N. S. Cruz, L. S. Bastos, D. M. Santana, V. J. Pereira, G. Costa, S. A. B. Vieira de Melo
CO2-water alternating injection (CO2 WAG) is an advanced recovery strategy widely used in many oil fields. Asphaltenes may precipitate and eventually deposit on the rock surface in CO2 WAG injection, reducing permeability and porosity and thus affecting oil production. This work aims to determine under which operating conditions the highest recovery factor (RF) is reached in a WAG injection process and analyze the behavior of the physical properties of oil and rock, in addition to precipitation and deposition of asphaltenes. The results show that the higher the WAG ratio is, the higher the pressures achieved will be, reducing the amount of precipitated asphaltenes and its deposition. However, as the WAG ratio increases, the water breakthrough occurs earlier, causing the macroscopic displacement efficiency to decrease, impairing oil production. Furthermore, in most cases, higher RFs are reached for intermediate WAG ratios in a given injection cycle.
{"title":"ASPHALTENE PRECIPITATION FOR CO2WAG FLOODING PROCESS: EFFECTS OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS ON OIL RECOVERY FACTOR AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES","authors":"N. S. Cruz, L. S. Bastos, D. M. Santana, V. J. Pereira, G. Costa, S. A. B. Vieira de Melo","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"CO2-water alternating injection (CO2 WAG) is an advanced recovery strategy widely used in many oil fields. Asphaltenes may precipitate and eventually deposit on the rock surface in CO2 WAG injection, reducing permeability and porosity and thus affecting oil production. This work aims to determine under which operating conditions the highest recovery factor (RF) is reached in a WAG injection process and analyze the behavior of the physical properties of oil and rock, in addition to precipitation and deposition of asphaltenes. The results show that the higher the WAG ratio is, the higher the pressures achieved will be, reducing the amount of precipitated asphaltenes and its deposition. However, as the WAG ratio increases, the water breakthrough occurs earlier, causing the macroscopic displacement efficiency to decrease, impairing oil production. Furthermore, in most cases, higher RFs are reached for intermediate WAG ratios in a given injection cycle.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Z. S. Oliveira, Y. C. Santiago, A. M. González, I. F. Pinheiro, K. P. Barbosa, L. A. Sphaier
This work aims to evaluate the gasification of oily sludge (OS) and the potential use of produced gas as feedstock for ammonia production. For this purpose, a computational gasification model was developed and validated in Aspen Hysys® v. 11.0 software to evaluate the influence of air/steam mixtures as gasification agents on the studied parameters. The Lower Heating Value (LHV) of the producer gas varied between 5 and 10 MJ/m3 for equivalence ratios greater than 0.3. The molar concentration of H2 increased to 24.9% at 1380°C and decreased to 21.5% at 1700°C. Finally, the producer gas was used to synthesize ammonia, where a conversion of more than 90% was obtained at a pressure of 100 bar and a temperature of 450°C. The results showed that oil sludge gasification could be a viable alternative to efficiently converting refinery waste into valuable products.
{"title":"OIL SLUDGE THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION: GASIFICATION AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS CASE","authors":"H. D. Z. S. Oliveira, Y. C. Santiago, A. M. González, I. F. Pinheiro, K. P. Barbosa, L. A. Sphaier","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to evaluate the gasification of oily sludge (OS) and the potential use of produced gas as feedstock for ammonia production. For this purpose, a computational gasification model was developed and validated in Aspen Hysys® v. 11.0 software to evaluate the influence of air/steam mixtures as gasification agents on the studied parameters. The Lower Heating Value (LHV) of the producer gas varied between 5 and 10 MJ/m3 for equivalence ratios greater than 0.3. The molar concentration of H2 increased to 24.9% at 1380°C and decreased to 21.5% at 1700°C. Finally, the producer gas was used to synthesize ammonia, where a conversion of more than 90% was obtained at a pressure of 100 bar and a temperature of 450°C. The results showed that oil sludge gasification could be a viable alternative to efficiently converting refinery waste into valuable products.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. S. Sousa, L. O. N. Nascimento, C. D. R. Souza, Y. K. P. G. Aum, J. S. Araújo, S. Duvoisin Júnior
Currently, one of the most serious environmental problems society is facing is water contamination by oil spills. The use of sorbents from agricultural residues has been considered a very promising approach for the effective treatment of oil contaminated water. Therefore, this work investigates the use of biosorbents obtained from cupuaçu shell (Bio-CP) and sacha inchi shell (Bio-SI) in the oil removal process. The characterization of adsorbents was carried out by FTIR, XRF, and TGA. Adsorption tests were carried out in a finite bath using 0.1 g of biosorbent and diesel/Rio Negro water emulsions at 400 mg.L-1 in a contact time of 60 minutes. The results show that Bio-CP has a higher oil adsorption capacity (190.8 mg.g-1) compared to Bio-SI (174.93 mg.g-1), and better oil removal, 95.4%, if compared to 87.47% for Bio-SI. The results indicate that cupuaçu and sacha inchi shells can be effective in the production of biosorbents to remove diesel from contaminated water.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF AMAZONIAN BIOSORBENTS IN THE SEPARATION PROCESS OF EMULSIFIED OIL WITH RIO NEGRO WATER","authors":"M. P. S. Sousa, L. O. N. Nascimento, C. D. R. Souza, Y. K. P. G. Aum, J. S. Araújo, S. Duvoisin Júnior","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, one of the most serious environmental problems society is facing is water contamination by oil spills. The use of sorbents from agricultural residues has been considered a very promising approach for the effective treatment of oil contaminated water. Therefore, this work investigates the use of biosorbents obtained from cupuaçu shell (Bio-CP) and sacha inchi shell (Bio-SI) in the oil removal process. The characterization of adsorbents was carried out by FTIR, XRF, and TGA. Adsorption tests were carried out in a finite bath using 0.1 g of biosorbent and diesel/Rio Negro water emulsions at 400 mg.L-1 in a contact time of 60 minutes. The results show that Bio-CP has a higher oil adsorption capacity (190.8 mg.g-1) compared to Bio-SI (174.93 mg.g-1), and better oil removal, 95.4%, if compared to 87.47% for Bio-SI. The results indicate that cupuaçu and sacha inchi shells can be effective in the production of biosorbents to remove diesel from contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. R. A. Pereira, A. R. S. S. Barbosa, R. G. M. A. Macedo, B. C. C. Fernandes
Produced Water (PW) represents a problematic residue for the petroleum industry because it is generated in high amounts and it presents varied chemical composition can be toxic to organisms. The presence of inorganic salts, as calcium and magnesium, classify the PW in terms of its total hardness (TH) and this characteristic is an indication of the capacity to scale formation in pipelines and equipment. Thus, the adsorption treatment has been highlighted as an alternative method, mainly due to its low cost, high selectivity, and application of biodegradable adsorbents. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from PW using seriguela seeds (SS) as potential biosorbent. This work characterizes SS by chemical composition, surface groups, PZC (PZC) and SEM. The adsorption tests in batch resulted in levels of efficiency and TH adsorption capacity of 25 % and 8 mg g-1.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF CA2+ AND MG2+ FROM PRODUCED WATER USING SERIGUELA RESIDUE (SPONDIAS PURPUREA L.) AS POTENTIAL BIOSORBENT","authors":"K. R. A. Pereira, A. R. S. S. Barbosa, R. G. M. A. Macedo, B. C. C. Fernandes","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Produced Water (PW) represents a problematic residue for the petroleum industry because it is generated in high amounts and it presents varied chemical composition can be toxic to organisms. The presence of inorganic salts, as calcium and magnesium, classify the PW in terms of its total hardness (TH) and this characteristic is an indication of the capacity to scale formation in pipelines and equipment. Thus, the adsorption treatment has been highlighted as an alternative method, mainly due to its low cost, high selectivity, and application of biodegradable adsorbents. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from PW using seriguela seeds (SS) as potential biosorbent. This work characterizes SS by chemical composition, surface groups, PZC (PZC) and SEM. The adsorption tests in batch resulted in levels of efficiency and TH adsorption capacity of 25 % and 8 mg g-1.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emulsions represent a relevant concern in offshore petroleum production. Besides the topside oil-water separation, other topics related to flow assurance have received increasing attention from industry and academy. This paper reviews petroleum emulsions and their aspects that impact offshore petroleum production. Topics discussed in this review include emulsion stability, emulsion samples, and flow assurance related topics like pressure-drop, wax, and hydrates. The knowledge around petroleum emulsions has reached a fair level in terms of stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. Nevertheless, challenges, such as understanding the emulsion formation in presence of pressurized gas and comprehending how emulsions affect the multiphase flow behavior as well as the precipitation of solids, remain.
{"title":"EMULSIONS IN OFFSHORE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION: STABILITY AND FLOW ASSURANCE","authors":"R. M. Charin, M. Nele","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Emulsions represent a relevant concern in offshore petroleum production. Besides the topside oil-water separation, other topics related to flow assurance have received increasing attention from industry and academy. This paper reviews petroleum emulsions and their aspects that impact offshore petroleum production. Topics discussed in this review include emulsion stability, emulsion samples, and flow assurance related topics like pressure-drop, wax, and hydrates. The knowledge around petroleum emulsions has reached a fair level in terms of stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. Nevertheless, challenges, such as understanding the emulsion formation in presence of pressurized gas and comprehending how emulsions affect the multiphase flow behavior as well as the precipitation of solids, remain.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although economically vital, whether in cold Scandinavian or warm Caribbean waters, offshore oil exploration accounts for oil spills at sea. One of the mechanisms used for recovering spilled oil consists of using porous materials with high sorption capacity in the cleanup process. Post-consumer polyurethane foams (PC-PUFs) are highly porous polymers typically disposed by consumers in Brazilian cities. In this work, PC-PUFs obtained from discarded mattresses were modified superficially to promote hydrophobization and increase their selectivity for oils over water. The characterization showed foams with well-defined macro pores. Surfaces of MoS2-modified foams (MoS2-PC) showed an increase in seawater penetration rejection and oil attraction when compared to unmodified foams (Un-PC). Sorption tests simulating oil spillage at 1 °C, 12 °C, and 23 °C were conducted to verify the influence of temperature on oil recovery by PC-PUFs. Tests on the seawater-diesel system showed that diesel, a low-viscosity oil with slight viscosity variation with temperature reduction, penetrated both Un-PC and MoS2-PC foams easily, making the modifications on MoS2-PC irrelevant. In the seawater-S46 lubricant system, which had a more viscous oil and presented a substantial variation in viscosity with temperature reduction, there was greater difficulty in penetrating the Un-PC foam when compared to MoS2-PC, showing that the modifications were responsible for the increase in the recovery of more viscous oils spilled in seawater at different temperatures.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RECOVERY OF OILS SPILLED IN SEAWATER USING HYDROPHOBIZED POST-CONSUMER POLYURETHANE FOAMS","authors":"K. R. Rocha, O. Chiavone-Filho, H. N. M. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Although economically vital, whether in cold Scandinavian or warm Caribbean waters, offshore oil exploration accounts for oil spills at sea. One of the mechanisms used for recovering spilled oil consists of using porous materials with high sorption capacity in the cleanup process. Post-consumer polyurethane foams (PC-PUFs) are highly porous polymers typically disposed by consumers in Brazilian cities. In this work, PC-PUFs obtained from discarded mattresses were modified superficially to promote hydrophobization and increase their selectivity for oils over water. The characterization showed foams with well-defined macro pores. Surfaces of MoS2-modified foams (MoS2-PC) showed an increase in seawater penetration rejection and oil attraction when compared to unmodified foams (Un-PC). Sorption tests simulating oil spillage at 1 °C, 12 °C, and 23 °C were conducted to verify the influence of temperature on oil recovery by PC-PUFs. Tests on the seawater-diesel system showed that diesel, a low-viscosity oil with slight viscosity variation with temperature reduction, penetrated both Un-PC and MoS2-PC foams easily, making the modifications on MoS2-PC irrelevant. In the seawater-S46 lubricant system, which had a more viscous oil and presented a substantial variation in viscosity with temperature reduction, there was greater difficulty in penetrating the Un-PC foam when compared to MoS2-PC, showing that the modifications were responsible for the increase in the recovery of more viscous oils spilled in seawater at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Separators are a vital part of almost every oil and gas production facility. Because of their importance, optimal separator design is critical. Semi-empirical design method is a conventional and more primitive way of determining the optimal dimensions for separators. However, because of the simplifying assumptions used to derive semi-empirical correlations, this method can only be used to obtain a rough estimate for separator dimensions. In this study, a novel hybrid method to design multiphase separators is presented using experimentation, dimensional analysis, and CFD simulation. This method contains performing experiments on a pilot two-phase separation unit; CFD simulating of the laboratory-scale separator and validating the simulation using the experimental data; determining a range for the slenderness ratio of practical surface separators using dimensional analysis; CFD simulating the separators with slenderness ratios within the specified range using the procedure, and determining the optimum slenderness ratio. The pilot two-phase separation unit consists of a laboratory-scale horizontal two-phase separator, pumps, compressors and a static mixer to create a two-phase flow, and a liquid filter to extract liquid droplets from the separator gas outflow. The diameter of the trapped liquid droplets and their weight are, then, determined by imaging and weighing processes. The CFD model is validated with the experimental data (with less than 8% relative error). Using these steps, the dimensions of a surface separator for one of the production wells located in phase 9 of South Pars gas field are determined. One of the most important achievements of this research is to provide the necessary basis for the optimal design of surface separators.
{"title":"A NOVEL HYBRID METHOD TO DESIGN HORIZONTAL GAS-LIQUID SEPARATORS","authors":"M. Fadaei, M. Ameri, Y. Rafiei, M. Hoseinzadeh","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Separators are a vital part of almost every oil and gas production facility. Because of their importance, optimal separator design is critical. Semi-empirical design method is a conventional and more primitive way of determining the optimal dimensions for separators. However, because of the simplifying assumptions used to derive semi-empirical correlations, this method can only be used to obtain a rough estimate for separator dimensions. In this study, a novel hybrid method to design multiphase separators is presented using experimentation, dimensional analysis, and CFD simulation. This method contains performing experiments on a pilot two-phase separation unit; CFD simulating of the laboratory-scale separator and validating the simulation using the experimental data; determining a range for the slenderness ratio of practical surface separators using dimensional analysis; CFD simulating the separators with slenderness ratios within the specified range using the procedure, and determining the optimum slenderness ratio. The pilot two-phase separation unit consists of a laboratory-scale horizontal two-phase separator, pumps, compressors and a static mixer to create a two-phase flow, and a liquid filter to extract liquid droplets from the separator gas outflow. The diameter of the trapped liquid droplets and their weight are, then, determined by imaging and weighing processes. The CFD model is validated with the experimental data (with less than 8% relative error). Using these steps, the dimensions of a surface separator for one of the production wells located in phase 9 of South Pars gas field are determined. One of the most important achievements of this research is to provide the necessary basis for the optimal design of surface separators.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moura, R. M. Barros, A. A. Souza Neto, J. L. Duarte, L. M. T. D. Oliveira
The presence of sand close to hydrocarbons in production is most often harmful to well productivity. This also leads to undesired problems in surface devices and equipment, as well as obstructions in the production column and, consequently, decreasing fluid flow production and causing severe economic losses to the field. The objective of this work is to study the influence of sand content in production pipelines through simulation using computational fluid dynamics tools ICEM CFD and ANSYS CFX 19.0- student version in vertical, directional and horizontal well scenarios, with variations of parameters such as the saturation of the fluids present in the system and the type of oil being produced. The results obtained indicate some impacts of excessive sand production in oil wells, such as a decrease in productivity in more than 20% for the case with 10% sand content in the pipeline, and a decrease in productivity in more than 39% for the case with 20% sand content in the pipe. In addition, the increase in head loss for lifting fluids was observed.
{"title":"CFD SIMULATION OF SAND CONTENT INFLUENCE IN OIL PRODUCTION PIPELINES","authors":"A. Moura, R. M. Barros, A. A. Souza Neto, J. L. Duarte, L. M. T. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of sand close to hydrocarbons in production is most often harmful to well productivity. This also leads to undesired problems in surface devices and equipment, as well as obstructions in the production column and, consequently, decreasing fluid flow production and causing severe economic losses to the field. The objective of this work is to study the influence of sand content in production pipelines through simulation using computational fluid dynamics tools ICEM CFD and ANSYS CFX 19.0- student version in vertical, directional and horizontal well scenarios, with variations of parameters such as the saturation of the fluids present in the system and the type of oil being produced. The results obtained indicate some impacts of excessive sand production in oil wells, such as a decrease in productivity in more than 20% for the case with 10% sand content in the pipeline, and a decrease in productivity in more than 39% for the case with 20% sand content in the pipe. In addition, the increase in head loss for lifting fluids was observed.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87550724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil and its derivatives are applied in different ways in society and their commercialization, handling, and disposal raise concerns regarding the potential for contamination of soils and groundwater in cases of spillage. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the percolation of petroleum derivatives in sandy areas of the Alagoan coast. This analysis used automotive lubricating oil spill tests to evaluate the effect of viscosity (0w20 – 47.6 cSt, 5w30 – 64 cSt and 20w50 – 134.7cSt) and granulometry in sandy media (Praia do Saco – 3.06 μm in diameter, Cruz das Almas – 5.06 μm in diameter, and Barra de Sao Miguel – 5.47 μm in diameter). While verifying the influence of physicochemical characteristics of the soils, values of the average Sauter diameter, distribution of the sizes of the sediments, and the values of the total saturation (100%) of water were determined for all conditions analyzed. Thus, results show that, after determining the physicochemical characteristics of the soils and the oils applied in the bench tests, the viscosity of the oils and the values of the particle diameters of the sandy soils influence the percolation behavior. This influence was determined by the percolation behavior of the oils in sandy media, because for the analysis in a soil with a diameter of 3.06, the radial percolation was more significant for the oil with higher viscosity (20w50 - 134.7cSt) and in the axial percolation the behavior was more present for the lower viscosity oil (0w20 - 47.6 cSt). That is, in a sandy soil of the same diameter, radial flow increases with increasing viscosity and axial flow with the lowest viscosity. In addition, the radial flow is more expressive in smaller granulometries and the axial flow in larger granulometries for the same viscosity condition. However, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the front of advance of the contaminants and, thus, to know the extent of the damage, so that the measures of environmental remediation are adopted.
石油及其衍生物在社会上以不同的方式应用，它们的商业化、处理和处置引起了人们对泄漏情况下污染土壤和地下水的可能性的关注。本研究旨在评价阿拉戈斯海岸砂质地区石油衍生物的渗流行为。该分析使用汽车润滑油溢出试验来评估粘度(0w20 - 47.6 cSt, 5w30 - 64 cSt和20w50 - 134.7cSt)和粒度在沙质介质(Praia do Saco -直径3.06 μm, Cruz das Almas -直径5.06 μm, Barra de Sao Miguel -直径5.47 μm)中的影响。在验证土壤物理化学特性的影响时，确定了所有分析条件下的平均索德直径值、沉积物大小分布和总饱和度(100%)的值。结果表明，在确定了试验台试验中土壤和油类的理化特性后，油类的粘度和砂质土的粒径值对渗流行为有影响。这种影响是由砂质介质中油的渗流行为决定的，因为对于直径为3.06的土壤的分析，高粘度的油(20w50 - 134.7cSt)的径向渗流更为显著，而低粘度的油(0w20 - 47.6 cSt)的轴向渗流行为更为明显。即在相同直径的砂土中，径向流随黏度的增加而增加，轴向流随黏度的降低而增加。此外，在相同粘度条件下，小颗粒的径向流更具有表现力，而大颗粒的轴向流更具有表现力。然而，评估污染物的前进前沿，从而了解其破坏程度，从而采取环境修复措施是至关重要的。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE PERCOLATION BEHAVIOR OF PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES IN SANDYSOIL OF THE ALAGOAS COAST","authors":"T. D. Silva, R. J. Brandão, S. H. V. Carvalho","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Oil and its derivatives are applied in different ways in society and their commercialization, handling, and disposal raise concerns regarding the potential for contamination of soils and groundwater in cases of spillage. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the percolation of petroleum derivatives in sandy areas of the Alagoan coast. This analysis used automotive lubricating oil spill tests to evaluate the effect of viscosity (0w20 – 47.6 cSt, 5w30 – 64 cSt and 20w50 – 134.7cSt) and granulometry in sandy media (Praia do Saco – 3.06 μm in diameter, Cruz das Almas – 5.06 μm in diameter, and Barra de Sao Miguel – 5.47 μm in diameter). While verifying the influence of physicochemical characteristics of the soils, values of the average Sauter diameter, distribution of the sizes of the sediments, and the values of the total saturation (100%) of water were determined for all conditions analyzed. Thus, results show that, after determining the physicochemical characteristics of the soils and the oils applied in the bench tests, the viscosity of the oils and the values of the particle diameters of the sandy soils influence the percolation behavior. This influence was determined by the percolation behavior of the oils in sandy media, because for the analysis in a soil with a diameter of 3.06, the radial percolation was more significant for the oil with higher viscosity (20w50 - 134.7cSt) and in the axial percolation the behavior was more present for the lower viscosity oil (0w20 - 47.6 cSt). That is, in a sandy soil of the same diameter, radial flow increases with increasing viscosity and axial flow with the lowest viscosity. In addition, the radial flow is more expressive in smaller granulometries and the axial flow in larger granulometries for the same viscosity condition. However, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the front of advance of the contaminants and, thus, to know the extent of the damage, so that the measures of environmental remediation are adopted.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83617544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Botechia, M. Correia, V. Rios, A. Davolio, S. Santos, J. C. H. Hohendorff Filho, D. Schiozer
The Brazilian pre-salt fields are carbonate reservoirs with good quality oils, but they can present high amount of CO2 in dissolution, which leads to a high amount of produced gas and can limit oil production. Therefore, the development and management of fields with those characteristics are complex tasks that involve many decisions, with a large number of variables to be considered. Thus, numerical simulation plays an important role in overcoming the challenges that arise from the management of these fields, integrating different subjects such as geosciences and reservoir characterization, data assimilation, production facilities, production optimization processes, economic evaluation, and decision analyses under uncertainty. Open source benchmarks are often used in numerical simulation studies to evaluate and compare techniques and methods, using the same comparison basis. The objective of this paper is to present UNISIM-IV, a set of carbonate benchmarks analogous to a pre-salt field, adding new possibilities to the scientific community and organizations that can improve workflows in the context of reservoirs with the characteristics mentioned above. The benchmark is divided into four different cases: UNISIM-IV-2019, UNISIM-IV-2022, UNISIM-IV-2024, and UNISIM-IV-2026, where the date refers to the date of the analysis. The main differences among these cases involve the stage of field’s life cycle, ranging from early development phase (2019) to a developed reservoir with eight years of production (2026). Thus, the available history data and the mapped uncertainties differ between the cases. The users can choose the case that best suits their needs, depending on specific research objectives. Each of these cases comprise: (1) an ensemble of prior uncertainties, (2) production, injection, and pressure history data, and (3) a history-matched simulation model suggested as a base case. There is also a reference case, named UNISIM-IV-R, which consists of a model with a very refined grid and known information used as the “true response” to generate all data that could be measured in a real field, such as production history and well logs.
{"title":"UNISIM-IV: BENCHMARK PROPOSAL FOR LIGHT OIL CARBONATE RESERVOIR WITH HIGH CO2 CONTENT","authors":"V. Botechia, M. Correia, V. Rios, A. Davolio, S. Santos, J. C. H. Hohendorff Filho, D. Schiozer","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian pre-salt fields are carbonate reservoirs with good quality oils, but they can present high amount of CO2 in dissolution, which leads to a high amount of produced gas and can limit oil production. Therefore, the development and management of fields with those characteristics are complex tasks that involve many decisions, with a large number of variables to be considered. Thus, numerical simulation plays an important role in overcoming the challenges that arise from the management of these fields, integrating different subjects such as geosciences and reservoir characterization, data assimilation, production facilities, production optimization processes, economic evaluation, and decision analyses under uncertainty. Open source benchmarks are often used in numerical simulation studies to evaluate and compare techniques and methods, using the same comparison basis. The objective of this paper is to present UNISIM-IV, a set of carbonate benchmarks analogous to a pre-salt field, adding new possibilities to the scientific community and organizations that can improve workflows in the context of reservoirs with the characteristics mentioned above. The benchmark is divided into four different cases: UNISIM-IV-2019, UNISIM-IV-2022, UNISIM-IV-2024, and UNISIM-IV-2026, where the date refers to the date of the analysis. The main differences among these cases involve the stage of field’s life cycle, ranging from early development phase (2019) to a developed reservoir with eight years of production (2026). Thus, the available history data and the mapped uncertainties differ between the cases. The users can choose the case that best suits their needs, depending on specific research objectives. Each of these cases comprise: (1) an ensemble of prior uncertainties, (2) production, injection, and pressure history data, and (3) a history-matched simulation model suggested as a base case. There is also a reference case, named UNISIM-IV-R, which consists of a model with a very refined grid and known information used as the “true response” to generate all data that could be measured in a real field, such as production history and well logs.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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