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Almohad-Era Jewish Jurisprudence: Moses Maimonides and Joseph Ibn ʿAqnīn 阿尔莫哈德时代的犹太法学:摩西-迈蒙尼德和约瑟夫-伊本-阿克宁
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-bja10010
Marc Herman
Sarah Stroumsa’s 2009 Maimonides in his World spurred much reconsideration of Almohad influence on medieval Jewish thought. Many now accept that Almohad ideology was at least one crucible in which Moses Maimonides’s thought was forged. This paper broadens exploration of Almohad influences to include Maimonides’s understudied contemporary Joseph ben Judah Ibn ʿAqnīn. It focuses on the jurisprudential theories propounded by these two thinkers in order to evaluate the extent to which their views can be considered distinctively Almohad. Assessment of medieval Jewish legal theory in light of earlier Andalusian and developing Almohad thought allows for a fine-grained level of analysis, pinpointing when Jews endorsed Almohad ideas and when they ratified claims of other schools of Islamic law. In the end, at least on questions of jurisprudence, Maimonides and Ibn ʿAqnīn must be understood within several overlapping and mutually reinforcing traditions, namely, Andalusian Rabbanism, reformed Mālikism, and early Almohadism.
萨拉-斯特罗姆萨(Sarah Stroumsa)2009 年出版的《迈蒙尼德在他的世界中》一书促使人们重新思考阿尔摩哈德对中世纪犹太思想的影响。现在,许多人认为阿尔摩哈德思想至少是摩西-迈蒙尼德思想的熔炉。本文扩大了对阿尔摩哈德影响的探索,将迈蒙尼德未被充分研究的同时代人约瑟夫-本-犹大-伊本-阿克宁(Joseph ben Judah Ibn ʿAqnīn)也包括在内。该书侧重于这两位思想家提出的法学理论,以评估他们的观点在多大程度上可被视为具有独特的阿尔摩哈德风格。根据早期安达卢西亚思想和发展中的阿尔摩哈德思想对中世纪犹太法律理论进行评估,可以进行精细的分析,确定犹太人何时认可阿尔摩哈德思想,何时认可其他伊斯兰法学派的主张。最后,至少在法理学问题上,迈蒙尼德和伊本-阿克宁必须在几个相互重叠、相互促进的传统中加以理解,即安达卢西亚拉班主义、改革后的毛利克主义和早期的阿尔摩哈德主义。
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引用次数: 0
The Longer Theology of Aristotle, Book X.14–17a: a Critical Edition and Translation 亚里士多德的长篇神学,第 X.14-17a 册:批判版和译本
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-12340015
Alexander Treiger
The Longer Theology of Aristotle (LThA) is an interpolated version of the Theology of Aristotle (the latter being an Arabic adaptation of Plotinus’ Enneads IV–VI). LThA is preserved mainly in Judeo-Arabic manuscripts and a sixteenth-century Latin translation. Its importance lies in the fact that some non-Plotinian interpolations contained therein may be witnesses to lost Arabic philosophical sources (such as “Ibn Ḥasdāy’s Neoplatonist” postulated by Stern). The present study offers a critical edition and translation of LThA, Book X.14–17a. This passage contains several significant non-Plotinian interpolations. In particular, it exhibits a unique “Logos theology,” i.e., the idea that the divine “Logos” or “Word” (in Arabic: al-Kalima) constitutes an intermediary hypostasis between the Creator and His first creation, the Intellect. LThA shares this Logos theology with several Ismāʿīlī thinkers, notably the tenth-century Ismāʿīlī theologian Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī; in fact, the passage edited and translated herein (as well as the immediately preceding section: LThA, X.6–13) contains nearly-verbatim parallels to al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maqālīd. These parallels are presented in the Appendix.
亚里士多德长篇神学》(Longer Theology of Aristotle,LTHA)是《亚里士多德神学》的插叙版本(后者是根据普罗提诺的《启示录》(Enneads IV-VI)改编的阿拉伯语版本)。LThA 主要保存在犹太阿拉伯语手稿和 16 世纪的拉丁语译本中。它的重要性在于,其中包含的一些非普罗提诺的插文可能是失落的阿拉伯哲学来源的见证(如斯特恩假设的 "伊本-哈斯达伊的新柏拉图主义者")。本研究提供了 LThA 第 X.14-17a 卷的批判性版本和翻译。这段经文包含几处重要的非普罗泰尼插文。特别是,它展示了一种独特的 "逻各斯神学",即认为神圣的 "逻各斯 "或 "道"(阿拉伯语:al-Kalima)是造物主和他的第一个创造物--智力--之间的中介。LThA 与几位伊斯玛思想家分享了这种逻各斯神学,特别是十世纪的伊斯玛神学家阿布-雅库布-西吉斯塔尼;事实上,本文编辑和翻译的段落(以及紧接着的前一部分:LTHA, X.6-13)几乎与西吉斯塔尼的 Kitāb al-Maqālīd 一模一样。附录中介绍了这些相似之处。
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引用次数: 0
Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī’s Commentary on Ibn Sīnā’s Qānūn in Historical Context: Edition and Translation of the Preface Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī's Commentary on Ibn Sīnā's Qānūn in Historical Context:序言的版本和翻译
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-bja10008
Fateme Savadi, Osama Eshera
Ibn Sīnā’s al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb, especially its first book, al-Kulliyyāt, elicited dozens of commentaries from the 6th/12th century through the 8th/14th century. Among them, Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī’s commentary, entitled al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya, is distinguished in that in it he analyzed and synthesized almost all commentaries written before his death in 710/1311. This article shows how Shīrāzī bridged some of the political boundaries that divided the Islamic world after the Mongol invasion to gather his predecessors’ commentaries, as well as other sources for composing al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya. Shīrāzī’s extensive travels and proximity to patronage allowed him to acquire, and later disseminate, medical and scientific texts that were otherwise unavailable in Anatolia and the eastern territories of the Islamic world.
伊本-西纳的《al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb》,尤其是其第一部《al-Kulliyyāt》,从 6/12 世纪到 8/14 世纪引发了数十种注释。其中,Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī 的评论名为《al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya》,其与众不同之处在于,他在评论中分析并综合了 710/1311 年去世前撰写的几乎所有评论。这篇文章展示了什拉齐如何弥合蒙古入侵后分裂伊斯兰世界的一些政治疆界,收集前人的注释以及其他资料,从而创作出《al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya》。Shīrāzī 广泛的旅行和接近赞助人的经历使他获得了在安纳托利亚和伊斯兰世界东部地区无法获得的医学和科学文献,并在之后将其传播开来。
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引用次数: 0
Lives of Patriarchs, Lives of Qadis: Reading the Abbasid Sources of the “History of the Patriarchs” as Islamicate Texts 先祖们的生活,卡迪人的生活:把阿巴斯王朝的“先祖历史”作为伊斯兰文本来读
Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-bja10007
Cecilia Palombo
Abstract This article discusses the literary representation of religious leadership in the Siyar al-bīʿa al-muqaddasa , also known as “History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria”. It suggests reading accounts on early Muslim rule within the frameworks of Islamicate literature from the Abbasid and the Fatimid periods, when the collection was created, also considering successive layers of redaction. This approach contrasts with a more conventional way of reading such texts as historical sources on Christian-Muslim relations and as witnesses of the early Islamic period. By comparing stories of patriarchs and rulers with stories about qadis and rulers, the article highlights the importance of framing early Islamicate Christian sources in relation to a broader cultural context and historical developments, without exaggerating their early dating. Finally, it proposes that there is historical meaning to be found in the display of linguistic and narrative anachronisms.
摘要本文探讨了《亚历山大宗主教史》中宗教领袖的文学表现。它建议在阿拔斯王朝(Abbasid)和法蒂玛王朝(Fatimid)时期的伊斯兰文学框架内阅读关于早期穆斯林统治的叙述,同时考虑逐层修订。这种方法与一种更传统的阅读方式形成对比,这种阅读方式将这些文本视为基督教-穆斯林关系的历史来源,以及早期伊斯兰时期的见证。通过比较先祖和统治者的故事与卡迪斯和统治者的故事,文章强调了将早期伊斯兰基督教的来源与更广泛的文化背景和历史发展联系起来的重要性,而不是夸大他们的早期年代。最后,本文提出在语言和叙事的时代错误中可以找到历史意义。
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引用次数: 0
Ibn Rushd in the Safavid Iran: “En Orient, après Averroès … ” Revisited 伊本·拉什德在萨法维王朝的伊朗:“东方,亚洲,亚洲……
Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-12340014
Fouad Ben Ahmed
Abstract Tracing the possible ways in which the thought of Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) was transmitted within Muslim contexts can be such a “frustrating” and “depressing” task that it may have contributed to the near absence of his name in the lists of influential philosophers of Islam in the eastern part of the Islamic world. This article, through the consultation of original texts and manuscripts sets out to throw some light on this seeming absence. It offers a revision of Henry Corbin’s famous assertion about Ibn Rushd’s fate in the East by addressing the various receptions of Ibn Rushd’s texts in North Africa, Egypt, and the Levant, examining available manuscript catalogs of Ibn Rushd’s writings in Iran, and analyzing an important work by ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī (d. 1072/1661–1662), one of the most famous philosophers of the 17th century.
追踪伊本·鲁士德(Averroes, d. 595/1198)思想在穆斯林背景下传播的可能方式可能是一项“令人沮丧”和“令人沮丧”的任务,这可能是导致他的名字几乎没有出现在伊斯兰世界东部有影响力的伊斯兰哲学家名单中的原因。这篇文章,通过对原始文本和手稿的咨询,开始对这种表面上的缺失进行一些阐明。它提供了亨利·科尔宾关于伊本·鲁世德在东方命运的著名断言的修订,通过解决伊本·鲁世德在北非、埃及和黎凡特的文本的各种接受,检查伊本·鲁世德在伊朗的著作的现有手稿目录,并分析了17世纪最著名的哲学家之一阿卜杜拉al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī(1072/1661-1662)的重要著作。
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引用次数: 0
Front matter 前页
Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-01101000
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引用次数: 0
The Library of Eugen Mittwoch (1876–1942)
Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-bja10006
Sabine Schmidtke
Eugen Mittwoch (1876–1942) was one of the most prominent representatives of German Orientalism during the first decades of the twentieth century. Trained as an Arabist and Semitist, Mittwoch was at the same time a specialist of Ethiopian studies, and he was part of the circle of Carl Heinrich Becker (1876–1933) who initiated a new direction for Islamic studies in Orientalism. At the same time, Mittwoch was also engaged in the study of the Geniza and he worked on topics relevant to the Science of Judaism (“Wissenschaft des Judentums”). Mittwoch’s academic career ended abruptly when he was dismissed from his professorial position at the end of 1935 and eventually forced into exile in 1938. As a result, only portions of his professional and personal Nachlass have come to us. The present study provides a first overview of the available sources for a reconstruction of his biography and it discusses in some depth those that inform us of the fate of his library, in 1939, when his family joined him in London, as well as after his death in 1942.
欧根·米特沃奇(1876-1942)是二十世纪前几十年德国东方主义最杰出的代表人物之一。作为阿拉伯主义者和犹太主义者,Mittwoch同时也是埃塞俄比亚研究的专家,他是卡尔·海因里希·贝克尔(1876-1933)圈子的一员,他开创了东方主义中伊斯兰研究的新方向。与此同时,Mittwoch也在从事《圣经》的研究,并致力于与犹太教科学相关的课题(“Wissenschaft des Judentums”)。1935年底,米特沃奇被解除教授职务,并于1938年被迫流亡,他的学术生涯戛然结束。因此,他的专业和个人的Nachlass只有一部分出现在我们面前。本研究首先概述了重建他的传记的可用资料,并深入讨论了那些告诉我们他的图书馆命运的资料,1939年,当他的家人来到伦敦,以及1942年他去世后。
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引用次数: 0
Rationalität in der islamischen Theologie. Band I: Die klassische Periode, edited by Maha El Kaisy-Friemuth, Reza Hajatpour and Mohammed Abdel Rahem 的理性伊斯兰神学第一卷:经典时期
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-12340013
Frank Griffel
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引用次数: 0
Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra: A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam, written by Josef van Ess 《希吉拉二、三世纪的神学与社会:早期伊斯兰教的宗教思想史》,约瑟夫·范·埃斯著
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-12340012
D. Bennett
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引用次数: 1
The Biography of Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nuʿmānī Muḥammad传b. Ibrāhīm al-Nu - mānī
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/2212943x-bja10005
A. Rezaei
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nuʿmānī, al-Kātib, (d. before 360/971) is a venerable Imāmī traditionist for his celebrated work the Kitāb al-ghayba—a compilation of nearly 445 traditions to demonstrate the occultation of the twelfth Imam and his parousia in the last days of history. Although some monographical studies have been done on this author and his work, the biographical questions about the Imāmī community that he came from, the first places from where he started his Ḥadīth study, and the connection between his being kātib by profession and his learning traditions remained unanswered. The present article is an endeavor to present a more complete biography of al-Nuʿmānī. It consists of an examination of the socioreligious milieu of his hometown al-Nuʿmāniyya, the different places that he visited to his teachers, some fragmentary information about his grandson Abū l-Qāsim al-Maghribī, his stay in Aleppo, his works and pupils, and a more plausible date of his death in Aleppo.
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nu - mānī, al-Kātib,(公元360/971年之前)是一位受人尊敬的Imāmī传统主义者,他的著名作品Kitāb al-ghayba是近445种传统的汇编,展示了第十二伊玛目的掩星和他在历史的最后一天的parousia。尽管对这位作者和他的作品进行了一些专题研究,但关于他所来自的Imāmī社区,他开始Ḥadīth研究的第一个地方,以及他的kātib职业与他的学习传统之间的联系的传记问题仍然没有答案。目前的文章是一个努力提出一个更完整的al-Nu - al传记mānī。书中考察了他的家乡al-Nu ā māniyya的社会宗教环境,他曾到过的不同地方,他的老师,关于他的孙子abhi l-Qāsim al- maghrib ā的一些零碎信息,他在阿勒颇的逗留,他的作品和学生,以及他在阿勒颇的一个更可信的死亡日期。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Intellectual history of the Islamicate world
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