Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-110327
Luca Sophie Finnern,Jan Wilke,Steffen Willwacher,Kati Pasanen,Karsten Hollander,Dimitris Dalos,Goetz H Welsch,Tron Krosshaug,Pascal Edouard,Thomas Gronwald,Tim Hoenig
OBJECTIVESTo explore the injury-inciting situational characteristics of indirect and non-contact muscle injuries in sports, commonly referred to as muscle strains; and to investigate differences and similarities of injury patterns across muscle groups.DATA SOURCESPubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIESStudies investigating injury-inciting situational characteristics (among others, injury contact mechanisms, joint positions, movement directions) of indirect and non-contact muscle injuries in sports through video recordings.RESULTSTwenty-one studies reporting the injury-inciting situational characteristics of 728 indirect and non-contact muscle injuries were included. Non-contact mechanisms were more common (74%) than indirect contact mechanisms (26%). Most injuries were either running-related or occurred during sport-specific manoeuvres involving muscle-tendon unit length changes under active muscle contraction. For hamstring injuries, the most frequently reported injury kinematics comprised a knee joint position close to extension (underlying movement direction: flexion to extension) and a flexed hip joint position (underlying movement direction: variable). For adductor injuries, injury kinematics were characterised by rapid muscle lengthening due to hip extension, abduction and external rotation. For rectus femoris injuries, the observed injury kinematic comprised a flexing hip joint movement and extending knee joint movement. For calf injuries, the typical injury pattern comprised an ankle dorsiflexion movement with the knee being close to extension and the ankle in >10° dorsiflexion at the assumed injury time.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review found distinct, identifiable injury patterns for indirect and non-contact muscle injuries. While similar situational characteristics were identified across injuries, some patterns were more specific to particular injury locations and sports.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBERPROSPERO registration number CRD42023472252.
目的探讨运动中间接和非接触性肌肉损伤（通常称为肌肉劳损）的致伤情境特征；并研究不同肌肉群损伤模式的异同。数据来源pubmed， Web of Science， SPORTDiscus和b谷歌Scholar。选择研究的资格标准通过录像调查运动中间接和非接触性肌肉损伤的致伤情境特征（其中包括损伤接触机制、关节位置、运动方向）。结果共纳入21篇报道728例间接和非接触性肌肉损伤致伤情景特征的研究。非接触机制（74%）比间接接触机制（26%）更常见。大多数损伤要么与跑步有关，要么发生在运动特定的运动中，涉及主动肌肉收缩下肌肉肌腱单位长度的变化。对于腘绳肌损伤，最常报道的损伤运动学包括膝关节位置接近伸展（潜在的运动方向：屈曲到伸展）和髋关节位置屈曲（潜在的运动方向：可变）。对于内收肌损伤，损伤的运动学特征是由于髋关节伸展、外展和外旋导致肌肉快速延长。对于股直肌损伤，观察到的运动学损伤包括髋关节屈曲运动和膝关节伸展运动。对于小腿损伤，典型的损伤模式包括踝关节背屈运动，膝关节接近伸展，踝关节在假定的损伤时间处于10°背屈。结论：本系统综述发现了间接和非接触性肌肉损伤的独特、可识别的损伤模式。虽然在不同的损伤中发现了相似的情境特征，但有些模式更具体于特定的损伤位置和运动。普洛斯彼罗注册号普洛斯彼罗注册号CRD42023472252。
{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative situational characteristics of muscle strains in sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Luca Sophie Finnern,Jan Wilke,Steffen Willwacher,Kati Pasanen,Karsten Hollander,Dimitris Dalos,Goetz H Welsch,Tron Krosshaug,Pascal Edouard,Thomas Gronwald,Tim Hoenig","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110327","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESTo explore the injury-inciting situational characteristics of indirect and non-contact muscle injuries in sports, commonly referred to as muscle strains; and to investigate differences and similarities of injury patterns across muscle groups.DATA SOURCESPubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIESStudies investigating injury-inciting situational characteristics (among others, injury contact mechanisms, joint positions, movement directions) of indirect and non-contact muscle injuries in sports through video recordings.RESULTSTwenty-one studies reporting the injury-inciting situational characteristics of 728 indirect and non-contact muscle injuries were included. Non-contact mechanisms were more common (74%) than indirect contact mechanisms (26%). Most injuries were either running-related or occurred during sport-specific manoeuvres involving muscle-tendon unit length changes under active muscle contraction. For hamstring injuries, the most frequently reported injury kinematics comprised a knee joint position close to extension (underlying movement direction: flexion to extension) and a flexed hip joint position (underlying movement direction: variable). For adductor injuries, injury kinematics were characterised by rapid muscle lengthening due to hip extension, abduction and external rotation. For rectus femoris injuries, the observed injury kinematic comprised a flexing hip joint movement and extending knee joint movement. For calf injuries, the typical injury pattern comprised an ankle dorsiflexion movement with the knee being close to extension and the ankle in >10° dorsiflexion at the assumed injury time.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review found distinct, identifiable injury patterns for indirect and non-contact muscle injuries. While similar situational characteristics were identified across injuries, some patterns were more specific to particular injury locations and sports.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBERPROSPERO registration number CRD42023472252.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surveillance of athlete mental health symptoms and disorders: ReFORM synthesis of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement.","authors":"Katy Seil-Moreels, Camille Tooth, Alexis Ruffault, Margo Mountjoy","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109271
Margo Mountjoy, Jane Moran, Richard Budgett, David Anthony Zideman, Rick Bahr, Stephane Bermon, Xavier Bigard, Jay Binder, Éanna Cian Falvey, Mark Hart, Sergio Migliorini, Nebojsa Nikolic, Andy Smith, Laurent Dalard, Philipe LeVan, Jeremy Foster
{"title":"Field-of-Play Emergency Extrication Video Series: co-created by the International Olympic Committee, the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations, the Paris 2024 Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and International Federations.","authors":"Margo Mountjoy, Jane Moran, Richard Budgett, David Anthony Zideman, Rick Bahr, Stephane Bermon, Xavier Bigard, Jay Binder, Éanna Cian Falvey, Mark Hart, Sergio Migliorini, Nebojsa Nikolic, Andy Smith, Laurent Dalard, Philipe LeVan, Jeremy Foster","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109271","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-110144
Jinchi Tang, Fleur Boel, Michiel Ma van Buuren, Noortje S Riedstra, Myrthe A van den Berg, Harbeer Ahedi, Nigel K Arden, Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra, Cindy G Boer, Flavia Cicutini, Timothy Cootes, Kay M Crossley, David T Felson, Willem-Paul Gielis, Joshua J Heerey, Graeme Jones, Stefan Kluzek, Nancy E Lane, Claudia Lindner, John A Lynch, Joyce van Meurs, Andrea Britt Mosler, Amanda E Nelson, Michael Nevitt, Edwin H G Oei, Jos Runhaar, Harrie Weinans, Rintje Agricola
Objective: To assess the relationship between cam morphology and the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA), overall and in subgroups based on age, biological sex and body mass index (BMI).
Methods: Hips with no RHOA at baseline and with available follow-up during 4-8 years were selected from the Worldwide Collaboration on Osteoarthritis PrediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium. Alpha angles were uniformly measured on anteroposterior radiographs, with a threshold of 60° used to define cam morphology. Incident RHOA was defined as the transition from an RHOA-free state at baseline to definite diagnosis of RHOA at follow-up. The association between baseline cam morphology and the development of RHOA was assessed using a three-level mixed-effects logistic regression model, accounting for hip side, individual and cohort-level variation.
Results: A total of 23 886 hips were included (mean age: 62.2±8.4 years; 70.6% female; BMI: 27.4±4.5; mean time to follow-up: 6.1±3.0 years). Cam morphology was associated with RHOA (OR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.59), as was a greater alpha angle (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03 for every degree increase). The overall relative risk of developing RHOA in hips with cam morphology was 1.62 (95%CI 1.26 to 2.07), greatest for those aged 51-60 years (2.15, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.98) and higher in males (2.50, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.73), compared with females (1.75,95% CI 1.24 to 2.48).
Conclusion: Hips with cam morphology have higher odds of developing RHOA within 4-8 years compared with hips without cam morphology. The relative risk was highest in subgroups of participants aged 51-60 years and in males, making cam morphology a potential target for primary or secondary prevention of RHOA.
目的：以年龄、生理性别和身体质量指数（BMI）为基础，评估髋部形态与髋关节骨关节炎（RHOA）的总体和亚组之间的关系。方法：从全球髋关节骨关节炎预测合作（World COACH）联盟中选择基线时无RHOA且随访时间为4-8年的髋关节。在正位x线片上均匀测量α角，阈值为60°用于定义凸轮形态。偶发性RHOA被定义为从基线时无RHOA状态到随访时明确诊断为RHOA的转变。采用三水平混合效应logistic回归模型评估基线凸轮形态与RHOA发展之间的关系，考虑髋侧、个体和队列水平的变化。结果：共纳入23 886例髋关节，平均年龄62.2±8.4岁，女性70.6%,BMI 27.4±4.5，平均随访时间6.1±3.0年。凸轮形态与RHOA相关（OR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.36至2.59），α角越大（OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01至1.03）。与女性（1.75,95% CI 1.24 - 2.48）相比，51-60岁的男性发生RHOA的总体相对风险为1.62 (95%CI 1.26 - 2.07)，最高（2.15,95%CI 1.55 - 2.98），男性更高（2.50,95%CI 1.67 - 3.73）。结论：在4-8年内，有凸形形态的髋关节发生RHOA的几率高于无凸形形态的髋关节。在51-60岁的参与者亚组和男性中，相对风险最高，这使得cam形态成为RHOA一级或二级预防的潜在目标。
{"title":"Cam morphology and the risk of developing radiographic hip osteoarthritis within 8 years: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 23 886 hips from the world COACH consortium.","authors":"Jinchi Tang, Fleur Boel, Michiel Ma van Buuren, Noortje S Riedstra, Myrthe A van den Berg, Harbeer Ahedi, Nigel K Arden, Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra, Cindy G Boer, Flavia Cicutini, Timothy Cootes, Kay M Crossley, David T Felson, Willem-Paul Gielis, Joshua J Heerey, Graeme Jones, Stefan Kluzek, Nancy E Lane, Claudia Lindner, John A Lynch, Joyce van Meurs, Andrea Britt Mosler, Amanda E Nelson, Michael Nevitt, Edwin H G Oei, Jos Runhaar, Harrie Weinans, Rintje Agricola","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110144","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the relationship between cam morphology and the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA), overall and in subgroups based on age, biological sex and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hips with no RHOA at baseline and with available follow-up during 4-8 years were selected from the Worldwide Collaboration on Osteoarthritis PrediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium. Alpha angles were uniformly measured on anteroposterior radiographs, with a threshold of 60<sup>°</sup> used to define cam morphology. Incident RHOA was defined as the transition from an RHOA-free state at baseline to definite diagnosis of RHOA at follow-up. The association between baseline cam morphology and the development of RHOA was assessed using a three-level mixed-effects logistic regression model, accounting for hip side, individual and cohort-level variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 886 hips were included (mean age: 62.2±8.4 years; 70.6% female; BMI: 27.4±4.5; mean time to follow-up: 6.1±3.0 years). Cam morphology was associated with RHOA (OR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.59), as was a greater alpha angle (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03 for every degree increase). The overall relative risk of developing RHOA in hips with cam morphology was 1.62 (95%CI 1.26 to 2.07), greatest for those aged 51-60 years (2.15, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.98) and higher in males (2.50, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.73), compared with females (1.75,95% CI 1.24 to 2.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hips with cam morphology have higher odds of developing RHOA within 4-8 years compared with hips without cam morphology. The relative risk was highest in subgroups of participants aged 51-60 years and in males, making cam morphology a potential target for primary or secondary prevention of RHOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145629747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-111018
Hye Chang Rhim,Adam S Tenforde,Amol Saxena,Kelly C McInnis
{"title":"Sesamoid bone stress injury: revising the diagnostic framework for sesamoiditis.","authors":"Hye Chang Rhim,Adam S Tenforde,Amol Saxena,Kelly C McInnis","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-111018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-111018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-110513
Vaishnavi Vivek Chiddarwar
{"title":"Knee deep in societal norms: The role of gender-specific sociocultural factors in mediating knee injury risk in active female sex/woman gender (PhD Academy Award).","authors":"Vaishnavi Vivek Chiddarwar","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109541ret
{"title":"Retraction: The forgotten DOMS: recognising delayed muscle soreness in hand rehabilitation.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109541ret","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109541ret","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-110545
Sima Dastamooz
{"title":"Physical activity and mental health in adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: could the retina reveal the brain's response? (PhD Academy Award).","authors":"Sima Dastamooz","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-111171
Francesco Bettariga
{"title":"Acute and regular exercise effects on myokines and cancer suppression in survivors of breast cancer (PhD Academy Award).","authors":"Francesco Bettariga","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-111171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-111171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-110856
Seema Patel,Ian Varley
{"title":"Genetics, gender and justice: the legal implications of genetic testing for gender eligibility in sport.","authors":"Seema Patel,Ian Varley","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-110856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110856","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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