Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00278
Evelyn Dorado, G. Guzman, O. Jimenez
Introduction: Obesity is a global pandemic, in Colombia 49% of the adult population is morbidly overweight or obese. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the most effective long-term treatment for the management of morbid obesity and resolution of comorbidities metabolic and mechanical. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) is related to postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PPH). This condition can occur up to 70% of patients with gastric resections and generate much morbidity to the patient. Main : To describe the use of GLP-1 analogs in the management of patients with PPH secondary to bariatric surgery Methods : To describe a case of a patient with severe dumping referred for surgical reversion due to refractoriness to the extrainstitutional medical management. Results: patient with severe hypoglycemia post LRYGB with 17 Sigstad score, 2 years of evolution with impairment of quality of life, is referred for interdisciplinary management in the obesity clinic of our institution. We starts with Anatomical and physiological studies of their surgery, nutritional assessment, and endocrinology initiates liraglutide with improvement of 80% of the symptoms. Conclusion : In LRYGB patients with hypoglycemia, HHP, nesidioblastosis and insulinoma should be ruled out as a diagnosis. The presence of wide anastomoses that allow fast gastric emptying, high carbohydrate foods favor the symptoms. The use of GLP-1 analogs together with dietary measures have shown that they improve symptoms and quality of life in the long term, apparently these results are due to the stabilization of insulin peaks and delayed gastric emptying.
{"title":"Successful management with GLP-1 agonists in postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after roux-en-y gastric bypass: clinical case descriptionand review of the literature","authors":"Evelyn Dorado, G. Guzman, O. Jimenez","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00278","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is a global pandemic, in Colombia 49% of the adult population is morbidly overweight or obese. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the most effective long-term treatment for the management of morbid obesity and resolution of comorbidities metabolic and mechanical. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) is related to postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PPH). This condition can occur up to 70% of patients with gastric resections and generate much morbidity to the patient. Main : To describe the use of GLP-1 analogs in the management of patients with PPH secondary to bariatric surgery Methods : To describe a case of a patient with severe dumping referred for surgical reversion due to refractoriness to the extrainstitutional medical management. Results: patient with severe hypoglycemia post LRYGB with 17 Sigstad score, 2 years of evolution with impairment of quality of life, is referred for interdisciplinary management in the obesity clinic of our institution. We starts with Anatomical and physiological studies of their surgery, nutritional assessment, and endocrinology initiates liraglutide with improvement of 80% of the symptoms. Conclusion : In LRYGB patients with hypoglycemia, HHP, nesidioblastosis and insulinoma should be ruled out as a diagnosis. The presence of wide anastomoses that allow fast gastric emptying, high carbohydrate foods favor the symptoms. The use of GLP-1 analogs together with dietary measures have shown that they improve symptoms and quality of life in the long term, apparently these results are due to the stabilization of insulin peaks and delayed gastric emptying.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"431 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00277
Saman Zaman
People who are obese also suffer in their sleep, usually they have shorter sleep duration as compared to people of non-obese category. The quality as well as quantity both are affected. Obesity becomes a major risk factor for development of a type of sleep disorder called Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and progression. OSA is defined as intermittent or complete upper airway collapse while a person is in sleep, which leads to fragmentation in sleep, decreased levels of bloody oxygen (also known as hypoxemia), increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2 hypercapnia), intrathoracic pressure oscillations and increased sympathetic activity. The diagnosis and severity of this disease is based on Apnea Hypoapnea Index (AHI). AHI between 5 and 15 is termed as mild OSA, between 15 and 30 is called as moderate OSA and >30 is known as severe OSA. Since the awareness of this sleep disorder is less amongst the population, 80% of the OSA cases go undiagnosed.1–4
{"title":"Obesity and sleep apnea","authors":"Saman Zaman","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00277","url":null,"abstract":"People who are obese also suffer in their sleep, usually they have shorter sleep duration as compared to people of non-obese category. The quality as well as quantity both are affected. Obesity becomes a major risk factor for development of a type of sleep disorder called Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and progression. OSA is defined as intermittent or complete upper airway collapse while a person is in sleep, which leads to fragmentation in sleep, decreased levels of bloody oxygen (also known as hypoxemia), increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2 hypercapnia), intrathoracic pressure oscillations and increased sympathetic activity. The diagnosis and severity of this disease is based on Apnea Hypoapnea Index (AHI). AHI between 5 and 15 is termed as mild OSA, between 15 and 30 is called as moderate OSA and >30 is known as severe OSA. Since the awareness of this sleep disorder is less amongst the population, 80% of the OSA cases go undiagnosed.1–4","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80665678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00276
K. Aljabri
Vitamin D is an important element for skeletal health and it may also affect extra-skeletal health such as association with autoimmune diseases.1–5 Inclusive studies in have reported an association between thyroid autoimmunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD).6–8 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in Saudi Arabia is high, reaching up to 30%.9 Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains a major health problem.10 VDD has received special attention lately because of its high incidence and its implication in the genesis of multiple chronic illnesses. The high prevalence of VDD in general population underlines the fact that VDD is more common in chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Association of vitamin D status and thyroid function among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients","authors":"K. Aljabri","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00276","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is an important element for skeletal health and it may also affect extra-skeletal health such as association with autoimmune diseases.1–5 Inclusive studies in have reported an association between thyroid autoimmunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD).6–8 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in Saudi Arabia is high, reaching up to 30%.9 Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains a major health problem.10 VDD has received special attention lately because of its high incidence and its implication in the genesis of multiple chronic illnesses. The high prevalence of VDD in general population underlines the fact that VDD is more common in chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85787191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00275
M. Míguez, Calonie M. K. Gray, C. Stanton, Diego Bueno, C. Kahler
Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI ≥30), has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and it is one of the nation’s leading public health challenges. Obesity rates for males and females in the U.S. had been similar, however,1–3 more recently just over 40 percent of women are obese, compared to 35 percent of men. These rates are of high concern when compared to the 15 percent of women worldwide. Aggressive tobacco industry advertising have resulted in over 20 million female smokers in the United States.4 For years, the tobacco industry has exploited the belief that smoking is helpful in controlling weight, to influence commencement and continuation of smoking.1-3 Adults do not only use smoking as a method for weight control; adolescents who have dieted or are constantly concerned with weight are also more likely to start smoking.5–7 Notably, these observations were gender and specific, significant among females, but not among males.5–7
{"title":"Mentholated cigarettes or weight problems, which came first","authors":"M. Míguez, Calonie M. K. Gray, C. Stanton, Diego Bueno, C. Kahler","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00275","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI ≥30), has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and it is one of the nation’s leading public health challenges. Obesity rates for males and females in the U.S. had been similar, however,1–3 more recently just over 40 percent of women are obese, compared to 35 percent of men. These rates are of high concern when compared to the 15 percent of women worldwide. Aggressive tobacco industry advertising have resulted in over 20 million female smokers in the United States.4 For years, the tobacco industry has exploited the belief that smoking is helpful in controlling weight, to influence commencement and continuation of smoking.1-3 Adults do not only use smoking as a method for weight control; adolescents who have dieted or are constantly concerned with weight are also more likely to start smoking.5–7 Notably, these observations were gender and specific, significant among females, but not among males.5–7","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84244761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-16DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00274
Sharvana Bhava Bs, B SivaSubrahmanyam, Ashrith Reddy Ch, D. Akhil, K. Haripriya, K. Suresh, E. Venkateshwarlu
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic complex disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance as their hallmark due to insulin deficiency or impaired effectiveness of insulin action.1 Diabetic nephropathy is one of the potential micro vascular complications in diabetic patients. It is the leading cause of End stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetic kidney disease refers to chronic kidney disease (CKD) presumed to be caused by diabetes.2 Diabetic nephropathy is screened for persistent abnormal urine albumin excretion and by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Albuminuria has been divided into micro albuminuria (urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-300 mg/dl) and macro albuminuria (UACR more than 300mg/dl). Serum creatinine derives estimates of GRF and diabetic kidney disease.3
{"title":"Efficacy of telmisartan and enalapril in patients with diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Sharvana Bhava Bs, B SivaSubrahmanyam, Ashrith Reddy Ch, D. Akhil, K. Haripriya, K. Suresh, E. Venkateshwarlu","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00274","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic complex disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance as their hallmark due to insulin deficiency or impaired effectiveness of insulin action.1 Diabetic nephropathy is one of the potential micro vascular complications in diabetic patients. It is the leading cause of End stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetic kidney disease refers to chronic kidney disease (CKD) presumed to be caused by diabetes.2 Diabetic nephropathy is screened for persistent abnormal urine albumin excretion and by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Albuminuria has been divided into micro albuminuria (urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-300 mg/dl) and macro albuminuria (UACR more than 300mg/dl). Serum creatinine derives estimates of GRF and diabetic kidney disease.3","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73218545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00271
Angbeen Chaudhary
Down’s syndrome is a condition that is characterized by mental and growth retardation associated with genetic anomalies, it affects approximately one in 800 live births globally by Aitken & Spencer, whereas the incidence of Down’s syndrome in Pakistan is one in 700 live births by Jamil. There are three types of Down syndrome called Trisomy 21, Translocation and Mosaicism all of which differ in the person’s mental ability but have the same characteristics i.e. short stature, broad facial profile, hyper-flexibility, enlarged tongue and obesity. Children with Down’s syndrome are more likely to suffer from obesity and overweight. According to a study, 50% children suffering from Down’s syndrome are obese or at a risk of developing obesity in the later years of their life by O’Brien. This alarming rate of obesity development in these children is due to a number of causes like genetics, environmental, social and most importantly dietary.1–6
{"title":"Relationship between dietary intake and prevalence of obesity in children with down’s syndrome","authors":"Angbeen Chaudhary","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00271","url":null,"abstract":"Down’s syndrome is a condition that is characterized by mental and growth retardation associated with genetic anomalies, it affects approximately one in 800 live births globally by Aitken & Spencer, whereas the incidence of Down’s syndrome in Pakistan is one in 700 live births by Jamil. There are three types of Down syndrome called Trisomy 21, Translocation and Mosaicism all of which differ in the person’s mental ability but have the same characteristics i.e. short stature, broad facial profile, hyper-flexibility, enlarged tongue and obesity. Children with Down’s syndrome are more likely to suffer from obesity and overweight. According to a study, 50% children suffering from Down’s syndrome are obese or at a risk of developing obesity in the later years of their life by O’Brien. This alarming rate of obesity development in these children is due to a number of causes like genetics, environmental, social and most importantly dietary.1–6","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87788986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-02DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00272
Katerina A Chremou
The average European has about 5 hours of sedentary work / day. The amount of calories that an employee spends a day in his work has been reduced (since 1960) by 15% due to sedentary work. 60% of Europeans use the car for their daily transport. It is estimated that in 2050 80% of Europeans will live in urban areas. Larger portions: the portion in soft drinks with sugar and snacks has increased up to +100% (1960). We consume an average of 500kcal / day since 1960. 42% of Europeans do no exercise.
{"title":"Obesity: a chronic disease","authors":"Katerina A Chremou","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00272","url":null,"abstract":"The average European has about 5 hours of sedentary work / day. The amount of calories that an employee spends a day in his work has been reduced (since 1960) by 15% due to sedentary work. 60% of Europeans use the car for their daily transport. It is estimated that in 2050 80% of Europeans will live in urban areas. Larger portions: the portion in soft drinks with sugar and snacks has increased up to +100% (1960). We consume an average of 500kcal / day since 1960. 42% of Europeans do no exercise.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74625556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00269
K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh
Obesity continues to be a big public health problem, with its prevalence increasing continuously. As per the WHO it has been estimate that In last 40 years, obesity prevalence almost tripled and in 2016, over 650million people around the world, which included various million infants and children became obese.1 Increased body weight is associated with development of several severe chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus, (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), musculoskeletal disorders and different cancers.2 Every year because of overweight/obesity, there are 28million deaths worldwide.2 Further obesity leads to a big medical, social and economic burden.3 We have been trying to find simple answers for treating obesity, medically, the problem remains that gradually most of the previous approved medications for obesity have got removed from the market, in view of different side effects, along with their inability to maintain long term weight loss.4–8 Although interventions like bariatric surgery are the most effective till date for reducing increased weight in people with morbid obesity, it is a very invasive procedure, having risks of unforeseen complications along with needing marked effort in adopting a new lifestyle [reviewed in ref.9 Thus need for looking simpler approaches is there. Symbiosis has been described in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),10,11 T2DM, metabolic syndrome,12–15 and obesity,16,17 As far as overweight/obesity, is concerned various studies have demonstrated that the gut micro bio decomposition may be significantly different from lean individuals, the faecal bacteria may exert a key role in modulating energy metabolism with modifications of gut microbiotacomposition might be associated with decreases In body mass index (BMI)16,17 Reviewed in ref. 5,18,19 In view of this manipulation of gut microbiota composition using probiotics has been considered a possible way for preventing and treating obesity. The word probiotic comes from the Greek word, which means ‘’for life’. Despite ’lot of change in definitions, currently the definition recognized by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and world health organization (WHO) working group experts is that probiotics are live strains of strictly selected microorganisms, which once administered in adequate amounts, give a health benefit to the host.20 This definition was accepted by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Probiotics (ISAPP) in 2013.21 Though dead bacteria and their components can also show probiotic properties. Most commonly used bacterial strains are Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus that exhibit probiotic properties and get included in many functional foods and dietary supplements.22 Main mechanisms of actions of probiotics are improvement of the gut barrier function ,increasing competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, modification of gut microbiota, along with regulation of the gut associated lymphoid
{"title":"Have Probiotics and Synbiotics passed the test of time to be implemented in management of obesity and related metabolic disorders-a comprehensive review","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00269","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity continues to be a big public health problem, with its prevalence increasing continuously. As per the WHO it has been estimate that In last 40 years, obesity prevalence almost tripled and in 2016, over 650million people around the world, which included various million infants and children became obese.1 Increased body weight is associated with development of several severe chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus, (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), musculoskeletal disorders and different cancers.2 Every year because of overweight/obesity, there are 28million deaths worldwide.2 Further obesity leads to a big medical, social and economic burden.3 We have been trying to find simple answers for treating obesity, medically, the problem remains that gradually most of the previous approved medications for obesity have got removed from the market, in view of different side effects, along with their inability to maintain long term weight loss.4–8 Although interventions like bariatric surgery are the most effective till date for reducing increased weight in people with morbid obesity, it is a very invasive procedure, having risks of unforeseen complications along with needing marked effort in adopting a new lifestyle [reviewed in ref.9 Thus need for looking simpler approaches is there. Symbiosis has been described in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),10,11 T2DM, metabolic syndrome,12–15 and obesity,16,17 As far as overweight/obesity, is concerned various studies have demonstrated that the gut micro bio decomposition may be significantly different from lean individuals, the faecal bacteria may exert a key role in modulating energy metabolism with modifications of gut microbiotacomposition might be associated with decreases In body mass index (BMI)16,17 Reviewed in ref. 5,18,19 In view of this manipulation of gut microbiota composition using probiotics has been considered a possible way for preventing and treating obesity. The word probiotic comes from the Greek word, which means ‘’for life’. Despite ’lot of change in definitions, currently the definition recognized by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and world health organization (WHO) working group experts is that probiotics are live strains of strictly selected microorganisms, which once administered in adequate amounts, give a health benefit to the host.20 This definition was accepted by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Probiotics (ISAPP) in 2013.21 Though dead bacteria and their components can also show probiotic properties. Most commonly used bacterial strains are Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus that exhibit probiotic properties and get included in many functional foods and dietary supplements.22 Main mechanisms of actions of probiotics are improvement of the gut barrier function ,increasing competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, modification of gut microbiota, along with regulation of the gut associated lymphoid ","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75889851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00268
H. Bando, Toshimi Nakamura, A. Narita, M. Dobashi, T. Kawashima
Obesity has been recently one of the important public health problems, with the increasing tendency of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the world.1 The prevalence of obesity or overweight has been twice of that of 1980 and about one third of population in the world is supposed to be obese or overweight.2 The cause of the obesity has been multi-factorials, and the prevention of the obesity includes environmental interventions and various lifestyle changes. For the medical management of obesity and overweight, there was a standard guideline. It was the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society (AHA/ACC/TOS) in 2013, and it showed various available evidence to medical practice.3 It has been often found that obese people had succeeded weight reduction, but could not maintain the weight easily. From previous reports, the important factors have been the correlations among lifestyle, dietary and psychosocial situations.4 Then, further research would be expected concerning the behavioral and clinical characteristics of maintaining satisfactory weight reduction. On the other hand, there was an ‘adult disease’ a few decades ago in Japan. After that, it was changed to ‘life style related disease’ because their geneses are probably due to inadequate lifestyle situation.5 It was proposed by Dr. Shigeaki Hinohara who was the President Emeritus of St. Luke International Hospital in Tokyo associated with the philosophy ‘Hinohara-ism’.6 Consecutively, the medical term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been prevalent including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. There is a possibility that hyperuricemia and gout has been also added as another factors in the future.7 As to the treatment of metabolic syndrome, the basic therapy would be the control of the body weight. Consequently, the weight reduction should be tried at first for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and obesity prior to starting various medicine.8 The actual method for weight reduction includes both diet therapy and exercise therapy. For diet therapy, there was a standard method, which was calorie restriction (CR). After that, low carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been introduced in Western countries. In succession, authors and colleagues had started LCD in Japan9 and developed LCD through medical practice, medical society, workshop and textbooks.10 We have proposed three patterns of LCD meal including super-LCD, standard-LCD and petite-LCD, which can be applied in various clinical situation.11 Among our clinical research, we have treated lots of patients with obesity in weight reduction program. During the program, they were given medical, nutritional and psychological supports by medical staffs including registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Their managements and advises were based on several medical and psychological supports.12 The detail of the program was described and discussed in this report.
{"title":"Weight reduction program with continuous psychological support in obese patients","authors":"H. Bando, Toshimi Nakamura, A. Narita, M. Dobashi, T. Kawashima","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00268","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has been recently one of the important public health problems, with the increasing tendency of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the world.1 The prevalence of obesity or overweight has been twice of that of 1980 and about one third of population in the world is supposed to be obese or overweight.2 The cause of the obesity has been multi-factorials, and the prevention of the obesity includes environmental interventions and various lifestyle changes. For the medical management of obesity and overweight, there was a standard guideline. It was the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society (AHA/ACC/TOS) in 2013, and it showed various available evidence to medical practice.3 It has been often found that obese people had succeeded weight reduction, but could not maintain the weight easily. From previous reports, the important factors have been the correlations among lifestyle, dietary and psychosocial situations.4 Then, further research would be expected concerning the behavioral and clinical characteristics of maintaining satisfactory weight reduction. On the other hand, there was an ‘adult disease’ a few decades ago in Japan. After that, it was changed to ‘life style related disease’ because their geneses are probably due to inadequate lifestyle situation.5 It was proposed by Dr. Shigeaki Hinohara who was the President Emeritus of St. Luke International Hospital in Tokyo associated with the philosophy ‘Hinohara-ism’.6 Consecutively, the medical term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been prevalent including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. There is a possibility that hyperuricemia and gout has been also added as another factors in the future.7 As to the treatment of metabolic syndrome, the basic therapy would be the control of the body weight. Consequently, the weight reduction should be tried at first for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and obesity prior to starting various medicine.8 The actual method for weight reduction includes both diet therapy and exercise therapy. For diet therapy, there was a standard method, which was calorie restriction (CR). After that, low carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been introduced in Western countries. In succession, authors and colleagues had started LCD in Japan9 and developed LCD through medical practice, medical society, workshop and textbooks.10 We have proposed three patterns of LCD meal including super-LCD, standard-LCD and petite-LCD, which can be applied in various clinical situation.11 Among our clinical research, we have treated lots of patients with obesity in weight reduction program. During the program, they were given medical, nutritional and psychological supports by medical staffs including registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Their managements and advises were based on several medical and psychological supports.12 The detail of the program was described and discussed in this report.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84077197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-26DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00267
Peregrin-Alvarez Jm
Obesity has been a global topic of concern for a long time as it is directly linked to human disease, causing more than 3.4 million deaths all around the word.1–3 To avoid this serious health issue, successful weight management programs should consider the required timing for feedback signals originating in adipose tissue to influence the brain centres that control eating behavior and activity (metabolic and motor),the fundamental of the “Lipostat theory”,4 which has been demonstrated for the very first time in humans in our previous study.5 This theory refers to the control of long term appetite, responsible for the control of body weight. As fat deposits accumulate, satiety signals are sent to the hypothalamus in response in an attempt to suppress the feeling of hunger and maintain a constant body weight. The study showed that HA was more efficient than simple BMI measurements, and the subject under study, originally obese, able to successfully reach and maintain an HA category (IW) over the years. New concepts and ideas were raised by that study, setting up the bases for further experimental validations. Thus, continuing with that study, the purpose of this case report is to present and discuss our selfexperimental research on meal frequency over a long period of time with respect to changes in body weight.
{"title":"Consistent weight loss linked to higher meal frequency","authors":"Peregrin-Alvarez Jm","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2019.09.00267","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has been a global topic of concern for a long time as it is directly linked to human disease, causing more than 3.4 million deaths all around the word.1–3 To avoid this serious health issue, successful weight management programs should consider the required timing for feedback signals originating in adipose tissue to influence the brain centres that control eating behavior and activity (metabolic and motor),the fundamental of the “Lipostat theory”,4 which has been demonstrated for the very first time in humans in our previous study.5 This theory refers to the control of long term appetite, responsible for the control of body weight. As fat deposits accumulate, satiety signals are sent to the hypothalamus in response in an attempt to suppress the feeling of hunger and maintain a constant body weight. The study showed that HA was more efficient than simple BMI measurements, and the subject under study, originally obese, able to successfully reach and maintain an HA category (IW) over the years. New concepts and ideas were raised by that study, setting up the bases for further experimental validations. Thus, continuing with that study, the purpose of this case report is to present and discuss our selfexperimental research on meal frequency over a long period of time with respect to changes in body weight.","PeriodicalId":93066,"journal":{"name":"Advances in obesity, weight management & control","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85571350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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