Diego Oliveira Cordeiro, J. E. Silva, A. Oliveira, W. Batista, E. Neto
CaO is the most used heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reactions due to its high catalytic activity, low solubility in methanol, non-toxicity, and low cost. One of the greatest disadvantages of using CaO is its predisposition to react with H2O and CO2 present in the atmosphere forming Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the catalytic capacity of the catalyst derived from calcined chicken eggshells on different days after calcination. The catalyst used was produced under a temperature of 800 °C during a period of 160 minutes. The catalytic solid was characterized on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 15 after calcination by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller isotherm (BET); and Hammett analysis techniques. The reaction occurred at a temperature of 65 °C, had a molar ratio of 12:1 alcohol/oil, used 6% catalyst, and was carried over a period of 3 hours. The results showed that the rehydration and carbonation processes did not significantly affect the CaO.
CaO具有催化活性高、在甲醇中溶解度低、无毒、成本低等优点，是酯交换反应中应用最多的非均相催化剂。使用CaO的最大缺点之一是它容易与大气中的H2O和CO2反应，分别生成Ca(OH)2和CaCO3。因此，本研究的目的是研究从煅烧的鸡蛋壳中提取的催化剂在煅烧后不同天的催化性能。所使用的催化剂是在800℃的温度下，经过160分钟生产的。在焙烧后的第1、2、3、4、15天，用x射线荧光(XRF)、x射线衍射(XRD)对催化固体进行了表征;热重分析;透射电镜(TEM);Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller等温线;和哈米特分析技术。反应温度为65℃，醇油摩尔比为12:1，催化剂用量为6%，反应时间为3小时。结果表明，复水化和碳酸化过程对CaO的影响不显著。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CARBONATION AND REHYDRATION ON CAO DERIVED FROM CALCINING CHICKEN EGGSHELLS IN THE CATALYTIC PROCESS OF SOYBEAN OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION","authors":"Diego Oliveira Cordeiro, J. E. Silva, A. Oliveira, W. Batista, E. Neto","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"CaO is the most used heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reactions due to its high catalytic activity, low solubility in methanol, non-toxicity, and low cost. One of the greatest disadvantages of using CaO is its predisposition to react with H2O and CO2 present in the atmosphere forming Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the catalytic capacity of the catalyst derived from calcined chicken eggshells on different days after calcination. The catalyst used was produced under a temperature of 800 °C during a period of 160 minutes. The catalytic solid was characterized on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 15 after calcination by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller isotherm (BET); and Hammett analysis techniques. The reaction occurred at a temperature of 65 °C, had a molar ratio of 12:1 alcohol/oil, used 6% catalyst, and was carried over a period of 3 hours. The results showed that the rehydration and carbonation processes did not significantly affect the CaO.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73218310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. E. J. Trindade, S. Mattedi, G. Simonelli, L. C. Santos
The need to develop sustainable alternative energy resources becomes an imperative as conventional energy sources are depleted. Ionic liquids (ILs) have acquired notoriety in several applications because of their interesting characteristics, such as favoring solubilization in organic substances, and presenting low surface tension and volatility. Aprotic ionic liquids (AILs) are used commonly as catalysts in biodiesel production. To achieve good results, considerable amounts of these compounds must be used in the reaction, which may affect the feasibility of the process due to its high cost. In this context, protic ionic liquids (PILs) may represent a less expensive alternative to traditional catalysts. When examining the surfactant activity of the ILs, one can observe that low concentrations can be applied to improve the yield of the reaction. Therefore, this study evaluates the use of diethylenetriammonium hexanoate ([DETA][Hx]), a protic ionic liquid, as a co-solvent in the alkaline transesterification of soybean oil. The research presented satisfactory results, indicating that the use of small amounts of co-solvents enhances biodiesel yield in 8.14%, reaching around 96% with only 3% (w/w) of [DETA][Hx] in 60 minutes of reaction, meeting the specifications of European (EN 14214), American (ASTM D6751), and Brazilian (ANP 45/2014) standards.
{"title":"USE OF PROTIC IONIC LIQUID ([DETA][Hx]) AS CO-SOLVENT IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION","authors":"M. E. J. Trindade, S. Mattedi, G. Simonelli, L. C. Santos","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The need to develop sustainable alternative energy resources becomes an imperative as conventional energy sources are depleted. Ionic liquids (ILs) have acquired notoriety in several applications because of their interesting characteristics, such as favoring solubilization in organic substances, and presenting low surface tension and volatility. Aprotic ionic liquids (AILs) are used commonly as catalysts in biodiesel production. To achieve good results, considerable amounts of these compounds must be used in the reaction, which may affect the feasibility of the process due to its high cost. In this context, protic ionic liquids (PILs) may represent a less expensive alternative to traditional catalysts. When examining the surfactant activity of the ILs, one can observe that low concentrations can be applied to improve the yield of the reaction. Therefore, this study evaluates the use of diethylenetriammonium hexanoate ([DETA][Hx]), a protic ionic liquid, as a co-solvent in the alkaline transesterification of soybean oil. The research presented satisfactory results, indicating that the use of small amounts of co-solvents enhances biodiesel yield in 8.14%, reaching around 96% with only 3% (w/w) of [DETA][Hx] in 60 minutes of reaction, meeting the specifications of European (EN 14214), American (ASTM D6751), and Brazilian (ANP 45/2014) standards.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vitorino, L. F. Machado, T. V. Silva, J. P. N. Araújo, L. P. Gouveia, J. P. L. Santos
This work discusses the load criteria known as pressure test after waiting-on-cement (WOC) through a detailed explanation of the calculation methodology and study cases. Well casing design is an important step on hydrocarbon exploration planning. New methodologies in this subject allows improvement on well structural integrity combined with time and costs reductions. In routine procedures, design may consider pressure test after WOC, which is an essential operation for cementation failures verification. During test pumping, additional loads are applied to the casing and, when combined, they must be lower than tubular resistances to ensure no failure, avoiding catastrophic consequences. The computational tool CWELL is used for analyzing a production casing string set next to the reservoir, submitted to the pressure test after WOC. Investigating different grades and linear weights on API tubes verifies the achievement of well safety requirements. Results indicate the importance of performing integrated analyzes to guarantee wells stability.
{"title":"PRESSURE TEST AFTER WAIT ON CEMENT (WOC): ANALYSIS IN OIL WELL CASING DESIGN","authors":"A. Vitorino, L. F. Machado, T. V. Silva, J. P. N. Araújo, L. P. Gouveia, J. P. L. Santos","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0022","url":null,"abstract":"This work discusses the load criteria known as pressure test after waiting-on-cement (WOC) through a detailed explanation of the calculation methodology and study cases. Well casing design is an important step on hydrocarbon exploration planning. New methodologies in this subject allows improvement on well structural integrity combined with time and costs reductions. In routine procedures, design may consider pressure test after WOC, which is an essential operation for cementation failures verification. During test pumping, additional loads are applied to the casing and, when combined, they must be lower than tubular resistances to ensure no failure, avoiding catastrophic consequences. The computational tool CWELL is used for analyzing a production casing string set next to the reservoir, submitted to the pressure test after WOC. Investigating different grades and linear weights on API tubes verifies the achievement of well safety requirements. Results indicate the importance of performing integrated analyzes to guarantee wells stability.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dantas, V. C. Santanna, T. T. C. Souza, C. R. Lucas, A. Neto, P. T. P. Aum
Well stimulation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) plays an important role in oil production. Microemulsions and nanoemulsions fluids have been studied as a fluid to enhance the efficiency of these processes. In EOR, the chemical methods act on the alteration of physicochemical rock/fluid properties reducing the residual oil saturation and increasing the displacement of oil in the porous medium. Several authors have investigated the use of acid micro and nanoemulsions as systems of production enhancement. The study, under different conditions, indicated that acid nanoemulsion systems present a potential to be used as a retarded acid system, stimulating carbonate formation using a low concentration of surfactant and oil phase, offering an alternative fluid system to stimulate production in carbonate formations, especially in environmentally sensitive areas. Overall, this paper presents a review of laboratory studies of production improvements and enhanced oil recovery using microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems.
{"title":"MICROEMULSIONS AND NANOEMULSIONS APPLIED TO WELL STIMULATION AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)","authors":"T. Dantas, V. C. Santanna, T. T. C. Souza, C. R. Lucas, A. Neto, P. T. P. Aum","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Well stimulation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) plays an important role in oil production. Microemulsions and nanoemulsions fluids have been studied as a fluid to enhance the efficiency of these processes. In EOR, the chemical methods act on the alteration of physicochemical rock/fluid properties reducing the residual oil saturation and increasing the displacement of oil in the porous medium. Several authors have investigated the use of acid micro and nanoemulsions as systems of production enhancement. The study, under different conditions, indicated that acid nanoemulsion systems present a potential to be used as a retarded acid system, stimulating carbonate formation using a low concentration of surfactant and oil phase, offering an alternative fluid system to stimulate production in carbonate formations, especially in environmentally sensitive areas. Overall, this paper presents a review of laboratory studies of production improvements and enhanced oil recovery using microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73248065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent discoveries of retrograde gas fields in Brazilian deepwaters are more distant from the shore, and away from available infrastructure for processing gas. In this scenario, processing the gas offshore becomes an important challenge, equipping these fields to become viable producers. The present study aims to evaluate the economic motivation for this concept by comparing two scenarios of retrograde gas production. The scenarios consider processing the gas to sales based on: 1. Production offshore and gas export to a new built onshore processing plant, and 2. Production and treatment of the gas offshore. The second scenario considered three hydrocarbon dew point treatments: Joule-Thomson, Turboexpansion, and Refrigeration. The economic assessment used the software QUE$TOR®. Following the assessment, process simulations used ASPEN HYSYS® to perform the technical evaluation. The economic results were promising despite connected strongly to gas price. The simulation results indicated that the use of dew point treatments are viable but depend on feed gas composition.
{"title":"CASE STUDY: ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF RETROGRADE GAS PROCESSING ON OFFSHORE PLATFORMS","authors":"M. D. Souza, M. Cardoso","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Recent discoveries of retrograde gas fields in Brazilian deepwaters are more distant from the shore, and away from available infrastructure for processing gas. In this scenario, processing the gas offshore becomes an important challenge, equipping these fields to become viable producers. The present study aims to evaluate the economic motivation for this concept by comparing two scenarios of retrograde gas production. The scenarios consider processing the gas to sales based on: 1. Production offshore and gas export to a new built onshore processing plant, and 2. Production and treatment of the gas offshore. The second scenario considered three hydrocarbon dew point treatments: Joule-Thomson, Turboexpansion, and Refrigeration. The economic assessment used the software QUE$TOR®. Following the assessment, process simulations used ASPEN HYSYS® to perform the technical evaluation. The economic results were promising despite connected strongly to gas price. The simulation results indicated that the use of dew point treatments are viable but depend on feed gas composition.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91196013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The successful use of polymer-enhanced oil recovery observed in the last two decades is leading to effective field implementations. One of the reasons for such positive results in polymer flooding is the integration between laboratory-measured properties and reservoir simulation. Recent reports show that inaccessible pore volume (IAPV) plays a significant role in the apparent viscosity of random coil polymers, such as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). This paper assesses both direct and indirect impacts of IAPV on polymer flooding. This investigation relies on laboratory and field-scale simulations of polymer flooding using CMG-STARS. Simulation cases review the effects of IAPV on production indicators in direct and indirect forms. This study compares laboratory-scale simulations with experimental results and uses quality indicators to evaluate the history matching of both approaches. It relies on a modified benchmark field case to study both approaches in comparison to waterflooding and idealized polymer flooding. Results indicate that IAPV has a small direct impact on production curves. However, data show significant indirect implications of the IAPV on recovery. This effect occurs because the apparent viscosity of HPAM has a direct relationship with IAPV. Although the simulation results were consistent with current literature, the results obtained through the experiments indicate that the most realistic simulation case is achieved when considering the impact of IAPV on polymer viscosity.
{"title":"POLYMER APPARENT VISCOSITY DEPENDENCE ON INACCESSIBLE PORE VOLUME: LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF ITS INFLUENCE ON ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY","authors":"V. H. Ferreira, R. Moreno","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"The successful use of polymer-enhanced oil recovery observed in the last two decades is leading to effective field implementations. One of the reasons for such positive results in polymer flooding is the integration between laboratory-measured properties and reservoir simulation. Recent reports show that inaccessible pore volume (IAPV) plays a significant role in the apparent viscosity of random coil polymers, such as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). This paper assesses both direct and indirect impacts of IAPV on polymer flooding. This investigation relies on laboratory and field-scale simulations of polymer flooding using CMG-STARS. Simulation cases review the effects of IAPV on production indicators in direct and indirect forms. This study compares laboratory-scale simulations with experimental results and uses quality indicators to evaluate the history matching of both approaches. It relies on a modified benchmark field case to study both approaches in comparison to waterflooding and idealized polymer flooding. Results indicate that IAPV has a small direct impact on production curves. However, data show significant indirect implications of the IAPV on recovery. This effect occurs because the apparent viscosity of HPAM has a direct relationship with IAPV. Although the simulation results were consistent with current literature, the results obtained through the experiments indicate that the most realistic simulation case is achieved when considering the impact of IAPV on polymer viscosity.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90445950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Drexler, F. P. Souza, E. L. Correia, Thaís M. G. Silveira, P. Couto
Wettability is a fundamental property that defines the fluid’s distribution in oil reservoirs. Assessing wettability is required to model flow in porous media. Nevertheless, it involves complex intermolecular and surface forces. Contact angle measurement is a quantitative method to determine wettability. However, rock samples must be prepared to assure results representative of reservoir conditions. This work applies statistical analysis to investigate the relevance of variables involved in sample preparation (aging time, solvent used to remove the excess oil from the surface) and mineral type on the wettability of oil and brine from a Pre-Salt field on pure minerals. Since there is limited experimental wettability data at Pre-Salt conditions, this work aims to assist filling this gap. The results showed aging time and mineral type as the most important parameters for analysis. Furthermore, authors found that greater aging time in oil and point of zero charge of the mineral lead to a more oil-wet behavior.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE KEY PARAMETERS AFFECTING WETTABILITY OF A BRAZILIAN PRE-SALT CRUDE OIL AND BRINE ON PURE MINERALS THROUGH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Santiago Drexler, F. P. Souza, E. L. Correia, Thaís M. G. Silveira, P. Couto","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Wettability is a fundamental property that defines the fluid’s distribution in oil reservoirs. Assessing wettability is required to model flow in porous media. Nevertheless, it involves complex intermolecular and surface forces. Contact angle measurement is a quantitative method to determine wettability. However, rock samples must be prepared to assure results representative of reservoir conditions. This work applies statistical analysis to investigate the relevance of variables involved in sample preparation (aging time, solvent used to remove the excess oil from the surface) and mineral type on the wettability of oil and brine from a Pre-Salt field on pure minerals. Since there is limited experimental wettability data at Pre-Salt conditions, this work aims to assist filling this gap. The results showed aging time and mineral type as the most important parameters for analysis. Furthermore, authors found that greater aging time in oil and point of zero charge of the mineral lead to a more oil-wet behavior.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work evaluates the use of molecular sieve SBA-15 as adsorbent in oil removal process. The synthesis and characterization tests used X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), physical N2 adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), adsorption capacity in organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil), and Foster Swelling. Following, this work performed the evaluation of SBA-15 as adsorbent in the process of removing oil from a synthetic effluent, through the finite bath system (Batch adsorption). Finite bath system tests used a factorial 22 experimental design with three experiments at the central point. At that stage, two variables were evaluated: initial oil concentration (100, 300, and 500 mg /L) and mechanical agitation (100, 200, and 300 rpm). Through the experiments, it was possible to observe the following response variables: percentage of total removal (% Rem) and removal capacity in equilibrium (qeq). For comparison level, the experiments also evaluated response variables for the tests without mechanical agitation. Characterization techniques (DRX, EDX, SEM, Physical N2 Adsorption) presented results compatible with the characteristics presented by mesoporous materials. Foster Swell tests confirmed the affinity of SBA-15 molecular sieve with the organic solvents used: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. The testing system determined both finite bath oil removal percentage (% Rem) 97.04%, and removal capacity at equilibrium (qeq) of 48.58 mg /g, indicating that the use of SBA-15 molecular sieve is a viable option in the oil removal process.
{"title":"SBA-15 MOLECULAR SIEVE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION IN OIL/WATER SEPARATION","authors":"J. R. Jovelino, J. J. Rodrigues, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates the use of molecular sieve SBA-15 as adsorbent in oil removal process. The synthesis and characterization tests used X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), physical N2 adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), adsorption capacity in organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil), and Foster Swelling. Following, this work performed the evaluation of SBA-15 as adsorbent in the process of removing oil from a synthetic effluent, through the finite bath system (Batch adsorption). Finite bath system tests used a factorial 22 experimental design with three experiments at the central point. At that stage, two variables were evaluated: initial oil concentration (100, 300, and 500 mg /L) and mechanical agitation (100, 200, and 300 rpm). Through the experiments, it was possible to observe the following response variables: percentage of total removal (% Rem) and removal capacity in equilibrium (qeq). For comparison level, the experiments also evaluated response variables for the tests without mechanical agitation. Characterization techniques (DRX, EDX, SEM, Physical N2 Adsorption) presented results compatible with the characteristics presented by mesoporous materials. Foster Swell tests confirmed the affinity of SBA-15 molecular sieve with the organic solvents used: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. The testing system determined both finite bath oil removal percentage (% Rem) 97.04%, and removal capacity at equilibrium (qeq) of 48.58 mg /g, indicating that the use of SBA-15 molecular sieve is a viable option in the oil removal process.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80671410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis processes using simple compounds become attractive as they offer alternative routes for fuel production. Cobalt-based catalysts have wide applicability in the Fischer Tropsch process. This work aims to evaluate the catalyst Co/Ru/SBA-15 in the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst was prepared with the molecular sieve SBA-15 synthesized using the hydrothermal method with rice husk ashes, treated by heat and chemical processes, as silica source; and incorporating, simultaneously, metals by wet impregnation of molar ratio 100Co/5Ru/139SiO2. The catalyst was submitted to heat treatment under nitrogen and synthetic air flow. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis was carried out in a slurry bed reactor operating at 240oC, 10 atm, and H2:CO molar ratio raging between 1 and 2. The SBA-15 and the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction- XRD, X-ray energy dispersion- EDX, and nitrogen adsorption. The SBA-15 was characterized using scanning electron microscopy- SEM, and the catalyst was characterized by temperature programmed reduction - TPR and transmission electron microscopy - TEM. SBA-15 showed typical morphology traces of mesoporous materials with a small specific area of 627 m2/g. The catalyst presented the pre-defined composition, maintaining the structure, but with area reduction after impregnation (339 m2/g). The ranges of temperature reduction typical of iron oxides phases were found using RTP results. The catalyst showed high conversion to liquid hydrocarbons C5+ (88.20%) in the molar ratio H2/CO of 1:1.
{"title":"Co/Ru/SBA-15 CATALYSTS SYNTHESIZED WITH RICE HUSK ASHES AS SILICA SOURCE APPLIED IN THE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS","authors":"J. J. Rodrigues, F. Fernandes, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis processes using simple compounds become attractive as they offer alternative routes for fuel production. Cobalt-based catalysts have wide applicability in the Fischer Tropsch process. This work aims to evaluate the catalyst Co/Ru/SBA-15 in the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst was prepared with the molecular sieve SBA-15 synthesized using the hydrothermal method with rice husk ashes, treated by heat and chemical processes, as silica source; and incorporating, simultaneously, metals by wet impregnation of molar ratio 100Co/5Ru/139SiO2. The catalyst was submitted to heat treatment under nitrogen and synthetic air flow. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis was carried out in a slurry bed reactor operating at 240oC, 10 atm, and H2:CO molar ratio raging between 1 and 2. The SBA-15 and the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction- XRD, X-ray energy dispersion- EDX, and nitrogen adsorption. The SBA-15 was characterized using scanning electron microscopy- SEM, and the catalyst was characterized by temperature programmed reduction - TPR and transmission electron microscopy - TEM. SBA-15 showed typical morphology traces of mesoporous materials with a small specific area of 627 m2/g. The catalyst presented the pre-defined composition, maintaining the structure, but with area reduction after impregnation (339 m2/g). The ranges of temperature reduction typical of iron oxides phases were found using RTP results. The catalyst showed high conversion to liquid hydrocarbons C5+ (88.20%) in the molar ratio H2/CO of 1:1.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89209432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. N. Ferreira, J. G. O. Marinho, L. M. T. D. Oliveira
Produced water is one of the greatest concerns in oil industry due to the quantities of this effluent produced and the negative environmental impacts that it can cause. Based on these considerations and on the difficulty in removing emulsified oil in water, the study of methods to treat this effluent becomes of great relevance. The use of computational fluid dynamics is an alternative to solve this problem for the economical and time advantages it presents, and the possibility of achieving reliable results. This paper studies the use of a coalescer bed to treat oil/water mixture behavior. Results of droplets distribution, size, oil flow, and fluid dynamics equipment behaviour are analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"COALESCER BED MODELING TO MIXTURE OIL/WATER: TREATMENT USING ANSYS CFX","authors":"D. N. Ferreira, J. G. O. Marinho, L. M. T. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Produced water is one of the greatest concerns in oil industry due to the quantities of this effluent produced and the negative environmental impacts that it can cause. Based on these considerations and on the difficulty in removing emulsified oil in water, the study of methods to treat this effluent becomes of great relevance. The use of computational fluid dynamics is an alternative to solve this problem for the economical and time advantages it presents, and the possibility of achieving reliable results. This paper studies the use of a coalescer bed to treat oil/water mixture behavior. Results of droplets distribution, size, oil flow, and fluid dynamics equipment behaviour are analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85874836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：