British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

Objective: To quantify the extent of musculoskeletal injuries in Olympic Athletics (track and field) disciplines by synthesising the current evidence on the prevalence of injured athletes, injury event incidence rates and injury characteristics.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched from inception to 28 January 2025.

Eligibility criteria: Studies reporting athletics-related musculoskeletal injuries in Olympic Athletics disciplines.

Results: From 18 319 identified references, 216 studies were included; 38% of these studies were classified as having low study quality. Data synthesis was performed on 88 studies reporting on all injuries across all Athletics disciplines (21.6% with high study quality). The synthesised prevalence of injured athletes was 11.7% (95% CI 2.0% to 26.9%) for prospective studies only including championship/competition data, and 69.7% (95% CI 52.4% to 84.5%) for prospective studies combining training and competition data. The synthesised injury event incidence rates were 68.8 injuries per 1000 registered athletes (95% CI 39.4 to 120.2) for prospective studies only including championship/competition data, and 4.2 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI 2.1 to 7.7) and 3.8 injuries per 1000 hours of Athletics (95% CI 1.7 to 8.3) for prospective studies combining training and competition data. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence was 'very low' for all outcomes, and 'low' for the injury event incidence rate per 1000 registered athletes for prospective studies conducted in championship/competition settings. Injuries were mainly located at the thigh, followed by the lower leg, foot and ankle. The main tissue type affected was the muscle, followed by tendon, ligament, skin, bone and joint.

Conclusions: This systematic review with meta-analysis quantified the extent of musculoskeletal injuries in Athletics. Our findings inform future research and healthcare service planning and support targeted injury risk reduction strategies at all levels in Athletics.

Objectives: To compare the force and stretch demands experienced by the hamstrings during seven resistance training rehabilitation exercises and progressively increasing running speeds.

Methods: A cross-sectional design. Ten male and 10 female active participants performed two trials each of four self-paced gait speeds on a treadmill (walk, and jog, run and sprint at 50%, 75% and 100% of maximum effort, respectively) and two sets of six repetitions each of seven resistance training exercises at a rate of perceived exertion ≥8/10. Data from MRI, electromyography and three-dimensional motion capture were used with musculoskeletal modelling to estimate the muscle forces and musculotendinous unit stretch during each task for the biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semimembranosus (SM) and semitendinosus (ST).

Results: The bilateral Romanian deadlift (RDL) produced significantly greater peak force in the BFlh (1.6BW, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.7) and SM (1.9BW, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.1) than any other resistance training or gait task (p<0.001). Four resistance training exercises generated peak BFlh forces that were not significantly different (p≥0.433) to maximum speed sprinting (1.0 BW, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.1): unilateral hamstring bridge (1.1 BW, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.2) and the unilateral eccentric hip extension, unilateral eccentric slider and Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) (all 0.9 BW, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.0). The RDL and unilateral hamstring bridge produced significantly greater peak stretch than any other task for BFlh, SM and ST (p<0.001), while the NHE and unilateral eccentric slider produced significantly lower stretch than any other task (p<0.001), except the hip thrust for the ST (p≥0.143).

Conclusions: The force and stretch demands experienced by the hamstrings during common resistance training exercises ranged from less than walking (eg, hip thrust) to more than sprinting (eg, RDL). However, differences between exercises and running tasks depended on the specific muscle investigated. Our results inform exercise selection strategies for hamstring injury prevention and rehabilitation.

Objective: To examine the predictive validity of field-based muscular strength tests in relation to incident long-term health conditions among adults.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, CINAHL, Epistemonikos and Google Scholar.

Eligibility criteria: Cohort studies examining the predictive value of validated and/or reliable field-based muscular strength tests in relation to long-term health conditions in adults aged ≥18 years.

Results: A total of 155 studies were included with 94 included in the meta-analysis. Adults with the highest (vs lowest) handgrip strength levels had a lower risk of multiple long-term health conditions (all p<0.05), including cardiovascular diseases (OR=0.73; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.80), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.91), musculoskeletal impairment (OR=0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76), disability (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.70), anxiety (OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99), depression (OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.78), cognitive decline (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.75), dementia (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.73) and Parkinson's disease (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.91). A 5 kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with a lower risk of developing most of these long-term health conditions. In turn, adults with the best (vs worst) performance on the 5-repetition chair-stand test had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.88), musculoskeletal impairment (OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.74), disability (OR=0.58; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.82), depression (OR=0.63; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.95), and dementia (OR=0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85). Every 1 s decrease was associated with 0.94 lower odds of musculoskeletal impairment. The overall quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, indicating limited to moderate confidence in the results.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest increased handgrip strength and chair-stand test performance are associated with a lower risk of multiple long-term health conditions among adults. This research underscores the predictive value of simple field-based muscular strength tests which appear to be clinically useful for adults across different age groups and demographic profiles.