Although economically vital, whether in cold Scandinavian or warm Caribbean waters, offshore oil exploration accounts for oil spills at sea. One of the mechanisms used for recovering spilled oil consists of using porous materials with high sorption capacity in the cleanup process. Post-consumer polyurethane foams (PC-PUFs) are highly porous polymers typically disposed by consumers in Brazilian cities. In this work, PC-PUFs obtained from discarded mattresses were modified superficially to promote hydrophobization and increase their selectivity for oils over water. The characterization showed foams with well-defined macro pores. Surfaces of MoS2-modified foams (MoS2-PC) showed an increase in seawater penetration rejection and oil attraction when compared to unmodified foams (Un-PC). Sorption tests simulating oil spillage at 1 °C, 12 °C, and 23 °C were conducted to verify the influence of temperature on oil recovery by PC-PUFs. Tests on the seawater-diesel system showed that diesel, a low-viscosity oil with slight viscosity variation with temperature reduction, penetrated both Un-PC and MoS2-PC foams easily, making the modifications on MoS2-PC irrelevant. In the seawater-S46 lubricant system, which had a more viscous oil and presented a substantial variation in viscosity with temperature reduction, there was greater difficulty in penetrating the Un-PC foam when compared to MoS2-PC, showing that the modifications were responsible for the increase in the recovery of more viscous oils spilled in seawater at different temperatures.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RECOVERY OF OILS SPILLED IN SEAWATER USING HYDROPHOBIZED POST-CONSUMER POLYURETHANE FOAMS","authors":"K. R. Rocha, O. Chiavone-Filho, H. N. M. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Although economically vital, whether in cold Scandinavian or warm Caribbean waters, offshore oil exploration accounts for oil spills at sea. One of the mechanisms used for recovering spilled oil consists of using porous materials with high sorption capacity in the cleanup process. Post-consumer polyurethane foams (PC-PUFs) are highly porous polymers typically disposed by consumers in Brazilian cities. In this work, PC-PUFs obtained from discarded mattresses were modified superficially to promote hydrophobization and increase their selectivity for oils over water. The characterization showed foams with well-defined macro pores. Surfaces of MoS2-modified foams (MoS2-PC) showed an increase in seawater penetration rejection and oil attraction when compared to unmodified foams (Un-PC). Sorption tests simulating oil spillage at 1 °C, 12 °C, and 23 °C were conducted to verify the influence of temperature on oil recovery by PC-PUFs. Tests on the seawater-diesel system showed that diesel, a low-viscosity oil with slight viscosity variation with temperature reduction, penetrated both Un-PC and MoS2-PC foams easily, making the modifications on MoS2-PC irrelevant. In the seawater-S46 lubricant system, which had a more viscous oil and presented a substantial variation in viscosity with temperature reduction, there was greater difficulty in penetrating the Un-PC foam when compared to MoS2-PC, showing that the modifications were responsible for the increase in the recovery of more viscous oils spilled in seawater at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Separators are a vital part of almost every oil and gas production facility. Because of their importance, optimal separator design is critical. Semi-empirical design method is a conventional and more primitive way of determining the optimal dimensions for separators. However, because of the simplifying assumptions used to derive semi-empirical correlations, this method can only be used to obtain a rough estimate for separator dimensions. In this study, a novel hybrid method to design multiphase separators is presented using experimentation, dimensional analysis, and CFD simulation. This method contains performing experiments on a pilot two-phase separation unit; CFD simulating of the laboratory-scale separator and validating the simulation using the experimental data; determining a range for the slenderness ratio of practical surface separators using dimensional analysis; CFD simulating the separators with slenderness ratios within the specified range using the procedure, and determining the optimum slenderness ratio. The pilot two-phase separation unit consists of a laboratory-scale horizontal two-phase separator, pumps, compressors and a static mixer to create a two-phase flow, and a liquid filter to extract liquid droplets from the separator gas outflow. The diameter of the trapped liquid droplets and their weight are, then, determined by imaging and weighing processes. The CFD model is validated with the experimental data (with less than 8% relative error). Using these steps, the dimensions of a surface separator for one of the production wells located in phase 9 of South Pars gas field are determined. One of the most important achievements of this research is to provide the necessary basis for the optimal design of surface separators.
{"title":"A NOVEL HYBRID METHOD TO DESIGN HORIZONTAL GAS-LIQUID SEPARATORS","authors":"M. Fadaei, M. Ameri, Y. Rafiei, M. Hoseinzadeh","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Separators are a vital part of almost every oil and gas production facility. Because of their importance, optimal separator design is critical. Semi-empirical design method is a conventional and more primitive way of determining the optimal dimensions for separators. However, because of the simplifying assumptions used to derive semi-empirical correlations, this method can only be used to obtain a rough estimate for separator dimensions. In this study, a novel hybrid method to design multiphase separators is presented using experimentation, dimensional analysis, and CFD simulation. This method contains performing experiments on a pilot two-phase separation unit; CFD simulating of the laboratory-scale separator and validating the simulation using the experimental data; determining a range for the slenderness ratio of practical surface separators using dimensional analysis; CFD simulating the separators with slenderness ratios within the specified range using the procedure, and determining the optimum slenderness ratio. The pilot two-phase separation unit consists of a laboratory-scale horizontal two-phase separator, pumps, compressors and a static mixer to create a two-phase flow, and a liquid filter to extract liquid droplets from the separator gas outflow. The diameter of the trapped liquid droplets and their weight are, then, determined by imaging and weighing processes. The CFD model is validated with the experimental data (with less than 8% relative error). Using these steps, the dimensions of a surface separator for one of the production wells located in phase 9 of South Pars gas field are determined. One of the most important achievements of this research is to provide the necessary basis for the optimal design of surface separators.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil and its derivatives are applied in different ways in society and their commercialization, handling, and disposal raise concerns regarding the potential for contamination of soils and groundwater in cases of spillage. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the percolation of petroleum derivatives in sandy areas of the Alagoan coast. This analysis used automotive lubricating oil spill tests to evaluate the effect of viscosity (0w20 – 47.6 cSt, 5w30 – 64 cSt and 20w50 – 134.7cSt) and granulometry in sandy media (Praia do Saco – 3.06 μm in diameter, Cruz das Almas – 5.06 μm in diameter, and Barra de Sao Miguel – 5.47 μm in diameter). While verifying the influence of physicochemical characteristics of the soils, values of the average Sauter diameter, distribution of the sizes of the sediments, and the values of the total saturation (100%) of water were determined for all conditions analyzed. Thus, results show that, after determining the physicochemical characteristics of the soils and the oils applied in the bench tests, the viscosity of the oils and the values of the particle diameters of the sandy soils influence the percolation behavior. This influence was determined by the percolation behavior of the oils in sandy media, because for the analysis in a soil with a diameter of 3.06, the radial percolation was more significant for the oil with higher viscosity (20w50 - 134.7cSt) and in the axial percolation the behavior was more present for the lower viscosity oil (0w20 - 47.6 cSt). That is, in a sandy soil of the same diameter, radial flow increases with increasing viscosity and axial flow with the lowest viscosity. In addition, the radial flow is more expressive in smaller granulometries and the axial flow in larger granulometries for the same viscosity condition. However, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the front of advance of the contaminants and, thus, to know the extent of the damage, so that the measures of environmental remediation are adopted.
石油及其衍生物在社会上以不同的方式应用，它们的商业化、处理和处置引起了人们对泄漏情况下污染土壤和地下水的可能性的关注。本研究旨在评价阿拉戈斯海岸砂质地区石油衍生物的渗流行为。该分析使用汽车润滑油溢出试验来评估粘度(0w20 - 47.6 cSt, 5w30 - 64 cSt和20w50 - 134.7cSt)和粒度在沙质介质(Praia do Saco -直径3.06 μm, Cruz das Almas -直径5.06 μm, Barra de Sao Miguel -直径5.47 μm)中的影响。在验证土壤物理化学特性的影响时，确定了所有分析条件下的平均索德直径值、沉积物大小分布和总饱和度(100%)的值。结果表明，在确定了试验台试验中土壤和油类的理化特性后，油类的粘度和砂质土的粒径值对渗流行为有影响。这种影响是由砂质介质中油的渗流行为决定的，因为对于直径为3.06的土壤的分析，高粘度的油(20w50 - 134.7cSt)的径向渗流更为显著，而低粘度的油(0w20 - 47.6 cSt)的轴向渗流行为更为明显。即在相同直径的砂土中，径向流随黏度的增加而增加，轴向流随黏度的降低而增加。此外，在相同粘度条件下，小颗粒的径向流更具有表现力，而大颗粒的轴向流更具有表现力。然而，评估污染物的前进前沿，从而了解其破坏程度，从而采取环境修复措施是至关重要的。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE PERCOLATION BEHAVIOR OF PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES IN SANDYSOIL OF THE ALAGOAS COAST","authors":"T. D. Silva, R. J. Brandão, S. H. V. Carvalho","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Oil and its derivatives are applied in different ways in society and their commercialization, handling, and disposal raise concerns regarding the potential for contamination of soils and groundwater in cases of spillage. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of the percolation of petroleum derivatives in sandy areas of the Alagoan coast. This analysis used automotive lubricating oil spill tests to evaluate the effect of viscosity (0w20 – 47.6 cSt, 5w30 – 64 cSt and 20w50 – 134.7cSt) and granulometry in sandy media (Praia do Saco – 3.06 μm in diameter, Cruz das Almas – 5.06 μm in diameter, and Barra de Sao Miguel – 5.47 μm in diameter). While verifying the influence of physicochemical characteristics of the soils, values of the average Sauter diameter, distribution of the sizes of the sediments, and the values of the total saturation (100%) of water were determined for all conditions analyzed. Thus, results show that, after determining the physicochemical characteristics of the soils and the oils applied in the bench tests, the viscosity of the oils and the values of the particle diameters of the sandy soils influence the percolation behavior. This influence was determined by the percolation behavior of the oils in sandy media, because for the analysis in a soil with a diameter of 3.06, the radial percolation was more significant for the oil with higher viscosity (20w50 - 134.7cSt) and in the axial percolation the behavior was more present for the lower viscosity oil (0w20 - 47.6 cSt). That is, in a sandy soil of the same diameter, radial flow increases with increasing viscosity and axial flow with the lowest viscosity. In addition, the radial flow is more expressive in smaller granulometries and the axial flow in larger granulometries for the same viscosity condition. However, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the front of advance of the contaminants and, thus, to know the extent of the damage, so that the measures of environmental remediation are adopted.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83617544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Botechia, M. Correia, V. Rios, A. Davolio, S. Santos, J. C. H. Hohendorff Filho, D. Schiozer
The Brazilian pre-salt fields are carbonate reservoirs with good quality oils, but they can present high amount of CO2 in dissolution, which leads to a high amount of produced gas and can limit oil production. Therefore, the development and management of fields with those characteristics are complex tasks that involve many decisions, with a large number of variables to be considered. Thus, numerical simulation plays an important role in overcoming the challenges that arise from the management of these fields, integrating different subjects such as geosciences and reservoir characterization, data assimilation, production facilities, production optimization processes, economic evaluation, and decision analyses under uncertainty. Open source benchmarks are often used in numerical simulation studies to evaluate and compare techniques and methods, using the same comparison basis. The objective of this paper is to present UNISIM-IV, a set of carbonate benchmarks analogous to a pre-salt field, adding new possibilities to the scientific community and organizations that can improve workflows in the context of reservoirs with the characteristics mentioned above. The benchmark is divided into four different cases: UNISIM-IV-2019, UNISIM-IV-2022, UNISIM-IV-2024, and UNISIM-IV-2026, where the date refers to the date of the analysis. The main differences among these cases involve the stage of field’s life cycle, ranging from early development phase (2019) to a developed reservoir with eight years of production (2026). Thus, the available history data and the mapped uncertainties differ between the cases. The users can choose the case that best suits their needs, depending on specific research objectives. Each of these cases comprise: (1) an ensemble of prior uncertainties, (2) production, injection, and pressure history data, and (3) a history-matched simulation model suggested as a base case. There is also a reference case, named UNISIM-IV-R, which consists of a model with a very refined grid and known information used as the “true response” to generate all data that could be measured in a real field, such as production history and well logs.
{"title":"UNISIM-IV: BENCHMARK PROPOSAL FOR LIGHT OIL CARBONATE RESERVOIR WITH HIGH CO2 CONTENT","authors":"V. Botechia, M. Correia, V. Rios, A. Davolio, S. Santos, J. C. H. Hohendorff Filho, D. Schiozer","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian pre-salt fields are carbonate reservoirs with good quality oils, but they can present high amount of CO2 in dissolution, which leads to a high amount of produced gas and can limit oil production. Therefore, the development and management of fields with those characteristics are complex tasks that involve many decisions, with a large number of variables to be considered. Thus, numerical simulation plays an important role in overcoming the challenges that arise from the management of these fields, integrating different subjects such as geosciences and reservoir characterization, data assimilation, production facilities, production optimization processes, economic evaluation, and decision analyses under uncertainty. Open source benchmarks are often used in numerical simulation studies to evaluate and compare techniques and methods, using the same comparison basis. The objective of this paper is to present UNISIM-IV, a set of carbonate benchmarks analogous to a pre-salt field, adding new possibilities to the scientific community and organizations that can improve workflows in the context of reservoirs with the characteristics mentioned above. The benchmark is divided into four different cases: UNISIM-IV-2019, UNISIM-IV-2022, UNISIM-IV-2024, and UNISIM-IV-2026, where the date refers to the date of the analysis. The main differences among these cases involve the stage of field’s life cycle, ranging from early development phase (2019) to a developed reservoir with eight years of production (2026). Thus, the available history data and the mapped uncertainties differ between the cases. The users can choose the case that best suits their needs, depending on specific research objectives. Each of these cases comprise: (1) an ensemble of prior uncertainties, (2) production, injection, and pressure history data, and (3) a history-matched simulation model suggested as a base case. There is also a reference case, named UNISIM-IV-R, which consists of a model with a very refined grid and known information used as the “true response” to generate all data that could be measured in a real field, such as production history and well logs.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nogueira, B. Gonçalves, E. C. Cren, K. C. S. Figueiredo
Adsorption is a process that has been showing promising results in the recovery of butanol, acetone, and ethanol compounds from the fermentation broth in ABE route, in which butanol is produced by biomass instead of oxo process. In this work, different sources of activated carbon were investigated as adsorbents in diluted aqueous solution of butanol, ethanol, and acetone. The adsorbents were characterized based on particle size distribution. Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch system. Kinetic data indicated a fast adsorption process. The equilibrium data for butanol and acetone were better described by Freundlich isotherm, indicating a reversible process, with weak adsorbate-adsorbent interactions.
{"title":"ADSORPTION OF ACETONE, BUTANOL, AND ETHANOL IN ACTIVATED CARBON AIMING THE SEPARATION OF ORGANICS FROM DILUTED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS","authors":"B. Nogueira, B. Gonçalves, E. C. Cren, K. C. S. Figueiredo","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption is a process that has been showing promising results in the recovery of butanol, acetone, and ethanol compounds from the fermentation broth in ABE route, in which butanol is produced by biomass instead of oxo process. In this work, different sources of activated carbon were investigated as adsorbents in diluted aqueous solution of butanol, ethanol, and acetone. The adsorbents were characterized based on particle size distribution. Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch system. Kinetic data indicated a fast adsorption process. The equilibrium data for butanol and acetone were better described by Freundlich isotherm, indicating a reversible process, with weak adsorbate-adsorbent interactions.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Araújo, L. C. Batista, D. N. N. Silva, C. R. Lucas, P. T. P. Aum
Thermal recovery methods aim to reduce oil viscosity, thus, increasing its mobility and enhancing its recovery. Reservoir numerical simulation is a powerful tool for predicting reservoir production performance under different operational parameters. One critical point is understanding the relationship between flow rate and recovery factor. This study aims to analyze steam injection into the porous medium in heavy oil reservoirs by numerical simulation using a commercial multiphase flow simulator to simulate the continuous steam injection process. The homogeneous reservoir was built with 14,375 cells. The fluid model has characteristics of onshore Northeastern Brazilian fields. Simulations were performed over a period of 16 years, and results indicate that the steam injection promotes oil production anticipation but reaches a limit as the flow rate increases. The results presented can contribute to improve the understanding of the effects of flow rate in a heavy oil reservoir.
{"title":"STEAM INJECTION NUMERICAL ANALYSES IN HEAVY OIL RESERVOIRS","authors":"E. A. Araújo, L. C. Batista, D. N. N. Silva, C. R. Lucas, P. T. P. Aum","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal recovery methods aim to reduce oil viscosity, thus, increasing its mobility and enhancing its recovery. Reservoir numerical simulation is a powerful tool for predicting reservoir production performance under different operational parameters. One critical point is understanding the relationship between flow rate and recovery factor. This study aims to analyze steam injection into the porous medium in heavy oil reservoirs by numerical simulation using a commercial multiphase flow simulator to simulate the continuous steam injection process. The homogeneous reservoir was built with 14,375 cells. The fluid model has characteristics of onshore Northeastern Brazilian fields. Simulations were performed over a period of 16 years, and results indicate that the steam injection promotes oil production anticipation but reaches a limit as the flow rate increases. The results presented can contribute to improve the understanding of the effects of flow rate in a heavy oil reservoir.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Figueiredo, J. F. Sousa, M. Pedroza, M. Bezerra
The objective of this work is to produce and characterize bio-oil, char, and gases obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut husk using a laboratory reactor. In the experiments, the reactor rotated at 33.7 rpm, the reaction time was usually 30 min, and the biomass flow rate was 540 g h-1. A mass balance showed that the maximum yields of the phases were: bio-oil (18.1%), char (21.7%), gas (37.6%), obtained at 500 °C and 100 cm3 min-1 of the nitrogen carrier gas. The bio-oil was characterized for density, viscosity at 40 °C, pH, higher heating value, solid contents, and composition. The char was characterized for the contents of ash, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon, higher heating value, elemental analysis, and FTIR. The gases were analyzed by chromatography and consisted mostly of CO2 (39.45%), CO (30.64%), and H2 (24.07 v/v%).
这项工作的目的是利用实验室反应器生产和表征从椰子壳热解获得的生物油、炭和气体。实验中，反应器转速为33.7 rpm，反应时间通常为30 min，生物质流速为540 g h-1。质量平衡表明，在500°C和100 cm3 min-1的氮气载气条件下，各相的最大产率分别为生物油(18.1%)、炭(21.7%)和气(37.6%)。该生物油具有密度、40°C粘度、pH值、高热值、固体含量和组成等特点。通过灰分、水分、挥发物、固定碳的含量、较高的热值、元素分析和红外光谱对该炭进行了表征。经色谱分析，气体主要由CO2(39.45%)、CO(30.64%)和H2 (24.07 v/v%)组成。
{"title":"STRAIGHT PYROLYSIS OF COCONUT HUSK IN A ROTATING CYLINDER REACTOR AND PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION","authors":"A. L. Figueiredo, J. F. Sousa, M. Pedroza, M. Bezerra","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to produce and characterize bio-oil, char, and gases obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut husk using a laboratory reactor. In the experiments, the reactor rotated at 33.7 rpm, the reaction time was usually 30 min, and the biomass flow rate was 540 g h-1. A mass balance showed that the maximum yields of the phases were: bio-oil (18.1%), char (21.7%), gas (37.6%), obtained at 500 °C and 100 cm3 min-1 of the nitrogen carrier gas. The bio-oil was characterized for density, viscosity at 40 °C, pH, higher heating value, solid contents, and composition. The char was characterized for the contents of ash, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon, higher heating value, elemental analysis, and FTIR. The gases were analyzed by chromatography and consisted mostly of CO2 (39.45%), CO (30.64%), and H2 (24.07 v/v%).","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90392464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Rodríguez, M. C. Hernández, L. Castillo-Campos
This study evaluates an improved linseed-based calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. Initially, the linseed gel is extracted through a hydrolysis process for the formulation of seven inhibitors at different concentrations, with the addition of benzoic acid as a preservative and chelating agent. They are characterized together with the linseed gel, to subsequently determine the efficiency of the different products. Finally, an analysis of variance is carried out to check if the developed product showed similar behavior to the referential inhibitor. In the study, the 50% V/V inhibitor was the most efficient in a range between 38.04 and 89.57%. Likewise, it showed an inhibition efficacy with a notable difference in relation to the previously developed product, which verified the benzoic acid effect as a chelating additive, thus, preventing mineral precipitation. In this manner, the improved bioinhibitor was able to inhibit the calcium carbonate scale formation.
{"title":"ENHANCED CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALE INHIBITOR BASED ON LINSEED MUCILAGE","authors":"A. E. Rodríguez, M. C. Hernández, L. Castillo-Campos","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates an improved linseed-based calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. Initially, the linseed gel is extracted through a hydrolysis process for the formulation of seven inhibitors at different concentrations, with the addition of benzoic acid as a preservative and chelating agent. They are characterized together with the linseed gel, to subsequently determine the efficiency of the different products. Finally, an analysis of variance is carried out to check if the developed product showed similar behavior to the referential inhibitor. In the study, the 50% V/V inhibitor was the most efficient in a range between 38.04 and 89.57%. Likewise, it showed an inhibition efficacy with a notable difference in relation to the previously developed product, which verified the benzoic acid effect as a chelating additive, thus, preventing mineral precipitation. In this manner, the improved bioinhibitor was able to inhibit the calcium carbonate scale formation.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. V. L. Boing, A. Soares, B. M. Bazzo, D. F. Bettú, L. F. B. Oliveira, P. Soares
In deep-water reservoirs, predicting geometry of sedimentary bodies and distribution of facies become inefficient due to data limitations. Stratigraphic forward modelling (SFM) appears as an alternate geological modelling method. High uncertainty is related to definition of input parameters and calibration of the SFM models. This study assesses responses and respective sensitivities of models from the Morro do Chaves Formation (Sergipe/Alagoas Basin) by carrying out SFM multi-realizations. These assessments allow the evaluation and reduction of uncertainties to define input parameters capable of generating models more suitable to the data observed.
在深水油藏中，由于数据的限制，预测沉积体的几何形状和相分布的效率很低。地层正演模拟(SFM)是一种替代的地质模拟方法。高不确定性与输入参数的定义和SFM模型的校准有关。本研究通过进行SFM多实现，评估了Morro do Chaves组(Sergipe/Alagoas盆地)模型的响应和各自的灵敏度。这些评估允许评估和减少不确定性，以定义能够生成更适合观测数据的模型的输入参数。
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M. O. Lessa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, C. F. Silva, J. Ruiz, M. Pedroza, G. E. G. Vieira, M. Bezerra
Pyrolysis gases can be upgraded through CO2 adsorption. This work shows the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a 1 kg h−1 rotating cylinder reactor. Non-condensable gases passed through a fixed bed of 13X zeolite at 40 ◦C. Prior to processing actual pyrolysis gases, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the 13X was evaluated with synthetic CO2 in a magnetic suspension balance to estimate Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth isotherm parameters. Afterwards, a synthetic mixture with composition similar to that of sewage pyrolysis gases was tested in a bench-scale fixed-bed adsorption column to assess both the breakthrough curves for different adsorbent masses (10, 15, and 20 g) and the saturation time of the adsorbent. The dynamic adsorption in the column was modeled as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which was transformed into a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) via the Method of Lines and, then, solved using DASSL. The ODEs were used to estimate adsorption parameters such as coefficient of axial dispersion, effective diffusivity within the particle, and external coefficient of mass transfer. The synthetic gases were replaced with actual sewage sludge pyrolysis gases in the adsorption column with 13X. The breakthrough curves revealed a quick saturation of the bed by pyrolysis aerosols. Despite its short lifetime in comparison with synthetic gases, the 13X proved effective in adsorbing pyrolysis CO2.
{"title":"CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE PYROLYSIS GASES IN A FIXED BED OF 13X ZEOLITE","authors":"M. O. Lessa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, C. F. Silva, J. Ruiz, M. Pedroza, G. E. G. Vieira, M. Bezerra","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis gases can be upgraded through CO2 adsorption. This work shows the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a 1 kg h−1 rotating cylinder reactor. Non-condensable gases passed through a fixed bed of 13X zeolite at 40 ◦C. Prior to processing actual pyrolysis gases, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the 13X was evaluated with synthetic CO2 in a magnetic suspension balance to estimate Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth isotherm parameters. Afterwards, a synthetic mixture with composition similar to that of sewage pyrolysis gases was tested in a bench-scale fixed-bed adsorption column to assess both the breakthrough curves for different adsorbent masses (10, 15, and 20 g) and the saturation time of the adsorbent. The dynamic adsorption in the column was modeled as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which was transformed into a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) via the Method of Lines and, then, solved using DASSL. The ODEs were used to estimate adsorption parameters such as coefficient of axial dispersion, effective diffusivity within the particle, and external coefficient of mass transfer. The synthetic gases were replaced with actual sewage sludge pyrolysis gases in the adsorption column with 13X. The breakthrough curves revealed a quick saturation of the bed by pyrolysis aerosols. Despite its short lifetime in comparison with synthetic gases, the 13X proved effective in adsorbing pyrolysis CO2.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76485312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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