British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Polygenic risk analysis in physical activity and health: why are the same results interpreted differently?","authors":"Viktor H Ahlqvist, Marcel Ballin","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108697","url":null,"abstract":"Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), designed to capture genetic predisposition to specific traits,1 are becoming increasingly accessible at scale and are being used in physical activity research. PRSs are typically calculated by aggregating the effect sizes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a particular trait or disease, usually derived from genome-wide association studies (GWASs), into a score for each individual to reflect their genetic liability to that trait or disease. Various methodologies exist for constructing PRSs, ranging from simple to more complex.1 The simplest approach often involves selecting a subset of SNPs based on their associated p values from the GWAS, while more sophisticated methods may incorporate additional data, such as linkage disequilibrium patterns or functional genomic information.1 Regardless of the approach, the appeal of PRSs lies in their simplicity and versatility, especially as they can be readily computed in cohorts with existing genetic data. This makes PRSs valuable both for controlling confounding and as a research focus in their own right. This editorial aims to discuss some key challenges in using PRSs for analysing physical activity and health, focusing on the difficulty of distinguishing mechanisms behind associations and the limited clinical interpretability of effect estimates. We also offer some practical recommendations for future research. Recent studies have employed PRSs related to physical activity to investigate various outcomes, finding that high scores are associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and all-cause mortality.2–4 However, the interpretation of these results is hampered by several challenges. A fundamental challenge is that several potential explanations exist for why a PRS for physical activity might be associated with health outcomes. These include a true causal effect of physical activity on health outcomes and the influence of shared genetics. Unfortunately, …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health problems and injury management in adolescent handball: the Safeplay one-season cohort study of 679 players","authors":"Merete Møller, Stian Isaksen Johansen, Grethe Myklebust, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Sören Möller, Ulla Mikkelsen, Niels Wedderkopp, Martin Lind","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108493","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To assess (1) the 1-year prevalence of previous shoulder, knee and ankle injuries; (2) the in-season prevalence proportion (prevalence) of injuries and illnesses, injury incidence rate (ir) and injury burden (product of ir and weeks with injuries); (3) initial injury management strategies. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 679 highest-division Danish handball players aged 14–18. Players self-reported past-year shoulder, knee and ankle injuries at baseline, and weekly information on any handball-related injuries (irrespective of time loss and medical attention), illnesses, exposure hours and injury management over 31 weeks. Results At baseline, 46% (95% CI 42% to 49%) of the players reported a past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. The weekly average injury and illness prevalence was 21% (95% CI 19% to 23%) and 2% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.3%), respectively, and the ir was 9.4 (95% CI 8.7 to 10.2)/1000 hours. Females experienced the highest injury burden from knee injuries (ir: 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) × 6.7 (95% CI 4.7 to 8.7) weeks with injury/1000 hours), while males experienced the highest injury burden from shoulder injuries (ir: 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) × 5.7 (95% CI 3.6 to 7.8) weeks with injury/1000 hours). Health professionals were consulted in 58% (95% CI 54% to 62%) of injuries, players independently made the return to sport decision in 44% (95% CI 37% to 51%) of injury recurrences, and used analgesics, mainly (91% (95% CI 85% to 95%)) sourced from home, in 24% (95% CI 21% to 28%) of injuries. Conclusion Almost half of highest-division adolescent Danish handball players reported a previous past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. Any time during the season, 21% reported an injury and 2% an illness. The highest injury burdens were from knee injuries in females and shoulder injuries in males. Health professionals often managed injuries, but players frequently made return to sport decisions independently and commonly used analgesics sourced from home. Data are available upon reasonable request. All data are available on reasonable request. All personally identifiable information will be deleted or anonymised before data transfer.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with mild dementia: findings from the Mexico City Prospective Study","authors":"Gary O'Donovan, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Gerson Ferrari, Catalina Medina, Carolina Ochoa-Rosales, Olga L L Sarmiento, Agustín Ibáñez","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108460","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To investigate associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with mild dementia. Methods Participants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and re-surveyed from 2015 to 2019. Participants were asked about leisure time physical activity at baseline. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed ‘weekend warriors’ and those who exercised more often were termed ‘regularly active’. A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess mild dementia at re-survey. Cox models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, civil status, sleep, diet and alcohol at baseline. The attributable fraction was defined as the proportion of cases that would not exist if all adults were to exercise once or twice per week or more often. Results The analysis included 10 033 adults of mean (SD) age 51 (10) years followed for 16 (2) years. There were 2400 cases when mild dementia was defined as a score of ≤22 on the MMSE. Compared with the group that reported no sport or exercise, the hazard ratio was 0.75 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.91) in the weekend warrior group, 0.89 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.02) in the regularly active group and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.95) in the combined group. The attributable fraction was 13% (95% CI 5% to 21%). Similar results were observed when mild dementia was defined as a score of ≤23 on the MMSE. Conclusions This longitudinal analysis suggests that the weekend warrior physical activity pattern is associated with a reduced risk of mild dementia. Data are available upon reasonable request. Mexico City Prospective Study data are available for open-access data requests. The data access policy is described online: <http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/research/mcps>.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation, barriers, facilitators and bullying experiences of trans people in sport and fitness: findings from a national community survey of trans people in Australia","authors":"Sasha Bailey, Benjamin Trevitt, Sav Zwickl, Beau Newell, Emma Staples, Ryan Storr, Ada S Cheung","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-107852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107852","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study aimed to assess participation rates of transgender and gender diverse (trans) people in sport/fitness activities, compare mental health outcomes for trans people participating in sport/fitness with those who do not and explore internal/external barriers and bullying experiences faced by trans people in sport/fitness contexts. Methods A cross-sectional online survey open to trans people aged ≥16 years living in Australia was conducted between February and April 2023 and it assessed rates of sport/fitness participation, barriers to participation and bullying experiences through multiple-choice questions. Mental health measures comprised the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and self-reported history of self-harm and suicidality. Covariate-adjusted binary logistic regression models tested associations between interpersonal factors, sport/fitness variables and mental health outcomes. Results Of 664 respondents (median age 32 years), around one-third (32.8%) regularly participated in sport/fitness. Common internal barriers to participation included anxiety about others’ reactions (63.9%), body dissatisfaction/dysphoria (56.5%) and fears about feeling accepted/affirmed by others (54.7%). Respondents commonly reported experiencing inadequate bathroom/changing facilities (44.4%), exclusionary rules and regulations surrounding gender (36.7%), and invasive or uncomfortable policies or procedures (23.3%). Over one-third (34.4%) of trans people had experienced gender-based bullying or exclusion. Regular sport/fitness participation was associated with significantly lower K10 scores (mean difference=−4.4, 95% CI−5.8, –2.9, p<0.001) and a 40% reduction in odds of recent thoughts of self-harm and suicide (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5, 0.9, p=0.01; aOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4, 0.9, p=0.02). Conclusion Trans people face significant barriers to sport/fitness despite experiencing significant mental health and personal benefits from participation. Affirming and including trans people in sport and fitness should be a key priority for sport and fitness federations, organisations and policy-makers.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) and major adverse cardiovascular events: evidence of sex differences","authors":"Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew Ahmadi, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Marie H Murphy, Angelo Sabag, Scott Lear, Clara Chow, Jason M R Gill, Mark Hamer","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108484","url":null,"abstract":"Background Vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) refers to brief bouts of intense physical activity embedded into daily life. Objective To examine sex differences in the dose–response association of VILPA with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and its subtypes. Methods Using multivariable-adjusted cubic splines, we examined the associations of daily VILPA duration with overall MACE and its subtypes (incident myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke) among non-exercisers (individuals self-reporting no leisure-time exercise and no more than one recreational walk per week) in the UK Biobank. We also undertook analogous analyses for vigorous physical activity among exercisers (individuals self-reporting participation in leisure-time exercise and/or recreational walking more than once a week). Results Among 13 018 women and 9350 men, there were 331 and 488 all MACE, respectively, over a 7.9-year follow-up. In women, daily VILPA duration exhibited a near-linear dose–response association with all MACE, myocardial infarction and heart failure. In men, dose-reponse curves were less clear with less evidence of statistical signifigance. Compared with women with no VILPA, women’s median daily VILPA duration of 3.4 min was associated with hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals) of 0.55 (0.41 to 0.75) for all MACE and 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59) for heart failure. Women’s minimum doses of 1.2–1.6 min of VILPA per day were associated with HRs of 0.70 (0.58 to 0.86) for all MACE, 0.67 (0.50 to 0.91) for myocardial infarction, and 0.60 (0.45 to 0.81) for heart failure. The equivalent analyses in UK Biobank’s accelerometry sub-study exercisers suggested no appreciable sex differences in dose–response. Conclusions Among non-exercising women, small amounts of VILPA were associated with a substantially lower risk of all MACE, myocardial infarction and heart failure. VILPA may be a promising physical activity target for cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in women unable or not willing to engage in formal exercise. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the UK Biobank, but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are, however, available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the UK Biobank. ES and MA had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The statistical code used in the analyses of this manuscript is available upon request. The authors have archived the statistical code of multiple similar manuscripts, e.g. <https://zenodo.org/record/7187927%23.Y0ZfoHZBy3A>.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low energy availability surrogates are associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport outcomes in male athletes","authors":"Bryan Holtzman, Rose K Kelly, Grace H Saville, Lauren McCall, Kaya A Adelzedah, Samantha R Sarafin, Prakruthi Nikam, Isabella Meneguzzi, Abby McIntyre, Emily K Kraus, Kathryn E Ackerman","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109165","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To determine the association between surrogates of low energy availability (EA) and proposed health and performance outcomes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in a clinical sample of adolescent and young adult male athletes. Methods Male athletes ages 15–30 years presenting to a sports medicine clinic at two tertiary care centres were invited to complete a survey about athlete health and well-being. Participants were divided into low EA and adequate EA groups based on survey responses. The associations between low EA and REDs outcomes were evaluated using χ2 tests and ORs were calculated using binomial logistic regression (significance: p<0.05). Results Low EA was associated with increased frequency of self-reported immunological, metabolic, psychological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal dysfunction; reduced endurance performance, response to training, judgement, coordination and muscle strength; and increased irritability and depression. Low EA athletes were more likely to have self-reported cardiovascular dysfunction (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.26) and psychological illness (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.91 to 5.41), decreased training response (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.03) and endurance performance (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.52) and were less likely to have self-reported gonadal dysfunction (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.81), than adequate EA athletes (p<0.05). Conclusions Low EA surrogates are associated with many adverse health outcomes and performance effects of REDs in male athletes. More prospective REDs research in males is needed to improve various aspects of REDs screening in young male athletes. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs): the role of the physiotherapist","authors":"Manon Dauvergne, Marie-Elaine Grant, Margo Mountjoy","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108751","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) has grown significantly between 2018 and 2022 with over 170 original publications in this period. The latest International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on REDs was published in 2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in a dedicated edition with 10 accompanying narrative reviews and editorials.1 The 2023 IOC REDs consensus statement includes the following: Figure 1 REDs health conceptual model. The effects of LEA exist on a continuum. While some exposure to LEA is mild and transient termed adaptable LEA (arrow depicted in white), problematic LEA is associated with a variety of adverse REDs outcomes (arrow depicted in red). *Mental health issues can either precede REDs or be the result of REDs. LEA, low energy availability; REDs, relative energy deficiency in sport. As recommended in the consensus statement, a multidisciplinary approach is essential when managing REDs. This includes the creation of a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship, which includes active listening and the prioritisation of holistic care.1 Members of the multidisciplinary athlete health and performance team should be knowledgeable in REDs-related science and have clinical competence in the recognition and treatment of REDs. Gillbanks et al identified a lack of vigilance for the signs or symptoms of REDs among physiotherapists, as well …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘First, do no harm’: conducting research on interpersonal violence in sport","authors":"Tine Vertommen, Mary Woessner, Emma Kavanagh, Sylvie Parent, Aurélie Pankowiak, Leen Haerens, Cleo Schyvinck, Bram Constandt, Ramón Spaaij, Vidar Stevens, Annick Willem, Margo Mountjoy","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108767","url":null,"abstract":"It was Hippocrates who stated ‘First, do no harm’, and we believe the sentiment of this medical principle is one that every researcher should embody when conducting research on interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. Conducting such research presents unique considerations for researchers, particularly in relation to supporting participant and researcher well-being. Similarly, approaching this sensitive topic with clear definitions of IV in sport and an understanding of trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC) is paramount to the protection and care of everyone involved in the research. The landscape for researching IV in sport that has rapidly emerged to investigate its determinants from various lenses including ethical, sociological, psychological, criminological and organisational.1 2 The siloed nature of research on IV in sport also has led to inconsistency in terminology, hindering effective communication and collaboration within and outside the field. The terms used to describe and study IV in sport have a profound impact on how the problem is communicated and understood. The use of diverging definitions creates challenges for determining what is within or outside the scope of research, limits our ability to meaningfully compare prevalences and experiences reported across projects, and impacts methodological considerations such as the effective recruitment of participants. Currently, terms such as maltreatment, non-accidental violence, harm, harassment, abuse and IV are used interchangeably, and clarification on the use of terminologies is essential. This paper aligns with the latest International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement1 and the WHO’s typology of violence3 and focuses on ‘ interpersonal violence’, which differs from self-directed and collective violence (box 1). Box 1 ### Glossary with operationalised definitions of interpersonal violence in sport","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic effectiveness of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 supplemented with a brief clinical intake interview in a cohort of Polish elite Olympic athletes","authors":"Wojciech Waleriańczyk, Jarosław Krzywański, Joanna Gorgol, Katarzyna Konopka, Agata Kuśmierczyk, Grzegorz Lisek, Piotr Maleszka, Małgorzata Sławińska, Olga Surała, Grzegorz Więcław, Katarzyna Wójcik, Hubert Krysztofiak","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108919","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Several studies have used the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) among athletes but none have combined SMHAT-1 with a subsequent clinical intake interview. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of SMHAT-1 supplemented by a brief, in-person clinical intake interview in evaluating the prevalence of mental health concerns in elite athletes. Methods Sections 1 and 2 from SMHAT-1 were administered in person during the routine biannual medical check-up for Olympic athletes at the National Centre for Sports Medicine in Poland. Immediately after completing the measures, all athletes were interviewed by qualified psychologists who evaluated their mental health and provided recommendations. Results A total of 1121 elite athletes (545 female, 576 male) aged 18–53 (M=24.39, SD=5.09) were evaluated 2–8 months before the 2024 Paris Olympic Games; 72.4% scored above the triage threshold and 51% were positively screened in SMHAT-1’s section 2. Based on the subsequent mental health evaluation, only 9.5% showed signs of persistent mental health concerns and required referral to a mental health specialist. In 24.2%, their distress levels/symptoms were assessed as occasional and normal in relation to demands, and they underwent a psychoeducational intervention or were advised to consult a sports psychologist. Female athletes scored significantly higher in most questionnaires. Conclusion SMHAT-1 proved a useful addition to the routine medical check-ups for elite athletes. Extending SMHAT-1 with a brief clinical intake interview substantially elevated the efficacy of the mental health evaluation, with an additional benefit of raising mental health literacy. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. All data were anonymised and shared [online supplemental file 2][1]. [1]: #DC3","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying evidence-practice gaps for shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers: uniting literature and expert opinion.","authors":"Alec Kenneth McKenzie, Andrea Hams, Jonathon Headrick, Alex Donaldson, Rick Dann, Joseph Coyne, Steven John Duhig","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-108023","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-108023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify evidence-practice gaps regarding shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We gathered insights from 27 swimming experts including elite swimmers, coaches, high-performance staff and applied researchers using Concept Mapping. Participants brainstormed, sorted and rated (from 1 (least) to 10 (most) important and modifiable) their ideas of shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers. Proposed risk factors rated above the grand mean for importance (6.2±0.4) or modifiability (6.5±0.5) ratings were considered highly important/modifiable. Expert opinions were then juxtaposed with systematic review findings to identify overlaps or convergences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brainstorming generated 126 proposed shoulder injury risk factors for competitive swimmers, subsequently refined to 61 unique proposed risk factors by removing duplicates and combining similar responses. The participants sorted the 61 risk factors into seven distinct clusters. Experts perceived 36/61 proposed risk factors as highly important, of which 6 were supported by literature, 6 showed no association with injury, 2 had conflicting evidence and the remaining 22 have not yet been investigated, suggesting an evidence-practice gap. Three proposed risk factors 'inconsistent training load', 'poor stroke technique' and 'low posterior shoulder strength-endurance' exhibited high perceived importance, high perceived modifiability and supporting evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An evidence-practice gap was identified for 28 proposed risk factors perceived as highly important by swimming experts despite either (1) no relevant empirical research (n=22), or (2) no association with injury (n=6) from synthesised evidence. Greater collaboration between researchers and practitioners is needed to effectively address shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1187-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}