Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109060
Ahmad Fadhly Arham, Nor Sabrena Norizan, Rani Diana Othman
Sukan Para Malaysia (Para Sukma) is a multisport event for disabled athletes in Malaysia, established in 1982. Initially called the National Games for Disabled Members of Malaysia, it became the Malaysian Paralympic Games in 1998 and was renamed Sukan Para Malaysia in 2018. The event now occurs biennially, alongside the Malaysian Games, in the same host state. In 2024, Melaka will participate with 83 contingents, including 63 athletes and 20 officials, competing in various sports such as archery, swimming, tenpin bowling, chess, badminton, table tennis, powerlifting, athletics, boccia and lawn bowls. Athletes represent diverse disabilities, including physical, intellectual and visual impairments. Based on previous achievements, Melaka aims to secure nine gold medals this year. Table 1 provides the breakdown of the Melaka’s Para Contingent 2024. View this table: Table 1 The breakdown of Melaka Para Contingent 2024 To ensure that the athletes are mentally ready for this year’s competition, the Department of Youth and Sports of Melaka (KBS), together with the Sports and Recreation Association of Disabled People of the State of Melaka (PESRON), has organised a 1-day team-building programme for all participating athletes and officials. This team-building session aims to frame the champion mindset and encourage inclusivity and team spirit among participating athletes with disabilities. Even though only 31 athletes and 6 coaches attended the programme, the presence of all managers and facilitators from the KBS, PESRON and the organiser has facilitated the programme’s effectiveness. This was the first time those athletes had been exposed to mental training. As Anuar and Bahar1 contended, visualisation techniques among disabled athletes are still underexplored. During the mind-setting session, all athletes and …
{"title":"Unleashing the champion mindset among Melaka’s para athletes of the Malaysia Games","authors":"Ahmad Fadhly Arham, Nor Sabrena Norizan, Rani Diana Othman","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109060","url":null,"abstract":"Sukan Para Malaysia (Para Sukma) is a multisport event for disabled athletes in Malaysia, established in 1982. Initially called the National Games for Disabled Members of Malaysia, it became the Malaysian Paralympic Games in 1998 and was renamed Sukan Para Malaysia in 2018. The event now occurs biennially, alongside the Malaysian Games, in the same host state. In 2024, Melaka will participate with 83 contingents, including 63 athletes and 20 officials, competing in various sports such as archery, swimming, tenpin bowling, chess, badminton, table tennis, powerlifting, athletics, boccia and lawn bowls. Athletes represent diverse disabilities, including physical, intellectual and visual impairments. Based on previous achievements, Melaka aims to secure nine gold medals this year. Table 1 provides the breakdown of the Melaka’s Para Contingent 2024. View this table: Table 1 The breakdown of Melaka Para Contingent 2024 To ensure that the athletes are mentally ready for this year’s competition, the Department of Youth and Sports of Melaka (KBS), together with the Sports and Recreation Association of Disabled People of the State of Melaka (PESRON), has organised a 1-day team-building programme for all participating athletes and officials. This team-building session aims to frame the champion mindset and encourage inclusivity and team spirit among participating athletes with disabilities. Even though only 31 athletes and 6 coaches attended the programme, the presence of all managers and facilitators from the KBS, PESRON and the organiser has facilitated the programme’s effectiveness. This was the first time those athletes had been exposed to mental training. As Anuar and Bahar1 contended, visualisation techniques among disabled athletes are still underexplored. During the mind-setting session, all athletes and …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108947
Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna, Barry A Franklin, John M Jakicic, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Linda S Pescatello, Deborah Riebe, Walter R Thompson, James Skinner, Sheri R Colberg, Nouf H Alkhamees, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Mehmet Gülü, Abdullah F Alghannam, Alexios Batrakoulis
Objective To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024. The search strategy included the following keywords: diabetes, resistance exercise and strength training. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCTs published in English comparing resistance training alone with non-exercising standard treatment. Participants were adults diagnosed with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2). Results A total of 18 RCTs qualified involving 1180 patients (48.6/51.4 female/male ratio; 63.3±7.0 years; 29.3±4.3 kg/m2). Waist circumference (standardised mean differences (SMD) −0.85 cm, 95% CI −1.66 to −0.04), waist-to-hip ratio (SMD −0.72, 95% CI −1.30 to −0.15), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD +0.40 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.07 to −0.72), triglycerides (SMD −0.54 mg/dL, 95% CI −1.06 to −0.02), fasting blood glucose (SMD −0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.19 to −0.12), fasting insulin (SMD −0.74 uIU/mL, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.36) and glycated haemoglobin (SMD −0.32%, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.01) improved compared with standard treatment. The risk of bias was low to unclear, and the quality of evidence was very low to moderate. Conclusions Resistance training as a standalone exercise intervention in the management and treatment of T2DM with concurrent overweight/obesity is associated with many cardiometabolic benefits when compared with standard treatment without exercise. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022355612. Data are available upon reasonable request. Data are available on reasonable request by contacting the corresponding author.
目的探讨抗阻训练对2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并超重/肥胖患者心脏代谢相关结局的影响。设计随机对照试验（RCTs）的系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源为PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Science Direct、Cochrane Library和谷歌Scholar数据库，检索时间从成立到2024年5月。搜索策略包括以下关键词：糖尿病、抗阻运动和力量训练。选择研究的资格标准英文发表的随机对照试验比较单独抗阻训练和非运动标准治疗。参与者为诊断为T2DM并伴有超重/肥胖（体重指数(BMI)≥25kg /m2）的成年人。结果共纳入18项符合条件的随机对照试验，共纳入1180例患者(男女比例为48.6/51.4；63.3±7.0年;29.3±4.3 kg / m2)。腰围（标准化平均差异(SMD) - 0.85 cm, 95% CI - 1.66至- 0.04），腰臀比（SMD - 0.72, 95% CI - 1.30至- 0.15），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（SMD +0.40 mg/dL, 95% CI - 0.07至- 0.72），甘油三酯（SMD - 0.54 mg/dL, 95% CI - 1.06至- 0.02），空腹血糖（SMD - 0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI - 1.19至- 0.12），空腹胰岛素（SMD - 0.74 uIU/mL, 95% CI - 1.12至- 0.36）和糖化血红蛋白(SMD - 0.32%，95% CI为- 0.63 ~ - 0.01)，与标准治疗相比改善。偏倚风险为低至不明确，证据质量为极低至中等。结论：与不运动的标准治疗相比，抗阻训练作为一种独立的运动干预在T2DM合并超重/肥胖的管理和治疗中具有许多心脏代谢益处。普洛斯彼罗注册号CRD42022355612。如有合理要求，可提供资料。如有合理要求，可与通讯作者联系获取数据。
{"title":"Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","authors":"Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna, Barry A Franklin, John M Jakicic, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Linda S Pescatello, Deborah Riebe, Walter R Thompson, James Skinner, Sheri R Colberg, Nouf H Alkhamees, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Mehmet Gülü, Abdullah F Alghannam, Alexios Batrakoulis","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108947","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024. The search strategy included the following keywords: diabetes, resistance exercise and strength training. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCTs published in English comparing resistance training alone with non-exercising standard treatment. Participants were adults diagnosed with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2). Results A total of 18 RCTs qualified involving 1180 patients (48.6/51.4 female/male ratio; 63.3±7.0 years; 29.3±4.3 kg/m2). Waist circumference (standardised mean differences (SMD) −0.85 cm, 95% CI −1.66 to −0.04), waist-to-hip ratio (SMD −0.72, 95% CI −1.30 to −0.15), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD +0.40 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.07 to −0.72), triglycerides (SMD −0.54 mg/dL, 95% CI −1.06 to −0.02), fasting blood glucose (SMD −0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.19 to −0.12), fasting insulin (SMD −0.74 uIU/mL, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.36) and glycated haemoglobin (SMD −0.32%, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.01) improved compared with standard treatment. The risk of bias was low to unclear, and the quality of evidence was very low to moderate. Conclusions Resistance training as a standalone exercise intervention in the management and treatment of T2DM with concurrent overweight/obesity is associated with many cardiometabolic benefits when compared with standard treatment without exercise. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022355612. Data are available upon reasonable request. Data are available on reasonable request by contacting the corresponding author.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108813
Ntokozo Mabena, Nivash Rugbeer, Sandra Lehmann, Georgia Torres, Deepak Patel, Mosima Mabunda, Mike Greyling, Jane S Thornton, Yun-Hee Choi, Saverio Stranges, Jon S Patricios
Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer. Methods We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events. Levels of physical activity over the 12 months before cancer diagnosis were categorised as no physical activity, low physical activity (an average of <60 min/week) and moderate to high physical activity (≥60 min/week). Measured outcomes were time to progression, time to death and all cause mortality. Results Physically active members showed lower rates of cancer progression and lower rates of death from all causes. The HR for progression to higher stages or death was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89), comparing low activity with no physical activity, and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.77), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. The HR for all cause mortality was 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), comparing low physical activity with no activity, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.58), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. Conclusions Individuals engaging in any level of recorded physical activity showed a reduced risk of cancer progression or mortality than those not physically active. There was a further reduction among individuals with moderate to high levels of physical activity compared with those with lower levels. No data are available.
本研究旨在确定1期癌症患者的进展和死亡率与他们在癌症诊断前记录的体育活动之间的关系。方法：我们纳入了28248名参加南非肿瘤项目的1期癌症患者。研究人员使用健身设备记录了他们的身体活动，记录了他们在健身房的时间和参加有组织的健身活动的情况。癌症诊断前12个月的体力活动水平分为无体力活动、低体力活动（平均<60分钟/周）和中高体力活动（≥60分钟/周）。测量的结果是进展时间、死亡时间和全因死亡率。结果体育锻炼的成员癌症进展率较低，各种原因导致的死亡率较低。进展到较高阶段或死亡的HR为0.84 (95% CI 0.79至0.89)，与低运动与无身体运动相比，HR为0.73 (95% CI 0.70至0.77)，与中运动与高运动与无身体运动相比。全因死亡率的HR为0.67 (95% CI 0.61至0.74)，比较低体力活动与无体力活动，和0.53 (95% CI 0.50至0.58)，比较中体力活动与高体力活动与无体力活动。结论：与不运动的人相比，从事任何水平的体力活动都显示出癌症进展或死亡的风险降低。与运动量较低的人相比，运动量中高的人患痴呆症的风险进一步降低。无数据。
{"title":"Association between recorded physical activity and cancer progression or mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer in South Africa","authors":"Ntokozo Mabena, Nivash Rugbeer, Sandra Lehmann, Georgia Torres, Deepak Patel, Mosima Mabunda, Mike Greyling, Jane S Thornton, Yun-Hee Choi, Saverio Stranges, Jon S Patricios","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108813","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer. Methods We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events. Levels of physical activity over the 12 months before cancer diagnosis were categorised as no physical activity, low physical activity (an average of <60 min/week) and moderate to high physical activity (≥60 min/week). Measured outcomes were time to progression, time to death and all cause mortality. Results Physically active members showed lower rates of cancer progression and lower rates of death from all causes. The HR for progression to higher stages or death was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89), comparing low activity with no physical activity, and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.77), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. The HR for all cause mortality was 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), comparing low physical activity with no activity, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.58), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. Conclusions Individuals engaging in any level of recorded physical activity showed a reduced risk of cancer progression or mortality than those not physically active. There was a further reduction among individuals with moderate to high levels of physical activity compared with those with lower levels. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109443
Ine Mylle
My PhD aimed to gain insights in the relationship between triceps surae muscle force-sharing, Achilles tendon properties, and changes in pain, tendon structure and functioning during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. The long-term aim of this work was to identify new outcomes that could optimise and improve rehabilitation strategies. We identified differences in force-sharing between patients with Achilles tendinopathy and healthy controls, assessed Achilles tendon property changes over time, compared responders from non-responders throughout rehabilitation and investigated the impact of incorporating Achilles (sub)tendon characteristics into musculoskeletal models. ### Why did I do it? The Achilles tendon is connected to, and loaded through force production of the three triceps surae muscle forces: the soleus (SOL), the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and medialis (GM). Tendon remodelling occurs due to repetitive, high or unusual loads as internal tendon strains will increase, leading to microtrauma, where the arrangement of collagen fibres within the tendon gets disorganised. This common overuse injury, known as Achilles tendinopathy, affects both competitive and recreational athletes. Various structural and functional changes in the tendinopathic tendon are observed compared with healthy tendons, for example, increased volume and cross-sectional area, and decreased stiffness, …
{"title":"Understanding the role of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit during rehabilitation from Achilles tendinopathy (PhD academy award)","authors":"Ine Mylle","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109443","url":null,"abstract":"My PhD aimed to gain insights in the relationship between triceps surae muscle force-sharing, Achilles tendon properties, and changes in pain, tendon structure and functioning during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. The long-term aim of this work was to identify new outcomes that could optimise and improve rehabilitation strategies. We identified differences in force-sharing between patients with Achilles tendinopathy and healthy controls, assessed Achilles tendon property changes over time, compared responders from non-responders throughout rehabilitation and investigated the impact of incorporating Achilles (sub)tendon characteristics into musculoskeletal models. ### Why did I do it? The Achilles tendon is connected to, and loaded through force production of the three triceps surae muscle forces: the soleus (SOL), the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and medialis (GM). Tendon remodelling occurs due to repetitive, high or unusual loads as internal tendon strains will increase, leading to microtrauma, where the arrangement of collagen fibres within the tendon gets disorganised. This common overuse injury, known as Achilles tendinopathy, affects both competitive and recreational athletes. Various structural and functional changes in the tendinopathic tendon are observed compared with healthy tendons, for example, increased volume and cross-sectional area, and decreased stiffness, …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109066
Daniel M Cushman, Derek Stokes, Leyen Vu, Blake Corcoran, Michael Fredericson, Sarah F Eby, Masaru Teramoto
Objectives Tendinopathy and fasciopathy are common conditions that can result in time-loss injury in athletes. This study aimed to determine if preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are associated with future time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from three institutions participated in this 3-year prospective, observational study. Each athlete completed a questionnaire, self-reporting current and prior symptoms and underwent an ultrasound examination of bilateral patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae during annual preseason examinations. Ultrasound evaluations assessed for tendon and fascia thickening, hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation. Athletes were monitored for time-loss injury over the subsequent year. Results A total of 695 athletes across 18 sporting disciplines (61.1% female, age 20.0±1.6, body mass index 23.1±2.9 kg/m2) were analysed over 3 years. Sonographic abnormalities were identified in 36.6%, 7.5% and 2.8% of the patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae, respectively. Injuries were reported in 3.3%, 1.6% and 0.7% of these structures with an adjusted relative risk of injury increased by 8.9 (95% CI 3.7, 21.4), 18.8 (95% CI 7.2, 48.8) and 21.0 (95% CI 6.4, 68.1) times in those with preseason ultrasound abnormalities (p<0.001). The presence of an ultrasound abnormality was more predictive of future injury than self-report of a prior injury or pain in the area at the time of the scan. Conclusion Preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon or plantar fascia are associated with a higher risk of developing time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Data are available on reasonable request.
目的肌腱病和筋膜病是运动员中常见的可导致时间损失损伤的疾病。本研究旨在确定赛季前髌骨肌腱、跟腱和足底筋膜的超声异常是否与大学运动员未来的时间损失损伤有关。方法：来自三所院校的全国大学体育协会一级运动员参加了这项为期3年的前瞻性观察研究。每位运动员都完成了一份问卷，自我报告了目前和以前的症状，并在每年的季前检查中接受了双侧髌骨肌腱、跟腱和足底筋膜的超声检查。超声评估肌腱和筋膜增厚，低回声和新生血管。在接下来的一年里，对运动员进行了时间损失性损伤的监测。结果3年来共调查18个体育项目695名运动员，其中女性61.1%，年龄20.0±1.6岁，体重指数23.1±2.9 kg/m2。髌骨、跟腱和足底筋膜超声异常分别为36.6%、7.5%和2.8%。这些结构的损伤发生率分别为3.3%、1.6%和0.7%，经校正的相对损伤风险在季前超声异常组中分别增加了8.9倍（95% CI 3.7, 21.4）、18.8倍（95% CI 7.2, 48.8）和21.0倍（95% CI 6.4, 68.1） （p<0.001）。超声异常的存在比自我报告先前的损伤或扫描时该区域疼痛更能预测未来的损伤。结论髌腱、跟腱、足底筋膜的季前超声异常与大学生运动员发生时耗性损伤的危险性增高有关。如有合理要求，可提供资料。
{"title":"Ultrasound as a predictor of time-loss injury for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in division I collegiate athletes","authors":"Daniel M Cushman, Derek Stokes, Leyen Vu, Blake Corcoran, Michael Fredericson, Sarah F Eby, Masaru Teramoto","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109066","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Tendinopathy and fasciopathy are common conditions that can result in time-loss injury in athletes. This study aimed to determine if preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are associated with future time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from three institutions participated in this 3-year prospective, observational study. Each athlete completed a questionnaire, self-reporting current and prior symptoms and underwent an ultrasound examination of bilateral patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae during annual preseason examinations. Ultrasound evaluations assessed for tendon and fascia thickening, hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation. Athletes were monitored for time-loss injury over the subsequent year. Results A total of 695 athletes across 18 sporting disciplines (61.1% female, age 20.0±1.6, body mass index 23.1±2.9 kg/m2) were analysed over 3 years. Sonographic abnormalities were identified in 36.6%, 7.5% and 2.8% of the patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae, respectively. Injuries were reported in 3.3%, 1.6% and 0.7% of these structures with an adjusted relative risk of injury increased by 8.9 (95% CI 3.7, 21.4), 18.8 (95% CI 7.2, 48.8) and 21.0 (95% CI 6.4, 68.1) times in those with preseason ultrasound abnormalities (p<0.001). The presence of an ultrasound abnormality was more predictive of future injury than self-report of a prior injury or pain in the area at the time of the scan. Conclusion Preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon or plantar fascia are associated with a higher risk of developing time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Data are available on reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108756
Sarah Whitehead, Lois Mackay, Ben Jones, Omar Heyward, Aaron S Fox, Lucy Jane Chesson, Sean Scantlebury, Dina Christina (Christa) Janse van Rensburg
This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus. In round one, experts listed perceived risk factors for injury in netball which were combined with the risk factors identified via the systematic review. In round two and round three, experts rated their level of agreement with each risk factor on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement (with<10% in disagreement). In round three, experts also rated the priority for mitigating the risk factor (1, very low to 5, very high). Nineteen experts participated in round one and round two, and 16 participated in round three (response rate 84%). One-hundred and nine risk factors for injury were identified by the systematic review and experts combined. Sixty-one risk factors reached consensus, categorised into five groups: ‘individual characteristics’ (n=22), ‘lifestyle’ (n=11), ‘training and competition’ (n=14), ‘sport science and medical provision’ (n=6) and ‘facilities and equipment’ (n=8). ‘Poor landing technique/mechanics’ had a median (IQR) mitigation priority rating of 5 (1), while all others had median ratings of 3–4.5. This study identifies a range of risk factors for injury, provides focus areas for injury prevention and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to injury mitigation in netball.
{"title":"Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus","authors":"Sarah Whitehead, Lois Mackay, Ben Jones, Omar Heyward, Aaron S Fox, Lucy Jane Chesson, Sean Scantlebury, Dina Christina (Christa) Janse van Rensburg","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108756","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus. In round one, experts listed perceived risk factors for injury in netball which were combined with the risk factors identified via the systematic review. In round two and round three, experts rated their level of agreement with each risk factor on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement (with<10% in disagreement). In round three, experts also rated the priority for mitigating the risk factor (1, very low to 5, very high). Nineteen experts participated in round one and round two, and 16 participated in round three (response rate 84%). One-hundred and nine risk factors for injury were identified by the systematic review and experts combined. Sixty-one risk factors reached consensus, categorised into five groups: ‘individual characteristics’ (n=22), ‘lifestyle’ (n=11), ‘training and competition’ (n=14), ‘sport science and medical provision’ (n=6) and ‘facilities and equipment’ (n=8). ‘Poor landing technique/mechanics’ had a median (IQR) mitigation priority rating of 5 (1), while all others had median ratings of 3–4.5. This study identifies a range of risk factors for injury, provides focus areas for injury prevention and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to injury mitigation in netball.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109204
Vitor Antonio Assis Alves Siqueira, Eurico Nestor Wilhelm, Emerson Sebastião
{"title":"Infographic. Muscle-strengthening exercise for older adults: a critical strategy for maintaining health and independence.","authors":"Vitor Antonio Assis Alves Siqueira, Eurico Nestor Wilhelm, Emerson Sebastião","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109204","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"133-134"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108396
Christopher MacDonald, Mia Bennekou, Julie Midtgaard, Hennig Langberg, Daniel Lieberman
Most cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, highlighting that lifestyle modifications should be the primary defence against developing T2D. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exercise can be an efficacious therapy for T2D, especially in conjunction with pharmacological interventions, its long-term effectiveness remains controversial owing to significant adherence challenges. In this narrative review, we combine an evolutionary perspective with epidemiological and prospective interventional studies to examine the efficacy versus effectiveness of varying volumes of exercise prescriptions for treating T2D. Commonly prescribed and recommended volumes of moderate-intensity physical activity (150 min/week) have demonstrated low-to-moderate efficacy in improving glycaemic control, reflected by improvements in glycated haemoglobin levels. Higher exercise volumes have been shown to enhance efficacy. While exercise can be moderately efficacious under the optimal circumstances of short-term exercise interventions (≤1 year), there is little evidence of its long-term effectiveness, primarily due to poor adherence. To date, no study has demonstrated long-term adherence to exercise programmes in individuals with T2D (>1 year). From an evolutionary perspective, the finding that exercise interventions are often ineffective over time is unsurprising. Although often overlooked, humans never evolved to exercise. Exercise is a counter-instinctive behaviour that can be difficult to maintain, even in healthy populations and can be especially challenging for individuals who are unfit or have T2D morbidities. We conclude by presenting several considerations informed by evolutionary logic that may be useful for practitioners, policymakers and advocates of exercise as medicine to improve exercise adherence.
{"title":"Why exercise may never be effective medicine: an evolutionary perspective on the efficacy versus effectiveness of exercise in treating type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Christopher MacDonald, Mia Bennekou, Julie Midtgaard, Hennig Langberg, Daniel Lieberman","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108396","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, highlighting that lifestyle modifications should be the primary defence against developing T2D. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exercise can be an efficacious therapy for T2D, especially in conjunction with pharmacological interventions, its long-term effectiveness remains controversial owing to significant adherence challenges. In this narrative review, we combine an evolutionary perspective with epidemiological and prospective interventional studies to examine the efficacy versus effectiveness of varying volumes of exercise prescriptions for treating T2D. Commonly prescribed and recommended volumes of moderate-intensity physical activity (150 min/week) have demonstrated low-to-moderate efficacy in improving glycaemic control, reflected by improvements in glycated haemoglobin levels. Higher exercise volumes have been shown to enhance efficacy. While exercise can be moderately efficacious under the optimal circumstances of short-term exercise interventions (≤1 year), there is little evidence of its long-term effectiveness, primarily due to poor adherence. To date, no study has demonstrated long-term adherence to exercise programmes in individuals with T2D (>1 year). From an evolutionary perspective, the finding that exercise interventions are often ineffective over time is unsurprising. Although often overlooked, humans never evolved to exercise. Exercise is a counter-instinctive behaviour that can be difficult to maintain, even in healthy populations and can be especially challenging for individuals who are unfit or have T2D morbidities. We conclude by presenting several considerations informed by evolutionary logic that may be useful for practitioners, policymakers and advocates of exercise as medicine to improve exercise adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109208
Malte Christian Claussen, David Prossor, Carolyn Nahman, James W Burger, David Baron, Carla Edwards, Ira D Glick
Long before the term ‘sports psychiatry’ was first introduced nearly 40 years ago,1 2 clinicians and academics recognised the critical role of mental and brain health in sports. For example, Jokl and Guttmann explored neurological and psychiatric studies in boxers as far back as 1932.3 More recently, with efforts spanning the last 30 years, the International Society for Sports Psychiatry (ISSP) has driven development of this field of medicine and psychiatry in the world of competitive and elite sports.4 However, the aim of sports psychiatry is not only to bring more psychiatric expertise into the care of athletes but also to bring more sport and exercise into psychiatry5 (figure 1). This multinational editorial aims to create awareness of the role of exercise medicine in psychiatric disease and advance the integration of sports psychiatry into the care of athletes by sports medicine professionals globally. Figure 1 The evolution of sports psychiatry. The definition and skill set of the sports psychiatrist is outlined in the recently published First International Consensus Statement on Sports Psychiatry.5 Sports psychiatrists complete medical and psychiatric training before specialising in sports psychiatry. The Role of a Sport Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team, Circa 2021 by Stull and Glick et al comprehensively sets out the wide range of roles, relationships and impact that a sports psychiatrist has within a sports medicine setting.6 These included awareness of gender-specific treatment, drug and alcohol disorders, racial discrimination and trauma, treating athletes, coaches and their support personnel. Finally, Glick and Reardon et al emphasised the importance of early detection of mental distress in their paper titled Sports Psychiatry: An Update and the Emerging Role of the Sports Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team.7 They highlight that early and appropriate intervention by a sports psychiatrist may potentially prevent …
{"title":"The evolution of sports psychiatry: a clinical intersection of mental health and physical activity","authors":"Malte Christian Claussen, David Prossor, Carolyn Nahman, James W Burger, David Baron, Carla Edwards, Ira D Glick","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109208","url":null,"abstract":"Long before the term ‘sports psychiatry’ was first introduced nearly 40 years ago,1 2 clinicians and academics recognised the critical role of mental and brain health in sports. For example, Jokl and Guttmann explored neurological and psychiatric studies in boxers as far back as 1932.3 More recently, with efforts spanning the last 30 years, the International Society for Sports Psychiatry (ISSP) has driven development of this field of medicine and psychiatry in the world of competitive and elite sports.4 However, the aim of sports psychiatry is not only to bring more psychiatric expertise into the care of athletes but also to bring more sport and exercise into psychiatry5 (figure 1). This multinational editorial aims to create awareness of the role of exercise medicine in psychiatric disease and advance the integration of sports psychiatry into the care of athletes by sports medicine professionals globally. Figure 1 The evolution of sports psychiatry. The definition and skill set of the sports psychiatrist is outlined in the recently published First International Consensus Statement on Sports Psychiatry.5 Sports psychiatrists complete medical and psychiatric training before specialising in sports psychiatry. The Role of a Sport Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team, Circa 2021 by Stull and Glick et al comprehensively sets out the wide range of roles, relationships and impact that a sports psychiatrist has within a sports medicine setting.6 These included awareness of gender-specific treatment, drug and alcohol disorders, racial discrimination and trauma, treating athletes, coaches and their support personnel. Finally, Glick and Reardon et al emphasised the importance of early detection of mental distress in their paper titled Sports Psychiatry: An Update and the Emerging Role of the Sports Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team.7 They highlight that early and appropriate intervention by a sports psychiatrist may potentially prevent …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109531
Blair Jarratt
They invade our lives at some point or another. At times, they cause us intense angst, and other times, we pass by without thinking about what they mean—blending into the background. So why am I talking about road cones in the warm-up for BJSM? They could symbolise us, medicine, the journey. In New Zealand, it has been reported that we have more of these than people; the road cone numbers have surpassed our national icon—the humble sheep. Road cones might be a symbol of repair or a symbol of progress—that is your perspective. I am just back from a fantastic weekend at our Sports and Exercise Physiotherapy New Zealand (SEPNZ) conference. Our Physiotherapy Keynote speakers, Tania Pizzari and Sally McLaine, made the trek across the ditch from Australia to New …
{"title":"Road cones of medicine","authors":"Blair Jarratt","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109531","url":null,"abstract":"They invade our lives at some point or another. At times, they cause us intense angst, and other times, we pass by without thinking about what they mean—blending into the background. So why am I talking about road cones in the warm-up for BJSM? They could symbolise us, medicine, the journey. In New Zealand, it has been reported that we have more of these than people; the road cone numbers have surpassed our national icon—the humble sheep. Road cones might be a symbol of repair or a symbol of progress—that is your perspective. I am just back from a fantastic weekend at our Sports and Exercise Physiotherapy New Zealand (SEPNZ) conference. Our Physiotherapy Keynote speakers, Tania Pizzari and Sally McLaine, made the trek across the ditch from Australia to New …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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