Pub Date : 2020-08-21DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00316
Christopher Bashian, J. Schwartz, Luke Perry, G. Slotman
Background: As of 2018, LAGB represents <2% of weight loss operations, but with excellent long-term outcomes in selected patients. Thus, every clinical insight can help in selecting LAGB patients and planning surgery. While more women than men undergo bariatric surgery, differences between the sexes in obesity-related clinical conditions pre-operatively among patients seeking LAGB have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify variations in obesity-related co-morbidities among women and men who chose laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB). Methods: Pre-operative data on 53,292 women and 14,222 men undergoing LAGB were examined retrospectively from the Surgical Review Corporation’s Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD). Results: Women were more frequently African American and on Medicaid while men were more frequently Caucasian insured with Medicare. Men were older, heavier, and used alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances more frequently. Men had higher rates of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, diabetes, gout, impaired functional status, abdominal hernia, and liver disease. Women had higher rates of asthma, cholelithiasis, urinary incontinence, panniculitis, and mental health. Conclusion: Pre-operative characteristics of LAGB patients vary by sex. This clinical knowledge may aid physicians and surgeons in facilitating anticipatory management of patients with moderate obesity
{"title":"Clinical characteristics vary between women and men in 67,524 patients with moderate obesity preoperative for laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB)","authors":"Christopher Bashian, J. Schwartz, Luke Perry, G. Slotman","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As of 2018, LAGB represents <2% of weight loss operations, but with excellent long-term outcomes in selected patients. Thus, every clinical insight can help in selecting LAGB patients and planning surgery. While more women than men undergo bariatric surgery, differences between the sexes in obesity-related clinical conditions pre-operatively among patients seeking LAGB have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify variations in obesity-related co-morbidities among women and men who chose laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB). Methods: Pre-operative data on 53,292 women and 14,222 men undergoing LAGB were examined retrospectively from the Surgical Review Corporation’s Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD). Results: Women were more frequently African American and on Medicaid while men were more frequently Caucasian insured with Medicare. Men were older, heavier, and used alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances more frequently. Men had higher rates of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, diabetes, gout, impaired functional status, abdominal hernia, and liver disease. Women had higher rates of asthma, cholelithiasis, urinary incontinence, panniculitis, and mental health. Conclusion: Pre-operative characteristics of LAGB patients vary by sex. This clinical knowledge may aid physicians and surgeons in facilitating anticipatory management of patients with moderate obesity","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-08DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00315
C. Connors, Melissa L Gott, G. Slotman
Background: Variations in pre-operative characteristics by sex in bariatric surgery cannot be easily extrapolated from current literature. Objective: to identify pre-operative differences between males and females across the spectrum of bariatric procedures, weight and co-morbidities. Methods: Data from 166,601 pre-operative Surgical Review Corporation Bariatric Longitudinal Database (BOLD) patients undergoing bariatric surgery were divided into females (n=130,612) and males (n=35, 989). Statistics: Chi-square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Males displayed higher pre-operative age, BMI, weight, and rates of cardiopulmonary obesity co-morbidities, diabetes, gout, dyslipidemia, abdominal hernia, liver disease, alcohol, tobacco and substance abuse. Females suffered more from asthma, GERD, cholelithiasis, stress urinary incontinence, abdominal panniculitis, somatic obesity co-morbidities and mental health conditions (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Pre-operative weight, BMI, and weight-related medical problems vary by sex among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. With this advance knowledge, surgeons managing obese patients can anticipate co-morbidities by sex and adjust pre- and post- surgical preparations accordingly.
{"title":"Pre-operative weight, BMI and the incidence of obesity co-morbidities vary by sex in bariatric surgery patients: analysis of 166,601 women and men with obesity","authors":"C. Connors, Melissa L Gott, G. Slotman","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Variations in pre-operative characteristics by sex in bariatric surgery cannot be easily extrapolated from current literature. Objective: to identify pre-operative differences between males and females across the spectrum of bariatric procedures, weight and co-morbidities. Methods: Data from 166,601 pre-operative Surgical Review Corporation Bariatric Longitudinal Database (BOLD) patients undergoing bariatric surgery were divided into females (n=130,612) and males (n=35, 989). Statistics: Chi-square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Males displayed higher pre-operative age, BMI, weight, and rates of cardiopulmonary obesity co-morbidities, diabetes, gout, dyslipidemia, abdominal hernia, liver disease, alcohol, tobacco and substance abuse. Females suffered more from asthma, GERD, cholelithiasis, stress urinary incontinence, abdominal panniculitis, somatic obesity co-morbidities and mental health conditions (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Pre-operative weight, BMI, and weight-related medical problems vary by sex among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. With this advance knowledge, surgeons managing obese patients can anticipate co-morbidities by sex and adjust pre- and post- surgical preparations accordingly.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76126104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-17DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00314
F. Anumah, Rifkatu Mshelia-Reng, O. Omonua, R. Adelaiye, R. Shuaibu, Kenechukwu Odumodu, Kenneth C Onugha, Caleb O. Ehusani
Background: Undernutrition and obesity co-exist in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of overweight and obesity across different age groups using waist circumference, waist height ratio and body mass index in Nigerian children. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 2,893 students aged 9-18 years (1,140 boys and 1,753 girls) using multistage cluster sampling design. Weight, height, Waist circumference (WC) were measured, body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Data analyzed to get mean, SD, Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to examine the association between WC, WHtRandBMI. Result : The mean BMI, WC and WHtR were statistically significantly higher in girls than in boys. Using WC, 107 (6.1%) of the girls and 44(3.9%) of the boys, had abdominal obesity. Increased WHtR occurred in 11.5% of the girls and 8.0% of the boys respectively. Using BMI,32.9% of the youths were either overweight (OW) or obese (OB): 28.8% in boys and 35.5% in girls. 371 (21.2%) and 252 (14.4%) of the girls were OW and OB, while 191 (16.8%) and 137 (12.0%) of the boys had OW and OB. There was a progressive increase in the WC and BMI across the age groups. A strong positive correlation coefficient was noted between WC and BMI 0.77842, between WHtR and BMI 0.73281, and between WC and WHtR 0.82197 p< 0.0001. Conclusion : The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian children is increasing, higher in girls than in boys. We recommend that in addition to BMI, WC or WHtR should be used to assess central adiposity in children.
{"title":"Age categorization of overweight and obesity using waist circumference, waist height ratio and body mass index among children and youth in Nigeria","authors":"F. Anumah, Rifkatu Mshelia-Reng, O. Omonua, R. Adelaiye, R. Shuaibu, Kenechukwu Odumodu, Kenneth C Onugha, Caleb O. Ehusani","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Undernutrition and obesity co-exist in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of overweight and obesity across different age groups using waist circumference, waist height ratio and body mass index in Nigerian children. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 2,893 students aged 9-18 years (1,140 boys and 1,753 girls) using multistage cluster sampling design. Weight, height, Waist circumference (WC) were measured, body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Data analyzed to get mean, SD, Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to examine the association between WC, WHtRandBMI. Result : The mean BMI, WC and WHtR were statistically significantly higher in girls than in boys. Using WC, 107 (6.1%) of the girls and 44(3.9%) of the boys, had abdominal obesity. Increased WHtR occurred in 11.5% of the girls and 8.0% of the boys respectively. Using BMI,32.9% of the youths were either overweight (OW) or obese (OB): 28.8% in boys and 35.5% in girls. 371 (21.2%) and 252 (14.4%) of the girls were OW and OB, while 191 (16.8%) and 137 (12.0%) of the boys had OW and OB. There was a progressive increase in the WC and BMI across the age groups. A strong positive correlation coefficient was noted between WC and BMI 0.77842, between WHtR and BMI 0.73281, and between WC and WHtR 0.82197 p< 0.0001. Conclusion : The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian children is increasing, higher in girls than in boys. We recommend that in addition to BMI, WC or WHtR should be used to assess central adiposity in children.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00313
Tahir Omer
The sharp rise in the prevalence of obesity in many countries have raised major global concern. Obesity is broadly preventable and has a complex multifactorial aetiology. The prevalence of obesity is on the rise and has increased by threefold since the mid 70s of last century. Obesity has overwhelming effect on individual’s health in terms of worsening morbidity and increased risk of mortality and on public health overall due to its economic burden on the health system. This narrative review utilises many published epidemiological studies that focus on the consequences of obesity in order to provide a framework for the overall cost of obesity in terms of its morbidity, mortality, and economic burden.
{"title":"The health and economic impacts of obesity","authors":"Tahir Omer","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00313","url":null,"abstract":"The sharp rise in the prevalence of obesity in many countries have raised major global concern. Obesity is broadly preventable and has a complex multifactorial aetiology. The prevalence of obesity is on the rise and has increased by threefold since the mid 70s of last century. Obesity has overwhelming effect on individual’s health in terms of worsening morbidity and increased risk of mortality and on public health overall due to its economic burden on the health system. This narrative review utilises many published epidemiological studies that focus on the consequences of obesity in order to provide a framework for the overall cost of obesity in terms of its morbidity, mortality, and economic burden.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00312
Tahir Omer
Obesity is a medical condition defined as disproportionate fat storage in the body that might adversely affect health.1 The prevalence of obesity is drastically rising globally, and it is now considered a critical public health issue. According to the World Health Organisation WHO (2016), there are just under 2 billion overweight adults in the world. More than 600 million of them are considered obese. Around 40% of adults were overweight in 2016 and just under 15% were obese. The global prevalence of obesity has increased by threefold between 1975 and 2016. If the trend continues to rise, it is estimated that close to one third of the world adult population will be overweight and more than1 billion will be obese by 2025. Obesity is measured using body mass index (BMI) which is calculated by dividing the subject’s weight in kilograms by their square height in metres.1 A BMI of 30 or higher indicates obesity and although BMI is a very useful initial assessment method to diagnose obesity, it is not particularly accurate. It does not always reflect the degree of individual’s fat storage with great certainty. The WHO recognises this limitation and recommends its use as a screening tool only. Obesity infers a huge economic burden on the already outstretched health systems in many countries. The economic cost of obesity in England has been anticipated at being between £3.3–3.7 billion with an additional £3-3.7 billion related cost to treating overweight individuals.2
{"title":"The causes of obesity: an in-depth review","authors":"Tahir Omer","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00312","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a medical condition defined as disproportionate fat storage in the body that might adversely affect health.1 The prevalence of obesity is drastically rising globally, and it is now considered a critical public health issue. According to the World Health Organisation WHO (2016), there are just under 2 billion overweight adults in the world. More than 600 million of them are considered obese. Around 40% of adults were overweight in 2016 and just under 15% were obese. The global prevalence of obesity has increased by threefold between 1975 and 2016. If the trend continues to rise, it is estimated that close to one third of the world adult population will be overweight and more than1 billion will be obese by 2025. Obesity is measured using body mass index (BMI) which is calculated by dividing the subject’s weight in kilograms by their square height in metres.1 A BMI of 30 or higher indicates obesity and although BMI is a very useful initial assessment method to diagnose obesity, it is not particularly accurate. It does not always reflect the degree of individual’s fat storage with great certainty. The WHO recognises this limitation and recommends its use as a screening tool only. Obesity infers a huge economic burden on the already outstretched health systems in many countries. The economic cost of obesity in England has been anticipated at being between £3.3–3.7 billion with an additional £3-3.7 billion related cost to treating overweight individuals.2","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76019435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00311
C. Shah, P. Jaisani, Madan Pandey, O. Sah, Mukundha Jha
Overweight and obesity has threatened the modern world not only in developed countries but equally in developing countries like Nepal. The study therefore aimed to assess the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged women residing in Rajbiraj Municipality. A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on reproductive aged females (15-49 years) using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to determine indicators related to overweight and obesity. The anthropometric measurements were then analysed using WHO and IDF criteria. Microsoft excel 2007 and SPSS version 20 were used to analyze data. Chi square test was used to analyze the factors associated with BMI, WC and WHR cut-offs. The results showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive aged females residing in Rajbiraj. Hence, concerned agencies should launch appropriate programs to combat the factors.
超重和肥胖不仅在发达国家威胁着现代世界，在尼泊尔等发展中国家也同样如此。因此，该研究旨在评估居住在拉吉比拉市的育龄妇女中与超重和肥胖相关的危险因素。采用结构化问卷对育龄女性(15-49岁)进行横断面描述性研究。测量体重、身高、腰围和臀围，以确定与超重和肥胖有关的指标。然后使用WHO和IDF标准分析人体测量值。采用Microsoft excel 2007和SPSS version 20对数据进行分析。采用卡方检验分析BMI、WC和WHR截止值的相关因素。结果显示，居住在Rajbiraj的育龄妇女中超重和肥胖的患病率很高。因此，有关机构应该推出适当的计划来对抗这些因素。
{"title":"Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged (15–49) years females in urban areas of Rajbiraj Municipality, Saptari","authors":"C. Shah, P. Jaisani, Madan Pandey, O. Sah, Mukundha Jha","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00311","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity has threatened the modern world not only in developed countries but equally in developing countries like Nepal. The study therefore aimed to assess the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged women residing in Rajbiraj Municipality. A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on reproductive aged females (15-49 years) using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to determine indicators related to overweight and obesity. The anthropometric measurements were then analysed using WHO and IDF criteria. Microsoft excel 2007 and SPSS version 20 were used to analyze data. Chi square test was used to analyze the factors associated with BMI, WC and WHR cut-offs. The results showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive aged females residing in Rajbiraj. Hence, concerned agencies should launch appropriate programs to combat the factors.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88943096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00310
Sadikshya Subedi, Richa Bhattarai, Rojina Bista
Overweight and obesity is becoming one of the major public health problems in developing countries like Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged females of 15-49 years residing in Bharatpur metropolitan city. Anthropometric measurement was used to determine Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR). Data on socio-demographic, physical activity, dietary and behavioral factors was collected using structured questionnaire. Microsoft excel and SPSS version 20 were used to analyze data and chi square test was performed to analyze the factors associated with BMI, WC and WHR cut-offs. The result of this study revealed that 32.3% of females were overweight and 9.7% of females were obese. Similarly, on the basis of waist circumference 69% of females were abdominally obese and on the basis of waist hip ratio 68% of females were abdominally obese. Mean BMI was found to be 24.1c10.01 kg/m2, waist circumference was found to be 86.41±13.091 cm and waist hip ratio was found to be 0.89±0.108. This study shows that age, marital status, parity, stress, sleeping time, calorie intake, carbohydrate intake, physical activity and fruits consumption were found to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with overweight and obesity. Age, marital status, parity, calorie intake, fat intake, physical activity and fruits consumption were found to have significant association (P<0.05) with waist circumference. Similarly, age, marital status, parity, cloth wear, calorie intake, carbohydrate intake and physical activity were found to be significant predictors (P<0.05) of WHR in the study. The findings show a clear evidence of the rising trends of overweight and obesity among reproductive aged female. Overall this study indicate that efforts should be made to address the problem of overweight and obesity, by addressing the factors associated and minimize its consequences
超重和肥胖正在成为尼泊尔等发展中国家的主要公共卫生问题之一。通过横断面研究，对居住在印度巴拉特普尔市15-49岁育龄女性超重和肥胖的相关危险因素进行了评估。采用人体测量法测定身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)和腰臀比(WHR)。采用结构化问卷法收集社会人口统计、体育活动、饮食和行为等因素的数据。采用Microsoft excel和SPSS version 20对数据进行分析，采用卡方检验分析BMI、WC和WHR截止值的相关因素。研究结果显示，32.3%的女性超重，9.7%的女性肥胖。同样，根据腰围，69%的女性为腹部肥胖，根据腰臀比，68%的女性为腹部肥胖。平均BMI为24.1c10.01 kg/m2，腰围为86.41±13.091 cm，腰臀比为0.89±0.108。本研究发现，年龄、婚姻状况、胎次、压力、睡眠时间、卡路里摄入量、碳水化合物摄入量、体力活动和水果摄入量与超重和肥胖显著相关(P<0.05)。年龄、婚姻状况、胎次、卡路里摄入量、脂肪摄入量、体力活动和水果摄入量与腰围有显著相关(P<0.05)。同样，年龄、婚姻状况、胎次、衣服穿著、热量摄入、碳水化合物摄入和体力活动是WHR的显著预测因子(P<0.05)。研究结果清楚地表明，育龄女性中超重和肥胖的趋势正在上升。总的来说，这项研究表明，应该努力解决超重和肥胖的问题，通过解决相关因素，并尽量减少其后果
{"title":"Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged females residing in Bharatpur Metropolitan City","authors":"Sadikshya Subedi, Richa Bhattarai, Rojina Bista","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00310","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity is becoming one of the major public health problems in developing countries like Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged females of 15-49 years residing in Bharatpur metropolitan city. Anthropometric measurement was used to determine Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR). Data on socio-demographic, physical activity, dietary and behavioral factors was collected using structured questionnaire. Microsoft excel and SPSS version 20 were used to analyze data and chi square test was performed to analyze the factors associated with BMI, WC and WHR cut-offs. The result of this study revealed that 32.3% of females were overweight and 9.7% of females were obese. Similarly, on the basis of waist circumference 69% of females were abdominally obese and on the basis of waist hip ratio 68% of females were abdominally obese. Mean BMI was found to be 24.1c10.01 kg/m2, waist circumference was found to be 86.41±13.091 cm and waist hip ratio was found to be 0.89±0.108. This study shows that age, marital status, parity, stress, sleeping time, calorie intake, carbohydrate intake, physical activity and fruits consumption were found to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with overweight and obesity. Age, marital status, parity, calorie intake, fat intake, physical activity and fruits consumption were found to have significant association (P<0.05) with waist circumference. Similarly, age, marital status, parity, cloth wear, calorie intake, carbohydrate intake and physical activity were found to be significant predictors (P<0.05) of WHR in the study. The findings show a clear evidence of the rising trends of overweight and obesity among reproductive aged female. Overall this study indicate that efforts should be made to address the problem of overweight and obesity, by addressing the factors associated and minimize its consequences","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72600244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00308
M. Sharma
Obesity is a public health crisis that has reached pandemic proportions. It has multifactorial etiology and multiple negative physical and psychological consequences. Controlling the problem by altering obesogenic behaviors among college students is especially important because there is growing prevalence in this subgroup, there are long term effects for this subgroup, they are in formative years for obesogenic behaviors, and these behaviors are widely prevalent in this subgroup. The multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change is a new fourth-generation behavioral theory that has been applied to study obesogenic behaviors among college students. The purpose of this review was to examine the robustness and utility of MTM in designing efficacious and effective interventions to address obesogenic behaviors among US college students. A total of five studies published in MEDLINE, CINAHL, or ERIC met the inclusion criteria.The mean adjusted R2 for the initiation model based on the five studies was 0.38 (s.d. 0.15) and the mean adjusted R2 for the sustenance model was 0.34 (s.d. 0.14). The construct of behavioral confidence in the initiation model and the construct of emotional transformation in the sustenance model were significant in all five studies. MTM offers a feasible and practical framework for designing health promotion interventions for college students to address obesogenic behaviors
{"title":"Applications of the fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change toobesogenic behaviors in college students","authors":"M. Sharma","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00308","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a public health crisis that has reached pandemic proportions. It has multifactorial etiology and multiple negative physical and psychological consequences. Controlling the problem by altering obesogenic behaviors among college students is especially important because there is growing prevalence in this subgroup, there are long term effects for this subgroup, they are in formative years for obesogenic behaviors, and these behaviors are widely prevalent in this subgroup. The multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change is a new fourth-generation behavioral theory that has been applied to study obesogenic behaviors among college students. The purpose of this review was to examine the robustness and utility of MTM in designing efficacious and effective interventions to address obesogenic behaviors among US college students. A total of five studies published in MEDLINE, CINAHL, or ERIC met the inclusion criteria.The mean adjusted R2 for the initiation model based on the five studies was 0.38 (s.d. 0.15) and the mean adjusted R2 for the sustenance model was 0.34 (s.d. 0.14). The construct of behavioral confidence in the initiation model and the construct of emotional transformation in the sustenance model were significant in all five studies. MTM offers a feasible and practical framework for designing health promotion interventions for college students to address obesogenic behaviors","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"965 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72495466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00309
Ahed J. Alkhatib
Introduction: Diabetes has various impacts on human body. It is thought that diabetes is predisposed by obesity. Obesity may due to several factors including genetically-environmental factors. The recent views that viruses may act as etiology for obesity. Study objectives: The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the possibility that CMV and HPV of having a role in initiating episodes of obesity and diabetes, and to test the hypothesis that co-existence of multi-viruses including corona virus may work synergistically to increase the impact of COVID-19 on diabetic patients. Methodology: In this study, a diabetic model was induced, the localization of HPV and CMV was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Study findings showed that both viruses HPV and CMV exist in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats. Both viruses were brown in color. Conclusions: Taken together, both CMV and HPV exist in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats, and this may explain the phenomenon of autoimmunity in diabetes from one side and from another side, we may explain the occurrence of synergistic effects of COVID-19 virus and the other viruses mentioned in this study.
{"title":"The localization of HPV and CMV in the adipose tissues of female diabetic type 1 rats and the possibility of having a role of reactivity of COVID-19 in diabetic subjects as a new medical hypothesis","authors":"Ahed J. Alkhatib","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes has various impacts on human body. It is thought that diabetes is predisposed by obesity. Obesity may due to several factors including genetically-environmental factors. The recent views that viruses may act as etiology for obesity. Study objectives: The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the possibility that CMV and HPV of having a role in initiating episodes of obesity and diabetes, and to test the hypothesis that co-existence of multi-viruses including corona virus may work synergistically to increase the impact of COVID-19 on diabetic patients. Methodology: In this study, a diabetic model was induced, the localization of HPV and CMV was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Study findings showed that both viruses HPV and CMV exist in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats. Both viruses were brown in color. Conclusions: Taken together, both CMV and HPV exist in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats, and this may explain the phenomenon of autoimmunity in diabetes from one side and from another side, we may explain the occurrence of synergistic effects of COVID-19 virus and the other viruses mentioned in this study.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89808099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00307
R. Marks
Many COVID-19 deaths among those enumerated in the context of the 2020 corona virus pandemic appear to be associated more often than not with obesity. At the same time, obesity has been linked to a deficiency in vitamin D, a factor that appears to hold some promise for advancing our ability to intervene in reducing COVID-19 severity. This mini-review reports on what the key literature is reporting in this regard, and offers some comments for clinicians and researchers. Drawn from PUBMED, data show that a positive impact on both obesity rates and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates may be attained by efforts to promote vitamin D sufficiency in vulnerable groups
{"title":"Obesity, COVID-19 and vitamin D: is there an association worth examining?","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOWMC.2020.10.00307","url":null,"abstract":"Many COVID-19 deaths among those enumerated in the context of the 2020 corona virus pandemic appear to be associated more often than not with obesity. At the same time, obesity has been linked to a deficiency in vitamin D, a factor that appears to hold some promise for advancing our ability to intervene in reducing COVID-19 severity. This mini-review reports on what the key literature is reporting in this regard, and offers some comments for clinicians and researchers. Drawn from PUBMED, data show that a positive impact on both obesity rates and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates may be attained by efforts to promote vitamin D sufficiency in vulnerable groups","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85587201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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