± 3.4 (tcPBM) (p <0.05). This corresponded to significant improvements at 6 weeks post‐injury in functional locomotor and sensory function recovery (p <0.01), axonal regeneration (p <0.01), and reduced lesion size (p <0.01). Our results demonstrated that PBM achieved a significant therapeutic benefit after SCI, either using iPBM or tcPBM application and can potentially be developed for clinical use in SCI patients.
脊髓损伤(SCI)是造成严重和不可逆损伤的原因之一,目前还没有有效的疗法来促进功能恢复。光生物调控(PBM)可提供一种可行的治疗方法,利用红光或近红外光减轻神经炎症并防止神经元凋亡,从而促进脊髓损伤后的恢复。我们目前的研究旨在优化 PBM 剂量方案,并开发和验证用于 SCI 的侵入性 PBM 给药范例的疗效。我们在原代成年大鼠背根神经节神经元(DRGN)培养物中使用血清抽取损伤模型进行了剂量优化研究。利用尸体模型开发并验证了植入式和经皮 PBM 给药方案。在成年大鼠背柱挤压伤模型中研究了 PBM 促进体内 SCI 后恢复的功效。体外神经保护的最佳值为 4 至 22 mW/cm2。每天 1 分钟 11 mW/cm2(0.66 J/cm2)可使细胞存活率在 5 天内提高 45%(p <0.0001),使神经元生长速度提高 25%(p <0.01)。利用扩散尖端光遗传学光纤开发了一种侵入性应用 PBM 的方法。开发并验证了有创(iPBM)和无创(经皮)(tcPBM)应用的 PBM 输送方法。iPBM 和 tcPBM(脊髓 24 mW/cm2,每天 1 分钟(1.44 J/cm2),持续 7 天)在 SCI 后 3 天增加了再生相关蛋白的活化,使 DRGN 中的 GAP43+ 轴突从 18.0% (对照组)增加到 41.4% ± 10.5(iPBM)和 45.8% ± 3.4(tcPBM)(p <0.05)。这与伤后6周时在运动功能和感觉功能恢复(p <0.01)、轴突再生(p <0.01)和病灶缩小(p <0.01)方面的显著改善相对应。我们的研究结果表明,无论是应用 iPBM 还是 tcPBM,PBM 都能在 SCI 后取得显著的治疗效果,并有可能开发用于 SCI 患者的临床治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Model acetylcholinesterase-Fc fusion glycoprotein biotechnology system for the manufacture of an organophosphorus toxicant bioscavenging countermeasure 用于制造有机磷毒物生物清除对策的乙酰胆碱酯酶-Fc 融合糖蛋白生物技术模型系统
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10666
Thomas G. Biel, Talia Faison, Alicia M. Matthews, Uriel Ortega-Rodriguez, Vincent M. Falkowski, Edward Meek, Xin Bush, Matthew Flores, Sarah Johnson, Wells W. Wu, Mari Lehtimaki, Rong-Fong Shen, Cyrus Agarabi, V. Ashutosh Rao, Janice E. Chambers, Tongzhong Ju

Organophosphate (OP) toxicants remain an active threat to public health and to warfighters in the military. Current countermeasures require near immediate administration following OP exposure and are reported to have controversial efficacies. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) fused to the human immunoglobulin 1 (IgG1) Fc domain (AChE-Fc) is a potential bioscavenger for OP toxicants, but a reproducible AChE-Fc biomanufacturing strategy remains elusive. This report is the first to establish a comprehensive laboratory-scale bioprocessing strategy that can reproducibly produce AChE-Fc and AChE(W86A)-Fc which is a mutated AChE protein with reduced enzymatic activity. Characterization studies revealed that AChE-Fc and AChE(W86A)-Fc are N-glycosylated dimeric fusion glycoproteins but only AChE-Fc had the capability to bind to paraoxon (a model OP). This AChE-Fc fusion glycoprotein bioprocessing strategy can be leveraged during industrial biomanufacturing development, while the research-grade AChE-Fc proteins can be used to determine the potential clinical relevance of the countermeasure against OP toxicants.

有机磷(OP)毒物仍然是对公众健康和军队作战人员的严重威胁。目前的应对措施要求在接触 OP 后几乎立即给药,而且据报道其疗效存在争议。乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)与人类免疫球蛋白 1 (IgG1) Fc 结构域融合(AChE-Fc)是一种潜在的 OP 毒性物质生物清除剂,但可重复的 AChE-Fc 生物制造策略仍然难以实现。本报告首次建立了一种全面的实验室规模生物加工策略,可重复生产 AChE-Fc 和 AChE(W86A)-Fc (一种酶活性降低的变异 AChE 蛋白)。表征研究显示,AChE-Fc 和 AChE(W86A)-Fc 是 N-糖基化的二聚体融合糖蛋白,但只有 AChE-Fc 能够与对氧磷(一种 OP 模型)结合。这种 AChE-Fc 融合糖蛋白生物加工策略可在工业生物制造开发过程中加以利用,而研究级 AChE-Fc 蛋白则可用于确定抗 OP 毒物对策的潜在临床相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Eye of the future: Unlocking the potential utilization of hydrogels in intraocular lenses 未来之眼:挖掘水凝胶在眼内透镜中的应用潜力
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10664
Hao Wu, Jiale Wang, Wenhui Fan, Qi Zhong, Rongyue Xue, Siyu Li, Zongming Song, Ye Tao

Hydrogels are distinguished by their exceptional ability to absorb and retain large volumes of water within their complex three-dimensional polymer networks, which is advantageous for the development of intraocular lenses (IOLs). Their innate hydrophilicity offers an optimal substrate for the fabrication of IOLs that simulate the natural lens' accommodation, thereby reducing irritation and facilitating healing after surgery. The swelling and water retention characteristics of hydrogels contribute to their notable biocompatibility and versatile mechanical properties. However, the clinical application of hydrogels faces challenges, including managing potential adverse postimplantation effects. Rigorous research is essential to ascertain the safety and effectiveness of hydrogels. This review systematically examines the prospects and constraints of hydrogels as innovative materials for IOLs. Our comprehensive analysis examines their inherent properties, various classification strategies, cross-linking processes, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Additionally, we thoroughly evaluate their interactions with ocular tissues, underscoring the potential for hydrogels to be refined into seamless and biologically integrated visual aids. We also discuss the anticipated technological progress and clinical uses of hydrogels in IOL manufacturing. With ongoing technological advancements, the promise of hydrogels is poised to evolve from concept to clinical reality, marking a significant leap forward in ophthalmology characterized by improved patient comfort, enhanced functionality, and reliable safety.

水凝胶的独特之处在于其复杂的三维聚合物网络具有吸收和保留大量水分的特殊能力,这对眼内人工晶体(IOL)的开发非常有利。它们与生俱来的亲水性为制作人工晶体提供了最佳基质,可模拟自然晶状体的虹膜虹吸作用,从而减少刺激并促进术后愈合。水凝胶的膨胀和保水特性使其具有显著的生物相容性和多种机械性能。然而,水凝胶的临床应用也面临着挑战,包括处理植入后的潜在不良反应。严格的研究对于确定水凝胶的安全性和有效性至关重要。本综述系统地探讨了水凝胶作为人工晶体创新材料的前景和制约因素。我们全面分析了水凝胶的固有特性、各种分类策略、交联过程以及对外界刺激的敏感性。此外,我们还全面评估了水凝胶与眼部组织的相互作用,强调了将水凝胶改进为无缝、生物一体化视觉辅助材料的潜力。我们还讨论了水凝胶在人工晶体制造中的预期技术进步和临床应用。随着技术的不断进步,水凝胶有望从概念发展成为临床现实,标志着眼科领域的重大飞跃,其特点是改善患者舒适度、增强功能性和可靠的安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Tissue-engineered tracheal implants: Advancements, challenges, and clinical considerations 组织工程气管植入物:进展、挑战和临床考虑因素
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10671
Shixiong Wei, Yiyuan Zhang, Feixiang Luo, Kexing Duan, Mingqian Li, Guoyue Lv

Restoration of extensive tracheal damage remains a significant challenge in respiratory medicine, particularly in instances stemming from conditions like infection, congenital anomalies, or stenosis. The trachea, an essential element of the lower respiratory tract, constitutes a fibrocartilaginous tube spanning approximately 10–12 cm in length. It is characterized by 18 ± 2 tracheal cartilages distributed anterolaterally with the dynamic trachealis muscle located posteriorly. While tracheotomy is a common approach for patients with short-length defects, situations requiring replacement arise when the extent of lesion exceeds 1/2 of the length in adults (or 1/3 in children). Tissue engineering (TE) holds promise in developing biocompatible airway grafts for addressing challenges in tracheal regeneration. Despite the potential, the extensive clinical application of tissue-engineered tracheal substitutes encounters obstacles, including insufficient revascularization, inadequate re-epithelialization, suboptimal mechanical properties, and insufficient durability. These limitations have led to limited success in implementing tissue-engineered tracheal implants in clinical settings. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of historical attempts and lessons learned in the field of tracheal TE, contextualizing the clinical prerequisites and vital criteria for effective tracheal grafts. The manufacturing approaches employed in TE, along with the clinical application of both tissue-engineered and non-tissue-engineered approaches for tracheal reconstruction, are discussed in detail. By offering a holistic view on TE substitutes and their implications for the clinical management of long-segment tracheal lesions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of strategies in this critical area of respiratory medicine.

气管大面积损伤的修复仍是呼吸内科面临的一项重大挑战,尤其是在感染、先天畸形或气管狭窄等情况下。气管是下呼吸道的重要组成部分,由纤维软骨组成,长度约为 10-12 厘米。气管的特点是 18±2 根气管软骨分布在气管前侧,动态气管肌位于气管后侧。气管切开术是治疗短缺损患者的常用方法,但当成人的病变范围超过气管长度的 1/2(或儿童的 1/3)时,就需要更换气管。组织工程(TE)有望开发出生物相容性良好的气道移植物,以应对气管再生的挑战。尽管潜力巨大,但组织工程气管替代物的广泛临床应用遇到了障碍,包括血管再生成不足、再上皮化不足、机械性能不理想以及耐久性不足。这些限制导致在临床环境中使用组织工程气管植入物的成功率有限。本综述全面探讨了气管 TE 领域的历史尝试和经验教训,并结合临床先决条件和有效气管移植物的重要标准。详细讨论了气管重建技术中采用的制造方法,以及组织工程和非组织工程气管重建方法的临床应用。通过对 TE 替代物及其对长段气管病变临床治疗的影响提供一个整体的视角,本综述旨在促进对呼吸医学这一关键领域策略的理解和进步。
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引用次数: 0
Two-pronged reversal of chemotherapy resistance by gold nanorods induced mild photothermal effect 金纳米棒诱导的温和光热效应双管齐下逆转化疗耐药性
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10670
Qi Shang, Ziyan Chen, Jing Li, Mingmei Guo, Jiapei Yang, Zhu Jin, Yuanyuan Shen, Shengrong Guo, Feihu Wang

Chemotherapy treatment outcomes are severely restricted by multidrug resistance (MDR), in which tumors develop a multiple cross-resistance toward drug involving the pump and nonpump resistance mechanisms, resulting in drug efflux and defending against drug toxicity. Herein, we constructed a pH and near infrared (NIR) light responsive nanomedicine DOX@FG based on gold nanorods (GNRs) that demonstrated the potential to improve chemotherapy outcomes by overcoming MDR. DOX@FG was constructed by conjugating folic acid (FA) and doxorubicin (DOX) derivatives onto GNRs, where the DOX derivatives possessed an acid-labile hydrazone bond. Stimulated by the acidic media in endocytic organelles, DOX@FG exhibited a responsive dissociation for the controlled release of chemotherapeutic DOX. Surprisingly, we found the mild photothermal effect elicited by GNRs under NIR irradiation simultaneously inhibited the pump and nonpump resistance mechanisms, enhancing the intracellular DOX accumulation and sensitizing the cancer cells to DOX, collectively amplify the chemotherapy efficacy and delay the MCF-7/ADR breast tumor growth. This intelligent DOX@FG nanomedicine with the potential for two-pronged reversal of MDR may provide a prospective way to encourage chemotherapy efficacy.

多药耐药性(MDR)严重制约了化疗的疗效,肿瘤产生的多重交叉耐药性涉及泵和非泵耐药机制,导致药物外流并抵御药物毒性。在此,我们构建了一种基于金纳米棒(GNRs)的pH和近红外(NIR)光响应纳米药物DOX@FG,该药物具有克服MDR改善化疗效果的潜力。DOX@FG 是通过将叶酸(FA)和多柔比星(DOX)衍生物共轭到 GNRs 上而构建的,其中 DOX 衍生物具有酸性惰性腙键。在内细胞器的酸性介质刺激下,DOX@FG 表现出反应性解离,从而实现了化疗 DOX 的控制释放。令人惊奇的是,我们发现在近红外照射下,GNRs 引发的温和光热效应同时抑制了泵和非泵抗性机制,增强了细胞内 DOX 的积累,并使癌细胞对 DOX 敏感,从而共同放大了化疗疗效,延缓了 MCF-7/ADR 乳腺肿瘤的生长。这种智能型 DOX@FG 纳米药物具有双管齐下逆转 MDR 的潜力,可为提高化疗疗效提供一种前瞻性的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Nanomaterial-assisted oncolytic bacteria in solid tumor diagnosis and therapeutics 纳米材料辅助溶瘤菌在实体瘤诊断和治疗中的应用
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10672
Xiangdi Zeng, Qi Chen, Tingtao Chen

Cancer presents a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the intratumoral heterogeneity and the dynamic microenvironmental niche. Natural or genetically engineered oncolytic bacteria have always been hailed by scientists for their intrinsic tumor-targeting and oncolytic capacities. However, the immunogenicity and low toxicity inevitably constrain their application in clinical practice. When nanomaterials, characterized by distinctive physicochemical properties, are integrated with oncolytic bacteria, they achieve mutually complementary advantages and construct efficient and safe nanobiohybrids. In this review, we initially analyze the merits and drawbacks of conventional tumor therapeutic approaches, followed by a detailed examination of the precise oncolysis mechanisms employed by oncolytic bacteria. Subsequently, we focus on harnessing nanomaterial-assisted oncolytic bacteria (NAOB) to augment the effectiveness of tumor therapy and utilizing them as nanotheranostic agents for imaging-guided tumor treatment. Finally, by summarizing and analyzing the current deficiencies of NAOB, this review provides some innovative directions for developing nanobiohybrids, intending to infuse novel research concepts into the realm of solid tumor therapy.

由于肿瘤内的异质性和动态的微环境,癌症给现代医学带来了严峻的挑战。天然或基因工程溶瘤菌因其内在的肿瘤靶向性和溶瘤能力一直受到科学家们的青睐。然而,免疫原性和低毒性不可避免地限制了它们在临床实践中的应用。当具有独特理化特性的纳米材料与溶瘤细菌结合在一起时,就能实现优势互补,构建高效安全的纳米生物混合物。在这篇综述中,我们首先分析了传统肿瘤治疗方法的优缺点,然后详细研究了溶瘤细菌所采用的精确溶瘤机制。随后,我们重点探讨利用纳米材料辅助溶瘤菌(NAOB)增强肿瘤治疗效果,并将其作为纳米otheranostic剂用于成像引导的肿瘤治疗。最后,本综述通过总结和分析目前纳米溶菌的不足之处,为开发纳米生物混合物提供了一些创新方向,旨在为实体瘤治疗领域注入新的研究理念。
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引用次数: 0
Dissolved gases from pressure changes in the lungs elicit an immune response in human peripheral blood 肺部压力变化产生的溶解气体会引起人体外周血的免疫反应
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10657
Abigail G. Harrell, Stephen R. Thom, C. Wyatt Shields IV

Conventional dogma suggests that decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by nitrogen bubble nucleation in the blood vessels and/or tissues; however, the abundance of bubbles does not correlate with DCS severity. Since immune cells respond to chemical and environmental cues, we hypothesized that the elevated partial pressures of dissolved gases drive aberrant immune cell phenotypes in the alveolar vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we measured immune responses within human lung-on-a-chip devices established with primary alveolar cells and microvascular cells. Devices were pressurized to 1.0 or 3.5 atm and surrounded by normal alveolar air or oxygen-reduced air. Phenotyping of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells as well as multiplexed ELISA revealed that immune responses occur within 1 h and that normal alveolar air (i.e., hyperbaric oxygen and nitrogen) confer greater immune activation. This work strongly suggests innate immune cell reactions initiated at elevated partial pressures contribute to the etiology of DCS.

传统理论认为,减压病(DCS)是由血管和/或组织中的氮气气泡成核引起的;然而,气泡的数量与减压病的严重程度并不相关。由于免疫细胞会对化学和环境线索做出反应,我们假设溶解气体分压的升高会导致肺泡血管中的免疫细胞表型异常。为了验证这一假设,我们测量了使用原代肺泡细胞和微血管细胞建立的人肺芯片装置内的免疫反应。装置加压至 1.0 或 3.5 atm,周围为正常肺泡空气或减氧空气。中性粒细胞、单核细胞和树突状细胞的表型分析以及多重酶联免疫吸附试验表明,免疫反应在 1 小时内发生,正常肺泡空气(即高压氧和氮气)会带来更大的免疫激活。这项研究有力地表明,在局部压力升高的情况下启动的先天性免疫细胞反应是导致 DCS 的病因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Versatile tissue-injectable hydrogels capable of the extended hydrolytic release of bioactive protein therapeutics 多功能组织注射水凝胶,能够延长生物活性蛋白疗法的水解释放时间
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10668
Eric S. Nealy, Steven J. Reed, Steven M. Adelmund, Barry A. Badeau, Jared A. Shadish, Emily J. Girard, Kenneth Brasel, Fiona J. Pakiam, Andrew J. Mhyre, Jason P. Price, Surojit Sarkar, Vandana Kalia, Cole A. DeForest, James M. Olson

Hydrogels are extensively employed in healthcare due to their adaptable structures, high water content, and biocompatibility, with FDA-approved applications ranging from spinal cord regeneration to local therapeutic delivery. However, clinical hydrogels encounter challenges related to inconsistent therapeutic exposure, unmodifiable release windows, and difficulties in subsurface polymer insertion. Addressing these issues, we engineered injectable, biocompatible hydrogels as a local therapeutic depot, utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels functionalized with bioorthogonal SPAAC handles for network polymerization and functionalization. Our hydrogel solutions polymerize in situ in a temperature-sensitive manner, persist in tissue, and facilitate the delivery of bioactive therapeutics in subsurface locations. Demonstrating the efficacy of our approach, recombinant anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies, when incorporated into subsurface-injected hydrogel solutions, exhibited cytotoxic activity against infiltrative high-grade glioma xenografts in the rodent brain. To enhance the gel's versatility, recombinant protein cargos can undergo site-specific modification with hydrolysable “azidoester” adapters, allowing for user-defined release profiles from the hydrogel. Hydrogel-generated gradients of murine CXCL10, linked to intratumorally injected hydrogel solutions via azidoester linkers, resulted in significant recruitment of CD8+ T-cells and the attenuation of tumor growth in a “cold” syngeneic melanoma model. This study highlights a highly customizable, hydrogel-based delivery system for local protein therapeutic administration to meet diverse clinical needs.

水凝胶因其结构适应性强、含水量高和生物相容性好而被广泛应用于医疗保健领域,其应用范围从脊髓再生到局部治疗给药,均已获得美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)批准。然而,临床水凝胶面临着治疗暴露不一致、释放窗口不可调和以及表层下聚合物插入困难等挑战。为了解决这些问题,我们利用聚乙二醇(PEG)为基础的水凝胶,在网络聚合和功能化过程中使用生物正交的 SPAAC 手柄,设计出了可注射的生物相容性水凝胶,作为局部治疗药库。我们的水凝胶溶液能以对温度敏感的方式在原位聚合,在组织中持久存在,并促进生物活性治疗药物在表层下位置的输送。重组抗 CD47 单克隆抗体融入表皮下注射的水凝胶溶液后,对啮齿类动物脑内浸润性高级别胶质瘤异种移植物表现出细胞毒活性,这证明了我们方法的有效性。为了增强凝胶的多功能性,重组蛋白载体可通过可水解的 "叠氮酯 "适配体进行特定位点修饰,从而实现用户自定义的水凝胶释放曲线。在 "冷 "合成黑色素瘤模型中,通过叠氮酯连接体与肿瘤内注射的水凝胶溶液相连的水凝胶产生的小鼠 CXCL10 梯度可显著招募 CD8+ T 细胞并抑制肿瘤生长。这项研究强调了一种高度可定制、基于水凝胶的局部蛋白质治疗给药系统,可满足不同的临床需求。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal evolutionary process of osteosarcoma immune microenvironment remodeling and C1QBP-driven drug resistance deciphered through single-cell multi-dimensional analysis 通过单细胞多维分析破译骨肉瘤免疫微环境重塑与C1QBP驱动的耐药性时空演化过程
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10654
Xin Wu, Ning Tang, Qiangqiang Zhao, Jianbin Xiong

The tumor immune microenvironment has manifested a crucial correlation with tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis. To explore the mechanisms intrinsic to osteosarcoma (OS) initiation and progression, this study synthesizes multiple single-cell RNA sequencing data sets, constructing a comprehensive landscape of the OS microenvironment. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing with bulk RNA sequencing data has enabled the identification of a significant correlation between heightened expression of the fatty acid metabolism-associated gene (C1QBP) and patient survival in OS. C1QBP not only amplifies the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anti-apoptotic properties of OS but also instigates cisplatin resistance. Subsequent investigations suggest that C1QBP potentially promotes macrophage polarization from monocytes/macrophages toward M2 and M3 phenotypes. Consequently, C1QBP may emerge as a novel target for modulating OS progression and resistance therapy.

肿瘤免疫微环境与肿瘤的发生、发展、复发和转移有着重要的相关性。为了探索骨肉瘤(OS)发生和发展的内在机制,本研究综合了多个单细胞RNA测序数据集,构建了一个全面的骨肉瘤微环境图谱。通过整合单细胞RNA测序和大容量RNA测序数据,发现了脂肪酸代谢相关基因(C1QBP)的高表达与OS患者生存之间的显著相关性。C1QBP不仅能增强OS的增殖、迁移、侵袭和抗凋亡特性,还能激发顺铂抗性。随后的研究表明,C1QBP 有可能促进巨噬细胞从单核细胞/巨噬细胞向 M2 和 M3 表型极化。因此,C1QBP可能成为调节OS进展和抗药性治疗的新靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Rational design of structure-based vaccines targeting misfolded alpha-synuclein conformers of Parkinson's disease and related disorders 针对帕金森病及相关疾病中折叠错误的α-突触核蛋白构象,合理设计基于结构的疫苗
IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10665
Jose Miguel Flores-Fernandez, Verena Pesch, Aishwarya Sriraman, Enrique Chimal-Juarez, Sara Amidian, Xiongyao Wang, Caleb Duckering, Andrew Fang, Sara Reithofer, Liang Ma, Leonardo M. Cortez, Valerie L. Sim, Gültekin Tamgüney, Holger Wille

Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein. Developing effective vaccines against synucleinopathies is challenging due to the difficulty of stimulating an immune-specific response against alpha-synuclein without causing harmful autoimmune reactions, selectively targeting only pathological forms of alpha-synuclein. Previous attempts using linear peptides and epitopes without control of the antigen structure failed in clinical trials. The immune system was unable to distinguish between native alpha-synuclein and its amyloid form. The prion domain of the fungal HET-s protein was selected as a scaffold to introduce select epitopes from the surface of alpha-synuclein fibrils. Four vaccine candidates were generated by introducing specific amino acid substitutions onto the surface of the scaffold protein. The approach successfully mimicked the stacking of the parallel in-register beta-sheet structure seen in alpha-synuclein fibrils. All vaccine candidates induced substantial levels of IgG antibodies that recognized pathological alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from a synucleinopathy mouse model. Furthermore, the antisera recognized pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates in brain lysates from patients who died from DLB, MSA, or PD, but did not recognize linear alpha-synuclein peptides. Our approach, based on the rational design of vaccines using the structure of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils and strict control over the exposed antigen structure used for immunization, as well as the ability to mimic aggregated alpha-synuclein, provides a promising avenue toward developing effective vaccines against alpha-synuclein fibrils.

包括帕金森病 (PD)、多系统萎缩症 (MSA) 和路易体痴呆症 (DLB) 在内的突触核蛋白病是一种由错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白堆积引起的神经退行性疾病。开发针对突触核蛋白病的有效疫苗具有挑战性,因为很难激发针对α-突触核蛋白的免疫特异性反应而不引起有害的自身免疫反应,只能选择性地针对病理形式的α-突触核蛋白。以前使用线性肽和表位而不控制抗原结构的尝试在临床试验中失败了。免疫系统无法区分原生α-突触核蛋白及其淀粉样形式。我们选择真菌 HET-s 蛋白的朊病毒结构域作为支架,从α-突触核蛋白纤维表面引入精选表位。通过在支架蛋白表面引入特定氨基酸取代,产生了四种候选疫苗。这种方法成功地模拟了阿尔法-突触核蛋白纤维中的平行排列β片状结构。所有候选疫苗都能诱导大量 IgG 抗体,这些抗体能识别来自突触核蛋白病小鼠模型的病理α-突触核蛋白纤维。此外,抗血清还能识别死于DLB、MSA或PD的患者脑裂解物中的病理性α-突触核蛋白聚集体,但不能识别线性α-突触核蛋白肽。我们的方法基于利用α-突触核蛋白淀粉样纤维结构合理设计疫苗、严格控制用于免疫的暴露抗原结构以及模拟聚集的α-突触核蛋白的能力,为开发针对α-突触核蛋白纤维的有效疫苗提供了一条前景广阔的途径。
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Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
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