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A decade on: successes and future directions for integrating physical activity into healthcare curricula in the UK and EU 十年:英国和欧盟将体育锻炼纳入医疗保健课程的成功经验和未来方向
IF 18.4 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108607
Ann Bernadette Gates, Fiona Moffatt, George S Metsios
In 2014, as part of the outcomes from the inaugural World Heart Federations Emerging Leaders’ work,1 a network of collaborators and change agents set about strengthening the capacity of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to support patients and communities to be more physically active. The intent was to influence the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and poor health, in the context of research demonstrating that even brief physical activity advice during routine consultations can translate to significant clinical outcomes.2 The community of practice3 aim was simple: to upskill, through capacity building, key frontline professionals of any healthcare discipline to be more confident, capable and competent in implementing interventions to mitigate NCDs. This included enabling HCPs to promote greater physical activity by their patients and use their leadership influence to effect wide-scale change in society.4 Previous initiatives across UK medical and health schools to access free physical activity and health resources and implement them through curriculum change resulted in slow and inconsistent uptake. Similar suboptimal outcomes were reflected in other countries.5 However, in 2019, the European Union (EU) ERASMUS+Virtual Advice, Nurturing, Guidance on Universal Action, Research and Development for physical activity and sport engagement (VANGUARD) project enabled five European schools of medicine (and one UK-based physiotherapy school) to embed bespoke resources, secure academic support and empower future HCPs. The VANGUARD project objectives were to: 1. Embed physical activity in the EU undergraduate curricula of future frontline HCPs (medical doctors and subsequently allied health professions) in these six European countries to help promote and sustain health. 2. Foster meaningful collaborative partnerships in the implementation, methodology and evaluation of physical activity in the EU curricula of future frontline HCPs. 3. Develop an at-scale approach, led by future HCPs, in the critical role of physical activity/sport in the prevention and treatment …
2014 年,作为首届世界心脏联盟 "新兴领袖 "工作成果的一部分1 ,一个由合作者和变革推动者组成的网络着手加强医疗保健专业人员(HCPs)的能力,以支持患者和社区更加积极地参加体育锻炼。2 实践社区3 的目标很简单:通过能力建设,提高任何医疗保健学科的主要一线专业人员的技能,使他们更有信心、能力和胜任实施干预措施以减轻非传染性疾病。这包括使医疗保健专业人员能够促进其病人进行更多的体育锻炼,并利用他们的领导影响力在社会中实现大范围的变革。4 此前,英国医学院和卫生学校曾倡议获取免费的体育锻炼和健康资源,并通过课程改革来实施这些资源,但结果是实施缓慢且不一致。5 然而,在 2019 年,欧洲联盟(EU)的 ERASMUS+ 虚拟咨询、培育、通用行动指南、体育活动和运动参与的研究与发展(VANGUARD)项目使五所欧洲医学院(和一所英国物理治疗学院)能够嵌入定制资源,确保学术支持并增强未来卫生保健人员的能力。VANGUARD 项目的目标是1.将体育锻炼纳入这六个欧洲国家未来一线卫生保健人员(医生及其后的专职卫生保健人员)的欧盟本科课程,以帮助促进和维持健康。2.2. 在未来一线卫生保健人员的欧盟课程中,在体育活动的实施、方法和评估方面建立有意义的合作伙伴关系。3.由未来的卫生保健专业人员主导,开发一种大规模的方法,以发挥体育活动/运动在预防和治疗疾病中的关键作用...
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引用次数: 0
Standing in the shadows: is standing a tonic or a toxin for cardiometabolic health? 站在阴影中:站立是心脏代谢健康的补品还是毒素?
IF 18.4 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108232
Andreas Holtermann, Pieter Coenen, Matthew N. Ahmadi, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Leon Straker
Need to put the health effects of standing in the research spotlight. Since the turn of the century, the spotlight on the cardiometabolic risks of prolonged sitting has overshadowed the health effects of perhaps the greatest behavioural change in the transition from hunter-gatherers to modern humans: the remarkable increase in time spent standing.1 As an example, figure 1 makes a comparison in device-measured time spent in various postures between middle-aged British adults2 and Hadza adults in Tanzania1 who still live a typical hunter-gatherer lifestyle. These data illustrate that in modern western society adults spend more than twice as much time in standing postures while stepping less, than typical hunter-gatherers. There are many differences between the populations which might confound these differences, but they indicate that globally, adults might have different compositions of physical behaviours depending on whether they are living in agricultural, industrial or information-based communities. A large portion of present-day adults spend a considerable amount of their day standing, with recent data from international adult cohorts showing that daily standing accounts for a staggering 3.1–4.6 hours/day or approximately 19%–29% of total waking times.2 3 Figure 1 Comparison in device-measured posture and activity (sedentary, standing, stepping and sleeping) allocation between middle-aged British adults2 (representing modern lifestyle) and Hadza …
需要将站立对健康的影响置于研究的聚光灯下。1 举例来说,图 1 比较了英国中年人2 和坦桑尼亚哈扎族成年人1 在各种姿势下所花费的设备测量时间,后者仍然过着典型的狩猎采集生活。这些数据表明,在现代西方社会中,成年人的站姿时间是典型狩猎采集者的两倍多,而迈步时间则更少。不同人群之间的许多差异可能会混淆这些差异,但它们表明,在全球范围内,成年人的身体行为组合可能会有所不同,这取决于他们是生活在农业社区、工业社区还是以信息为基础的社区。目前,大部分成年人每天都要花费大量时间站立,最近的国际成年人队列数据显示,每天站立的时间达到了惊人的 3.1-4.6 小时,约占总清醒时间的 19%-29%2 3 图 1 英国中年成年人2 (代表现代生活方式)与哈德扎人在设备测量的姿势和活动(久坐、站立、迈步和睡眠)分配方面的比较...
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引用次数: 0
Where is the research on sport-related concussion in Olympic athletes? A descriptive report and assessment of the impact of access to multidisciplinary care on recovery. 关于奥林匹克运动员运动相关脑震荡的研究在哪里?一份描述性报告,并评估获得多学科治疗对康复的影响。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108211
Thomas Romeas, Félix Croteau, Suzanne Leclerc

Objectives: This cohort study reported descriptive statistics in athletes engaged in Summer and Winter Olympic sports who sustained a sport-related concussion (SRC) and assessed the impact of access to multidisciplinary care and injury modifiers on recovery.

Methods: 133 athletes formed two subgroups treated in a Canadian sport institute medical clinic: earlier (≤7 days) and late (≥8 days) access. Descriptive sample characteristics were reported and unrestricted return to sport (RTS) was evaluated based on access groups as well as injury modifiers. Correlations were assessed between time to RTS, history of concussions, the number of specialist consults and initial symptoms.

Results: 160 SRC (median age 19.1 years; female=86 (54%); male=74 (46%)) were observed with a median (IQR) RTS duration of 34.0 (21.0-63.0) days. Median days to care access was different in the early (1; nSRC=77) and late (20; nSRC=83) groups, resulting in median (IQR) RTS duration of 26.0 (17.0-38.5) and 45.0 (27.5-84.5) days, respectively (p<0.001). Initial symptoms displayed a meaningful correlation with prognosis in this study (p<0.05), and female athletes (52 days (95% CI 42 to 101)) had longer recovery trajectories than male athletes (39 days (95% CI 31 to 65)) in the late access group (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Olympic athletes in this cohort experienced an RTS time frame of about a month, partly due to limited access to multidisciplinary care and resources. Earlier access to care shortened the RTS delay. Greater initial symptoms and female sex in the late access group were meaningful modifiers of a longer RTS.

研究目的方法:133 名运动员组成两个亚组,分别在加拿大体育学院医疗诊所接受治疗:早期(≤7 天)和晚期(≥8 天)。报告了样本的描述性特征,并根据就诊组别和损伤改变因素对无限制恢复运动(RTS)进行了评估。对恢复运动时间、脑震荡病史、专家会诊次数和初始症状之间的相关性进行了评估:共观察到 160 名 SRC(中位年龄 19.1 岁;女性=86(54%);男性=74(46%)),RTS 持续时间中位数(IQR)为 34.0(21.0-63.0)天。早期组(1;nSRC=77)和晚期组(20;nSRC=83)获得护理的中位天数不同,RTS持续时间的中位数(IQR)分别为26.0(17.0-38.5)天和45.0(27.5-84.5)天(P结论:该队列中的奥林匹克运动员的 RTS 持续时间约为一个月,部分原因是获得多学科治疗和资源的机会有限。较早获得治疗缩短了 RTS 的延迟时间。在较晚获得治疗的人群中,初始症状较重和女性是导致RTS时间延长的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
High rates of respiratory illnesses upon arrival: lessons from Team USA at the Santiago 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games. 抵达后呼吸道疾病发病率高:圣地亚哥 2023 年泛美和巴拉那美洲运动会美国队的经验教训。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108384
Eric G Post, Travis Anderson, Olivia Samson, Ashley N Triplett, Alexis D Gidley, Steven S Isono, Jennifer Watters, Amber T Donaldson, Jonathan T Finnoff, William M Adams

Objective: To describe the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses among Team USA athletes competing at the Santiago 2023 Pan American Games (PAG) and Parapan American Games (PPAG), with a particular focus on the incidence of respiratory illnesses and on injuries for sports new to the Olympic and Paralympic programmes.

Methods: Illnesses and injuries occurring among the 870 Team USA athletes competing in the Santiago 2023 PAG or PPAG were documented within Team USA's Injury and Illness Surveillance system. Illness and injury incidence per 1000 athlete-days (ADs) and incidence ratios (IR) were calculated, both with 95% CIs.

Results: Illness (IR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6, 3.9) and injury (IR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.5) rates were greater during PPAG compared with PAG. Illness rates were higher in the pre-opening ceremony period compared with the competition period for both PAG (IR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1, 5.9) and PPAG (IR 1.9, 95% CI 0.9, 3.8). Respiratory illness was the most common illness with 3.2% and 8.9% of all Team USA athletes reporting a respiratory illness during the PAG and PPAG, respectively. Sports that are relatively new to the Olympic/Paralympic programmes exhibited the highest injury rates during the Games: breaking (250.0 (91.7, 544.2) per 1000 ADs), Para taekwondo (93.8 (19.3, 274.0) per 1000 ADs) and surfing (88.9 (24.2, 227.6) per 1000 ADs).

Conclusion: Respiratory illness rates were the most common type of illness during both PAG and PPAG and were more likely to occur prior to competition starting. Our data have identified high injury risk populations (breaking, surfing, Para taekwondo) and timing (pre-opening ceremony period) for further risk factor analysis.

目的描述参加圣地亚哥 2023 年泛美运动会(PAG)和泛亚运动会(PPAG)的美国队运动员的伤病发生率和特点,尤其关注呼吸道疾病的发生率以及奥运会和残奥会新项目的伤病情况:方法:在美国队的伤病监测系统中记录了参加圣地亚哥 2023 年泛美运动会或泛美残奥会的 870 名美国队运动员的伤病情况。计算了每 1000 个运动员日(ADs)的疾病和受伤发生率以及发生率比(IR),均为 95% CIs:结果:PPAG 运动期间的患病率(IR 2.5,95% CI 1.6,3.9)和受伤率(IR 1.8,95% CI 1.3,2.5)均高于 PAG 运动期间。与比赛期间相比,PAG(IR 2.7,95% CI 1.1,5.9)和 PPAG(IR 1.9,95% CI 0.9,3.8)在开幕式前期间的患病率均较高。呼吸道疾病是最常见的疾病,分别有 3.2% 和 8.9% 的美国队运动员在 PAG 和 PPAG 期间报告患有呼吸道疾病。在奥运会/残奥会项目中,相对较新的运动项目在奥运会期间的受伤率最高:破冰(每 1000 ADs 250.0 (91.7, 544.2))、残疾人跆拳道(每 1000 ADs 93.8 (19.3, 274.0))和冲浪(每 1000 ADs 88.9 (24.2, 227.6)):呼吸道疾病是 PAG 和 PPAG 期间最常见的疾病类型,并且更有可能发生在比赛开始之前。我们的数据确定了高受伤风险人群(破冰、冲浪、残疾人跆拳道)和时间(开幕式前),以便进行进一步的风险因素分析。
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引用次数: 0
Paris air quality monitoring for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics: focus on air pollutants and pollen. 2024 年奥运会和残奥会巴黎空气质量监测:关注空气污染物和花粉。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129
Valerie Bougault, Richard Valorso, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Dominique Baisnee, Nicolas Visez, Gilles Oliver, Jordan Bureau, Fatine Abdoussi, Veronique Ghersi, Gilles Foret

Background: Exposure to air pollution can affect the health of individuals with respiratory disease, but may also impede the health and performance of athletes. This is potentially relevant for people travelling to and competing in the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) in Paris. We describe anticipated air quality in Paris based on historical monitoring data and describe the impact of the process on the development of monitoring strategies for future international sporting events.

Methods: Air pollutant data for July to September 2020-2023 and pollen data for 2015-2022 were provided by Airparif (particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) and RNSA stations in the Paris region. Airparif's street-level numerical modelling provided spatial data for the OPG venues.

Results: The maximum daily mean PM2.5 was 11±6 µg/m3 at traffic stations, below the WHO recommended daily air quality threshold (AQT). Daily NO2 concentrations ranged from 5±3 µg/m3 in rural areas to 17±14 µgm3 in urban areas. Near traffic stations, this rose to 40±24 µg/m3 exceeding the WHO AQT. Both peaked around 06:00 and 20:00 UTC (coordinated universal time). The ambient O3 level exceeded the AQT on 20 days per month and peaked at 14:00 UTC. The main allergenic taxa from June to September was Poaceae (ie, grass pollen variety).

Conclusion: Air pollutant levels are expected to be within accepted air quality thresholds at the Paris OPG. However, O3 concentrations may be significantly raised in very hot and clear conditions and grass pollen levels will be high, prompting a need to consider and manage this risk in susceptible individuals.

背景:暴露于空气污染中会影响呼吸系统疾病患者的健康,同时也会妨碍运动员的健康和表现。这可能与前往巴黎参加奥运会和残奥会(OPG)的人员有关。我们根据历史监测数据描述了巴黎的预期空气质量,并描述了这一过程对未来国际体育赛事监测战略制定的影响:2020-2023年7月至9月的空气污染物数据和2015-2022年的花粉数据由Airparif(颗粒物(PM2.5)、二氧化氮(NO2)和臭氧(O3))和巴黎大区的RNSA站点提供。Airparif 的街道级数值模型为 OPG 场馆提供了空间数据:交通站点的 PM2.5 最大日平均值为 11±6 µg/m3,低于世界卫生组织建议的日空气质量阈值(AQT)。二氧化氮的日浓度范围从农村地区的 5±3 µg/m3 到城市地区的 17±14 µgm3。在交通站点附近,这一浓度上升到 40±24 微克/立方米,超过了世界卫生组织的空气质量阈值。两者的峰值都出现在 6:00 和 20:00(协调世界时)前后。每月有 20 天的环境臭氧浓度超过了世界协调时的空气质量标准,峰值出现在世界协调时 14:00。6 月至 9 月的主要过敏原分类群为 Poaceae(即草花粉品种):结论:预计巴黎 OPG 的空气污染物水平不会超过公认的空气质量阈值。然而,在非常炎热和晴朗的条件下,臭氧浓度可能会显著升高,草花粉含量也会很高,因此需要考虑和管理易感人群的这一风险。
{"title":"Paris air quality monitoring for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics: focus on air pollutants and pollen.","authors":"Valerie Bougault, Richard Valorso, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Dominique Baisnee, Nicolas Visez, Gilles Oliver, Jordan Bureau, Fatine Abdoussi, Veronique Ghersi, Gilles Foret","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to air pollution can affect the health of individuals with respiratory disease, but may also impede the health and performance of athletes. This is potentially relevant for people travelling to and competing in the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) in Paris. We describe anticipated air quality in Paris based on historical monitoring data and describe the impact of the process on the development of monitoring strategies for future international sporting events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Air pollutant data for July to September 2020-2023 and pollen data for 2015-2022 were provided by Airparif (particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)) and RNSA stations in the Paris region. Airparif's street-level numerical modelling provided spatial data for the OPG venues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum daily mean PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 11±6 µg/m<sup>3</sup> at traffic stations, below the WHO recommended daily air quality threshold (AQT). Daily NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations ranged from 5±3 µg/m<sup>3</sup> in rural areas to 17±14 µgm<sup>3</sup> in urban areas. Near traffic stations, this rose to 40±24 µg/m<sup>3</sup> exceeding the WHO AQT. Both peaked around 06:00 and 20:00 UTC (coordinated universal time). The ambient O<sub>3</sub> level exceeded the AQT on 20 days per month and peaked at 14:00 UTC. The main allergenic taxa from June to September was Poaceae (ie, grass pollen variety).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Air pollutant levels are expected to be within accepted air quality thresholds at the Paris OPG. However, O<sub>3</sub> concentrations may be significantly raised in very hot and clear conditions and grass pollen levels will be high, prompting a need to consider and manage this risk in susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"973-982"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ice challenge in recent summer olympic games. 最近夏季奥运会上的冰上挑战。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664
Sebastien Racinais, Mohammed Ihsan, Marie-Elaine Grant, Valentin Dablainville, Yohan Rousse, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Richard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen
{"title":"Ice challenge in recent summer olympic games.","authors":"Sebastien Racinais, Mohammed Ihsan, Marie-Elaine Grant, Valentin Dablainville, Yohan Rousse, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Richard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"943-945"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport: ReFORM synthesis of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement. 记录和报告体育运动伤病流行病学数据的方法:ReFORM 国际奥林匹克委员会共识声明综述。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516
Pascal Edouard, Camille Tooth
{"title":"Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport: ReFORM synthesis of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement.","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Camille Tooth","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"941-943"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games: an analysis of data from 2016 to 2022. 奥运会和残奥会治疗用药豁免的普遍性:2016 年至 2022 年的数据分析。
IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108266
Alan Vernec, David Healy, Tamar Banon, Andrea Petroczi

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to describe the prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) among athletes competing in four Olympic and four Paralympic games. The secondary objective was to present the prohibited substance and methods classes associated with TUEs.

Methods: Data from the Anti-Doping Administration and Management System were extracted for this cross-sectional observation study. Eight cohorts were created to include athletes with TUEs who competed in the Rio 2016, Pyeongchang 2018, Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic games. Prevalence of TUEs and proportion of prohibited substance and methods classes were defined as percentages among all athletes competing at each games.

Results: 28 583 athletes competed in four editions of the Olympic games. Total prevalence of athletes with TUEs was 0.90% among all competitors. At the four Paralympic games, a total of 9852 athletes competed and the total TUE prevalence was 2.76%. The most frequently observed substances associated with TUEs at the Summer Olympics were glucocorticoids (0.50% in Rio) and stimulants (0.39% in Tokyo). At the Summer Paralympics, diuretics (0.79% in Rio) and stimulants (0.75% in Tokyo) were the most common. Winter games had somewhat similar trends, although TUE numbers were very low.

Conclusions: The number of athletes competing with valid TUEs at the Olympic and Paralympic games was <1% and <3%, respectively. Variations in substances and methods associated with TUEs for different medical conditions were identified. Nevertheless, numbers were low, further reaffirming that TUEs are not widespread in elite sport.

研究目的这项研究的目的是描述参加四届奥运会和四届残奥会的运动员中治疗用药豁免(TUE)的普遍程度。其次是介绍与治疗用药豁免相关的禁用物质和禁用方法类别:这项横断面观察研究从反兴奋剂管理和管理系统中提取了数据。这项横断面观察研究从反兴奋剂管理和管理系统中提取了数据,建立了八个队列,包括参加 2016 年里约奥运会、2018 年平昌冬奥会、2020 年东京奥运会和 2022 年北京奥运会和残奥会的获得治疗用药豁免的运动员。治疗用药豁免的流行率以及禁用物质和禁用方法类别的比例被定义为每届奥运会所有参赛运动员的百分比。结果:28 583 名运动员参加了四届奥运会,获得治疗用药豁免的运动员占所有参赛运动员的 0.90%。在四届残奥会上,共有 9852 名运动员参赛,治疗用药豁免的总患病率为 2.76%。在夏季奥运会上,最常见的与治疗用药豁免有关的物质是糖皮质激素(里约为 0.50%)和兴奋剂(东京为 0.39%)。在夏季残奥会上,最常见的是利尿剂(里约为 0.79%)和兴奋剂(东京为 0.75%)。冬季残奥会的趋势与夏季残奥会略有类似,但治疗用药豁免的数量非常少:结论:在奥运会和残奥会上,持有有效治疗用药豁免的参赛运动员人数如下
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引用次数: 0
Navigating the Olympic journey—presenting a contemporary paradigm for elite-level youth athletes 领航奥运之旅--为精英级青少年运动员提供当代范例
IF 18.4 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108837
Michael F Bergeron
The global youth sports landscape continues to exhibit pronounced growth providing increasing and exciting opportunities for youth athletes to compete on the world’s sports stage. Likewise, there is a parallel growing concern whether the existing minimum age eligibility requirements (AERs) across the International Federations for youth participation in the Olympic Games are appropriate. For those sport disciplines that have AERs, the current age thresholds are largely variable and not fully scientifically informed, and the limited research and supporting evidence relied on are notably complicated by the distinctively vulnerable age range of concern. Adolescence is inherently dynamic and non-linear with asynchronous development of numerous physical, physiological, psychological and social attributes within and between individuals. Accordingly, each athlete’s personal development profile uniquely affects their own athletic development and corresponding performance and risk in sport. Whereas an apt discipline-specific or overall AER is arguably warranted, precisely where those respective limits should be sensibly established cannot be easily defined. What is more, an AER alone (although convenient) would not be sufficient in enabling …
全球青年体育运动继续呈现出明显的增长势头,为青年运动员在世界体育舞台上竞技提供了越来越多令人兴奋的机会。同样,人们也越来越关注各国际单项体育联合会现行的青少年参加奥运会的最低年龄资格要求(AERs)是否适当。对于那些有 AER 的体育项目来说,目前的年龄门槛大多是可变的,没有充分的科学依据。青春期本质上是动态和非线性的,在个体内部和个体之间,许多身体、生理、心理和社会属性的发展是不同步的。因此,每个运动员的个人发展情况都会对其自身的运动发展以及相应的运动表现和风险产生独特的影响。可以说,针对特定学科或整体的适当运动耐力值是有必要的,但要精确地确定各自的极限并不容易。更重要的是,仅有一个 AER(尽管很方便)并不足以使......
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引用次数: 0
Effects of muscle strength training combined with aerobic training versus aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials 肌力训练联合有氧训练与单独有氧训练对冠心病患者心血管疾病风险指标的影响:随机临床试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 18.4 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108530
Tasuku Terada, Robert Pap, Abby Thomas, Roger Wei, Takumi Noda, Sarah Visintini, Jennifer L Reed
Objective To compare the effects of aerobic training combined with muscle strength training (hereafter referred to as combined training) to aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, trial registries and grey literature sources were searched in February 2024. Eligibility criteria Randomised clinical trials comparing the effects of ≥4 weeks of combined training and aerobic training alone on at least one of the following outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric and haemodynamic measures and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers in patients with CAD. Results Of 13 246 studies screened, 23 were included (N=916). Combined training was more effective in increasing CRF (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.26, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49, p=0.03) and lean body mass (mean difference (MD) 0.78 kg, 95% CI 0.39 kg to 1.17 kg, p<0.001), and reducing per cent body fat (MD −2.2%, 95% CI −3.5% to −0.9%, p=0.001) compared with aerobic training alone. There were no differences in the cardiometabolic biomarkers between the groups. Our subgroup analyses showed that combined training increases CRF more than aerobic training alone when muscle strength training was added to aerobic training without compromising aerobic training volume (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68, p=0.02). Conclusion Combined training had greater effects on CRF and body composition than aerobic training alone in patients with CAD. To promote an increase in CRF in patients with CAD, muscle strength training should be added to aerobic training without reducing aerobic exercise volume. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.
目的 比较有氧训练联合肌力训练(以下简称联合训练)与单纯有氧训练对冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者心血管疾病风险指标的影响。设计 系统回顾与荟萃分析。数据来源于 2024 年 2 月检索的 MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、Scopus、试验登记处和灰色文献来源。资格标准 比较≥4周的联合训练和单独有氧训练对 CAD 患者心肺功能(CRF)、人体测量和血液动力学指标以及心脏代谢血液生物标志物中至少一项结果的影响的随机临床试验。结果 在筛选出的 13 246 项研究中,有 23 项被纳入(N=916)。与单独进行有氧训练相比,联合训练在增加CRF(标准平均差(SMD)为0.26,95% CI为0.02至0.49,p=0.03)和瘦体重(平均差(MD)为0.78公斤,95% CI为0.39公斤至1.17公斤,p<0.001)以及降低体脂百分比(MD为-2.2%,95% CI为-3.5%至-0.9%,p=0.001)方面更为有效。两组之间的心脏代谢生物标志物没有差异。我们的亚组分析表明,在不影响有氧训练量的情况下,如果在有氧训练中加入肌力训练,联合训练比单纯有氧训练更能增加 CRF(SMD 0.36,95% CI 0.05 至 0.68,p=0.02)。结论 与单独的有氧训练相比,联合训练对冠状动脉粥样硬化患者的CRF和身体成分有更大的影响。要想提高 CAD 患者的 CRF,应在不减少有氧运动量的情况下,在有氧训练的基础上增加肌肉力量训练。与该研究相关的所有数据均包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Sports Medicine
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