B. Nogueira, B. Gonçalves, E. C. Cren, K. C. S. Figueiredo
Adsorption is a process that has been showing promising results in the recovery of butanol, acetone, and ethanol compounds from the fermentation broth in ABE route, in which butanol is produced by biomass instead of oxo process. In this work, different sources of activated carbon were investigated as adsorbents in diluted aqueous solution of butanol, ethanol, and acetone. The adsorbents were characterized based on particle size distribution. Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch system. Kinetic data indicated a fast adsorption process. The equilibrium data for butanol and acetone were better described by Freundlich isotherm, indicating a reversible process, with weak adsorbate-adsorbent interactions.
{"title":"ADSORPTION OF ACETONE, BUTANOL, AND ETHANOL IN ACTIVATED CARBON AIMING THE SEPARATION OF ORGANICS FROM DILUTED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS","authors":"B. Nogueira, B. Gonçalves, E. C. Cren, K. C. S. Figueiredo","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption is a process that has been showing promising results in the recovery of butanol, acetone, and ethanol compounds from the fermentation broth in ABE route, in which butanol is produced by biomass instead of oxo process. In this work, different sources of activated carbon were investigated as adsorbents in diluted aqueous solution of butanol, ethanol, and acetone. The adsorbents were characterized based on particle size distribution. Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch system. Kinetic data indicated a fast adsorption process. The equilibrium data for butanol and acetone were better described by Freundlich isotherm, indicating a reversible process, with weak adsorbate-adsorbent interactions.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. F. Melo, C. A. V. Várady Filho, J. P. L. Santos, F. Sawada, R. Dias, C. O. Souza
Laying of the conductor casing is part of the early stages of well designs. Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTu) is a test used in situ to determine geotechnical properties and evaluate stratigraphy parameters, i.e. undrained shear strength and specific weight. This test generally obtains parameters up to a depth of approximately 40 meters. However, since conductor casing can reach up to 100 meters, it is necessary to estimate data outside the CPTu test domain during the design phase. This study involves analyzing methodologies to estimate geotechnical parameters of clayey soil at depths beyond known data domain. Applicability of these methods can help the decision-making process of a well design, accelerate the construction phase, and contribute to structural integrity. Results verify and describe the efficiency of the methods in estimating geotechnical parameters in the early stages of well installation.
{"title":"EXTRAPOLING CPTU DATA IN OFFSHORE FIELDS","authors":"J. M. F. Melo, C. A. V. Várady Filho, J. P. L. Santos, F. Sawada, R. Dias, C. O. Souza","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Laying of the conductor casing is part of the early stages of well designs. Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTu) is a test used in situ to determine geotechnical properties and evaluate stratigraphy parameters, i.e. undrained shear strength and specific weight. This test generally obtains parameters up to a depth of approximately 40 meters. However, since conductor casing can reach up to 100 meters, it is necessary to estimate data outside the CPTu test domain during the design phase. This study involves analyzing methodologies to estimate geotechnical parameters of clayey soil at depths beyond known data domain. Applicability of these methods can help the decision-making process of a well design, accelerate the construction phase, and contribute to structural integrity. Results verify and describe the efficiency of the methods in estimating geotechnical parameters in the early stages of well installation.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88303759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Araújo, L. C. Batista, D. N. N. Silva, C. R. Lucas, P. T. P. Aum
Thermal recovery methods aim to reduce oil viscosity, thus, increasing its mobility and enhancing its recovery. Reservoir numerical simulation is a powerful tool for predicting reservoir production performance under different operational parameters. One critical point is understanding the relationship between flow rate and recovery factor. This study aims to analyze steam injection into the porous medium in heavy oil reservoirs by numerical simulation using a commercial multiphase flow simulator to simulate the continuous steam injection process. The homogeneous reservoir was built with 14,375 cells. The fluid model has characteristics of onshore Northeastern Brazilian fields. Simulations were performed over a period of 16 years, and results indicate that the steam injection promotes oil production anticipation but reaches a limit as the flow rate increases. The results presented can contribute to improve the understanding of the effects of flow rate in a heavy oil reservoir.
{"title":"STEAM INJECTION NUMERICAL ANALYSES IN HEAVY OIL RESERVOIRS","authors":"E. A. Araújo, L. C. Batista, D. N. N. Silva, C. R. Lucas, P. T. P. Aum","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal recovery methods aim to reduce oil viscosity, thus, increasing its mobility and enhancing its recovery. Reservoir numerical simulation is a powerful tool for predicting reservoir production performance under different operational parameters. One critical point is understanding the relationship between flow rate and recovery factor. This study aims to analyze steam injection into the porous medium in heavy oil reservoirs by numerical simulation using a commercial multiphase flow simulator to simulate the continuous steam injection process. The homogeneous reservoir was built with 14,375 cells. The fluid model has characteristics of onshore Northeastern Brazilian fields. Simulations were performed over a period of 16 years, and results indicate that the steam injection promotes oil production anticipation but reaches a limit as the flow rate increases. The results presented can contribute to improve the understanding of the effects of flow rate in a heavy oil reservoir.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Figueiredo, J. F. Sousa, M. Pedroza, M. Bezerra
The objective of this work is to produce and characterize bio-oil, char, and gases obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut husk using a laboratory reactor. In the experiments, the reactor rotated at 33.7 rpm, the reaction time was usually 30 min, and the biomass flow rate was 540 g h-1. A mass balance showed that the maximum yields of the phases were: bio-oil (18.1%), char (21.7%), gas (37.6%), obtained at 500 °C and 100 cm3 min-1 of the nitrogen carrier gas. The bio-oil was characterized for density, viscosity at 40 °C, pH, higher heating value, solid contents, and composition. The char was characterized for the contents of ash, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon, higher heating value, elemental analysis, and FTIR. The gases were analyzed by chromatography and consisted mostly of CO2 (39.45%), CO (30.64%), and H2 (24.07 v/v%).
这项工作的目的是利用实验室反应器生产和表征从椰子壳热解获得的生物油、炭和气体。实验中，反应器转速为33.7 rpm，反应时间通常为30 min，生物质流速为540 g h-1。质量平衡表明，在500°C和100 cm3 min-1的氮气载气条件下，各相的最大产率分别为生物油(18.1%)、炭(21.7%)和气(37.6%)。该生物油具有密度、40°C粘度、pH值、高热值、固体含量和组成等特点。通过灰分、水分、挥发物、固定碳的含量、较高的热值、元素分析和红外光谱对该炭进行了表征。经色谱分析，气体主要由CO2(39.45%)、CO(30.64%)和H2 (24.07 v/v%)组成。
{"title":"STRAIGHT PYROLYSIS OF COCONUT HUSK IN A ROTATING CYLINDER REACTOR AND PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION","authors":"A. L. Figueiredo, J. F. Sousa, M. Pedroza, M. Bezerra","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to produce and characterize bio-oil, char, and gases obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut husk using a laboratory reactor. In the experiments, the reactor rotated at 33.7 rpm, the reaction time was usually 30 min, and the biomass flow rate was 540 g h-1. A mass balance showed that the maximum yields of the phases were: bio-oil (18.1%), char (21.7%), gas (37.6%), obtained at 500 °C and 100 cm3 min-1 of the nitrogen carrier gas. The bio-oil was characterized for density, viscosity at 40 °C, pH, higher heating value, solid contents, and composition. The char was characterized for the contents of ash, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon, higher heating value, elemental analysis, and FTIR. The gases were analyzed by chromatography and consisted mostly of CO2 (39.45%), CO (30.64%), and H2 (24.07 v/v%).","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90392464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Rodríguez, M. C. Hernández, L. Castillo-Campos
This study evaluates an improved linseed-based calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. Initially, the linseed gel is extracted through a hydrolysis process for the formulation of seven inhibitors at different concentrations, with the addition of benzoic acid as a preservative and chelating agent. They are characterized together with the linseed gel, to subsequently determine the efficiency of the different products. Finally, an analysis of variance is carried out to check if the developed product showed similar behavior to the referential inhibitor. In the study, the 50% V/V inhibitor was the most efficient in a range between 38.04 and 89.57%. Likewise, it showed an inhibition efficacy with a notable difference in relation to the previously developed product, which verified the benzoic acid effect as a chelating additive, thus, preventing mineral precipitation. In this manner, the improved bioinhibitor was able to inhibit the calcium carbonate scale formation.
{"title":"ENHANCED CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALE INHIBITOR BASED ON LINSEED MUCILAGE","authors":"A. E. Rodríguez, M. C. Hernández, L. Castillo-Campos","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates an improved linseed-based calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. Initially, the linseed gel is extracted through a hydrolysis process for the formulation of seven inhibitors at different concentrations, with the addition of benzoic acid as a preservative and chelating agent. They are characterized together with the linseed gel, to subsequently determine the efficiency of the different products. Finally, an analysis of variance is carried out to check if the developed product showed similar behavior to the referential inhibitor. In the study, the 50% V/V inhibitor was the most efficient in a range between 38.04 and 89.57%. Likewise, it showed an inhibition efficacy with a notable difference in relation to the previously developed product, which verified the benzoic acid effect as a chelating additive, thus, preventing mineral precipitation. In this manner, the improved bioinhibitor was able to inhibit the calcium carbonate scale formation.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. V. L. Boing, A. Soares, B. M. Bazzo, D. F. Bettú, L. F. B. Oliveira, P. Soares
In deep-water reservoirs, predicting geometry of sedimentary bodies and distribution of facies become inefficient due to data limitations. Stratigraphic forward modelling (SFM) appears as an alternate geological modelling method. High uncertainty is related to definition of input parameters and calibration of the SFM models. This study assesses responses and respective sensitivities of models from the Morro do Chaves Formation (Sergipe/Alagoas Basin) by carrying out SFM multi-realizations. These assessments allow the evaluation and reduction of uncertainties to define input parameters capable of generating models more suitable to the data observed.
在深水油藏中，由于数据的限制，预测沉积体的几何形状和相分布的效率很低。地层正演模拟(SFM)是一种替代的地质模拟方法。高不确定性与输入参数的定义和SFM模型的校准有关。本研究通过进行SFM多实现，评估了Morro do Chaves组(Sergipe/Alagoas盆地)模型的响应和各自的灵敏度。这些评估允许评估和减少不确定性，以定义能够生成更适合观测数据的模型的输入参数。
{"title":"IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND INPUT PARAMETERS SELECTION FOR STRATIGRAPHIC FORWARD MODELLING (SFM)","authors":"J. V. L. Boing, A. Soares, B. M. Bazzo, D. F. Bettú, L. F. B. Oliveira, P. Soares","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"In deep-water reservoirs, predicting geometry of sedimentary bodies and distribution of facies become inefficient due to data limitations. Stratigraphic forward modelling (SFM) appears as an alternate geological modelling method. High uncertainty is related to definition of input parameters and calibration of the SFM models. This study assesses responses and respective sensitivities of models from the Morro do Chaves Formation (Sergipe/Alagoas Basin) by carrying out SFM multi-realizations. These assessments allow the evaluation and reduction of uncertainties to define input parameters capable of generating models more suitable to the data observed.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82696565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the oil and gas industry, the presence of cuttings during the well drilling stage creates a concerning problem known as erosion. The risks of catastrophic failure caused by erosion in hydraulic systems become even greater (e.g., choke line and MPD) when observing control and safety wells on drilling rigs. The geometric characteristics of the particles are important physical attributes, as they influence the wear mechanisms of the materials directly. Therefore, this work presents an analysis of the methodology used for determining the size and shape of particles. Initially, the collection of samples was obtained by Chute Riffling technique. The samples were tested using vibrating sieves for particle size analysis. The study uses computerized image analysis to determine the particle size distribution, as well as shape parameters. The application of both techniques demonstrates that the image analysis results were very similar to the sieving, even when a much smaller sub-sample is under analysis. The granulometric analysis of the diameter of the drill cuttings by the method of vibratory sieving showed a range of size ranging from 0.10 mm to 3.35 mm, and, by the image analysis, it showed a range of size going from 0.11mm to 4.2mm. The shape parameters of the majority of drill cuttings analyzed in the present work was classified as “high circularity” and “well-rounded.”
在石油和天然气行业，钻井阶段的岩屑产生了一个令人担忧的问题，即侵蚀。当观察到钻井平台上的控制井和安全井时，液压系统(例如节流管和MPD)腐蚀引起的灾难性故障的风险变得更大。颗粒的几何特性是重要的物理特性，直接影响材料的磨损机理。因此，这项工作提出了用于确定颗粒的大小和形状的方法的分析。最初，样品的收集是通过斜槽Riffling技术获得的。用振动筛对样品进行粒度分析。该研究使用计算机图像分析来确定颗粒大小分布以及形状参数。这两种技术的应用表明，图像分析结果非常类似于筛分，即使是在一个小得多的子样本进行分析。采用振动筛分法对钻屑粒径进行粒度分析，粒径范围为0.10 mm ~ 3.35 mm，图像分析显示粒径范围为0.11mm ~ 4.2mm。目前所分析的大部分钻屑的形状参数被归类为“高圆度”和“圆度”。
{"title":"TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING SIZE AND SHAPE OF DRILL CUTTINGS","authors":"J. C. Kern, G. Montagna, M. F. Borges","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"In the oil and gas industry, the presence of cuttings during the well drilling stage creates a concerning problem known as erosion. The risks of catastrophic failure caused by erosion in hydraulic systems become even greater (e.g., choke line and MPD) when observing control and safety wells on drilling rigs. The geometric characteristics of the particles are important physical attributes, as they influence the wear mechanisms of the materials directly. Therefore, this work presents an analysis of the methodology used for determining the size and shape of particles. Initially, the collection of samples was obtained by Chute Riffling technique. The samples were tested using vibrating sieves for particle size analysis. The study uses computerized image analysis to determine the particle size distribution, as well as shape parameters. The application of both techniques demonstrates that the image analysis results were very similar to the sieving, even when a much smaller sub-sample is under analysis. The granulometric analysis of the diameter of the drill cuttings by the method of vibratory sieving showed a range of size ranging from 0.10 mm to 3.35 mm, and, by the image analysis, it showed a range of size going from 0.11mm to 4.2mm. The shape parameters of the majority of drill cuttings analyzed in the present work was classified as “high circularity” and “well-rounded.”","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86863870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern drilling techniques involving horizontal well (HW) drilling for production of petroleum verify that the well is adequately planned prior to commencement of drilling or completion, especially in drilling of deep and ultra-deep water wells. Because of more rigorous and complex well geometries, planning ensures that drilling or/and completion engineers reach target depths in their respective operations. Equivalent circulation density (ECD) is one of the parameters that is monitored and controlled during well planning and drilling of wells. ECD, when properly managed, leads to successful drilling especially when working in areas of narrow mud-weight window. Poor management of ECD could result in severe problems during drilling such as loss of circulation and kicks. Mud column hydrostatic head and annular frictional pressure loss (AFPL) govern ECD. As such, several factors influence ECD viz: drill string (DS), well geometry, rheology of drilling fluid, and flow rates. Several literature studies have focused on fluid flow through annuli and pipes for AFPL computations. However, tool joint (TJ) effect in the estimation of pressure loss (PL) in annulus is either ignored or underestimated in several cases. The overall contribution of TJs effect on ECD is of great importance. In this paper, TJ effect on AFPL has been evaluated. Dimensional analysis and theoretical methods were utilized for model development that incorporates TJs effect for AFPL computation and, consequently, ECD prediction. AKUBU X12 well, a HW with measured depth (MD) of 11070ft from Niger delta was utilized as a case study. Mud of 8.6 ppg was utilized for the study with model simulation carried out using Matlab software (by Mathworks Inc.-version R2014B). Results show that as the rate of flow increases, TJs presence creates strong hydraulic resistance, which increases localized AFPL and ECD. Also, as the depth and rate of flow increases, the AFPL also increases, leading to an increase in ECD. Pipe rotation affects PL. Such increase in pipe rotation causes PL to either decrease or increase depending on shear thinning as well as inertial effect. Thus, for accurate prediction of ECD and wellbore pressure, TJ effects should be considered.
{"title":"INCORPORATING TOOL JOINT INFLUENCE ON MODEL FOR EQUIVALENT CIRCULATION DENSITY ESTIMATION IN HORIZONTAL WELL DRILLING","authors":"A. Kerunwa","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Modern drilling techniques involving horizontal well (HW) drilling for production of petroleum verify that the well is adequately planned prior to commencement of drilling or completion, especially in drilling of deep and ultra-deep water wells. Because of more rigorous and complex well geometries, planning ensures that drilling or/and completion engineers reach target depths in their respective operations. Equivalent circulation density (ECD) is one of the parameters that is monitored and controlled during well planning and drilling of wells. ECD, when properly managed, leads to successful drilling especially when working in areas of narrow mud-weight window. Poor management of ECD could result in severe problems during drilling such as loss of circulation and kicks. Mud column hydrostatic head and annular frictional pressure loss (AFPL) govern ECD. As such, several factors influence ECD viz: drill string (DS), well geometry, rheology of drilling fluid, and flow rates. Several literature studies have focused on fluid flow through annuli and pipes for AFPL computations. However, tool joint (TJ) effect in the estimation of pressure loss (PL) in annulus is either ignored or underestimated in several cases. The overall contribution of TJs effect on ECD is of great importance. In this paper, TJ effect on AFPL has been evaluated. Dimensional analysis and theoretical methods were utilized for model development that incorporates TJs effect for AFPL computation and, consequently, ECD prediction. AKUBU X12 well, a HW with measured depth (MD) of 11070ft from Niger delta was utilized as a case study. Mud of 8.6 ppg was utilized for the study with model simulation carried out using Matlab software (by Mathworks Inc.-version R2014B). Results show that as the rate of flow increases, TJs presence creates strong hydraulic resistance, which increases localized AFPL and ECD. Also, as the depth and rate of flow increases, the AFPL also increases, leading to an increase in ECD. Pipe rotation affects PL. Such increase in pipe rotation causes PL to either decrease or increase depending on shear thinning as well as inertial effect. Thus, for accurate prediction of ECD and wellbore pressure, TJ effects should be considered.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Lessa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, C. F. Silva, J. Ruiz, M. Pedroza, G. E. G. Vieira, M. Bezerra
Pyrolysis gases can be upgraded through CO2 adsorption. This work shows the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a 1 kg h−1 rotating cylinder reactor. Non-condensable gases passed through a fixed bed of 13X zeolite at 40 ◦C. Prior to processing actual pyrolysis gases, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the 13X was evaluated with synthetic CO2 in a magnetic suspension balance to estimate Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth isotherm parameters. Afterwards, a synthetic mixture with composition similar to that of sewage pyrolysis gases was tested in a bench-scale fixed-bed adsorption column to assess both the breakthrough curves for different adsorbent masses (10, 15, and 20 g) and the saturation time of the adsorbent. The dynamic adsorption in the column was modeled as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which was transformed into a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) via the Method of Lines and, then, solved using DASSL. The ODEs were used to estimate adsorption parameters such as coefficient of axial dispersion, effective diffusivity within the particle, and external coefficient of mass transfer. The synthetic gases were replaced with actual sewage sludge pyrolysis gases in the adsorption column with 13X. The breakthrough curves revealed a quick saturation of the bed by pyrolysis aerosols. Despite its short lifetime in comparison with synthetic gases, the 13X proved effective in adsorbing pyrolysis CO2.
{"title":"CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE PYROLYSIS GASES IN A FIXED BED OF 13X ZEOLITE","authors":"M. O. Lessa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, C. F. Silva, J. Ruiz, M. Pedroza, G. E. G. Vieira, M. Bezerra","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis gases can be upgraded through CO2 adsorption. This work shows the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a 1 kg h−1 rotating cylinder reactor. Non-condensable gases passed through a fixed bed of 13X zeolite at 40 ◦C. Prior to processing actual pyrolysis gases, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the 13X was evaluated with synthetic CO2 in a magnetic suspension balance to estimate Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth isotherm parameters. Afterwards, a synthetic mixture with composition similar to that of sewage pyrolysis gases was tested in a bench-scale fixed-bed adsorption column to assess both the breakthrough curves for different adsorbent masses (10, 15, and 20 g) and the saturation time of the adsorbent. The dynamic adsorption in the column was modeled as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which was transformed into a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) via the Method of Lines and, then, solved using DASSL. The ODEs were used to estimate adsorption parameters such as coefficient of axial dispersion, effective diffusivity within the particle, and external coefficient of mass transfer. The synthetic gases were replaced with actual sewage sludge pyrolysis gases in the adsorption column with 13X. The breakthrough curves revealed a quick saturation of the bed by pyrolysis aerosols. Despite its short lifetime in comparison with synthetic gases, the 13X proved effective in adsorbing pyrolysis CO2.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76485312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. P. Frutuoso e Melo, T. Gurova, S. Estefen, A. Leontiev
Flexible pipes have been used for decades for conveying produced fluids from oil wells to floating production, for storing and offloading units, and for flowing injection fluids inside wells under the seabed. Over the years, with an increase in oil demand globally, the exploration of new and deeper oil reservoirs has become a reality. With greater water depths, the top tension of the risers has increased significantly, as well as the pressure from the water column on the pipe structure, demanding the application of bigger pipes and the use of stronger materials. Pre-salt reservoirs on the Brazilian basins are rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are great contributors to the premature fragilization of armour wires on the top section of the flexible risers and are capable of compromising the integrity of the structure. The wire fragilization and possible breakages cannot be avoided once the riser is connected to the floating unit, but they can be monitored, to avoid a complete riser structural failure. Several systems have been developed to monitor tensile armour wires integrity, such as visual monitoring, which visually detects torsion on the structure, acoustic waves, and magnetic collar systems, which have failed to provide reliable results. As the armour wires provide axial resistance to the structures, Fiber Bragg grating is being used in modern flexibles to monitor armour wire deformation and has been delivering reliable results. Another method, the inverse magnetostriction, is being tested using an anisotropic magneto sensor to detect wire deformation and generate a 2D stress map of the measured area. In this article, two tests are performed using the same equipment, but in different specimen. One test was performed on the wires without being applied on the flexible structure. The other test was performed on a window opened on a 6” nominal bore flexible pipe, with the objective of identifying if the method is reliable in detecting armour wire failures on flexible risers. This method could read stresses variations on the armour wires, but a larger sensor could penetrate deeper on the structure and provide a sharper stress map.
{"title":"INTEGRITY ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PIPES TENSILE ARMOUR WIRES USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF INVERSE MAGNETOSTRICTION: A METHOD COMPARISON","authors":"E. P. Frutuoso e Melo, T. Gurova, S. Estefen, A. Leontiev","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible pipes have been used for decades for conveying produced fluids from oil wells to floating production, for storing and offloading units, and for flowing injection fluids inside wells under the seabed. Over the years, with an increase in oil demand globally, the exploration of new and deeper oil reservoirs has become a reality. With greater water depths, the top tension of the risers has increased significantly, as well as the pressure from the water column on the pipe structure, demanding the application of bigger pipes and the use of stronger materials. Pre-salt reservoirs on the Brazilian basins are rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are great contributors to the premature fragilization of armour wires on the top section of the flexible risers and are capable of compromising the integrity of the structure. The wire fragilization and possible breakages cannot be avoided once the riser is connected to the floating unit, but they can be monitored, to avoid a complete riser structural failure. Several systems have been developed to monitor tensile armour wires integrity, such as visual monitoring, which visually detects torsion on the structure, acoustic waves, and magnetic collar systems, which have failed to provide reliable results. As the armour wires provide axial resistance to the structures, Fiber Bragg grating is being used in modern flexibles to monitor armour wire deformation and has been delivering reliable results. Another method, the inverse magnetostriction, is being tested using an anisotropic magneto sensor to detect wire deformation and generate a 2D stress map of the measured area. In this article, two tests are performed using the same equipment, but in different specimen. One test was performed on the wires without being applied on the flexible structure. The other test was performed on a window opened on a 6” nominal bore flexible pipe, with the objective of identifying if the method is reliable in detecting armour wire failures on flexible risers. This method could read stresses variations on the armour wires, but a larger sensor could penetrate deeper on the structure and provide a sharper stress map.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80424199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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