Natural gas distribution systems traditionally rely on the use of carbon steel pipes. As with the engineering of other mechanical components, specific standards for the design of these components and accessories must be applied appropriately for each corresponding project. For the specific case of transmission networks and distribution of piped natural gas, one should use as reference the Brazilian code NBR-12712 Systems design of fuel gas transmission and distribution. Among the various items covered by this code, the sub-item that provides guidelines to calculate the minimum thickness of the pipe for a given design pressure deserves special attention. The present work, therefore, makes a comparative analysis between the wall thicknesses defined by the mentioned standard, the wall thicknesses used in certain operational situations, and the wall thicknesses corresponding to the limit yield and plasticization conditions of the material considered. The present study also reviews the operational data of the COMPAGAS distribution network the company responsible for the distribution of piped natural gas in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION TUBES FOCUSING ON LOCATED PLASTICIZATION","authors":"J. Almeida, G. Weigert","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas distribution systems traditionally rely on the use of carbon steel pipes. As with the engineering of other mechanical components, specific standards for the design of these components and accessories must be applied appropriately for each corresponding project. For the specific case of transmission networks and distribution of piped natural gas, one should use as reference the Brazilian code NBR-12712 Systems design of fuel gas transmission and distribution. Among the various items covered by this code, the sub-item that provides guidelines to calculate the minimum thickness of the pipe for a given design pressure deserves special attention. The present work, therefore, makes a comparative analysis between the wall thicknesses defined by the mentioned standard, the wall thicknesses used in certain operational situations, and the wall thicknesses corresponding to the limit yield and plasticization conditions of the material considered. The present study also reviews the operational data of the COMPAGAS distribution network the company responsible for the distribution of piped natural gas in the state of Paraná, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"2014 1","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Venturi valve represents a significant advance in the technology of artificial lift by gas lift. Understanding theoretical and practical aspects related to the use of the valve is fundamental to maximize the benefits of its application. This review article presents the concepts involved in that innovation, discusses advantages and limitations of that technology, provides means to perform gas flow rate calculations, and describes practical aspects that must be observed for a good performance of the valve.
{"title":"VENTURI GAS LIFT VALVE: THEORY AND PRACTICE","authors":"A. R. Almeida","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"The Venturi valve represents a significant advance in the technology of artificial lift by gas lift. Understanding theoretical and practical aspects related to the use of the valve is fundamental to maximize the benefits of its application. This review article presents the concepts involved in that innovation, discusses advantages and limitations of that technology, provides means to perform gas flow rate calculations, and describes practical aspects that must be observed for a good performance of the valve.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"17 1","pages":"183-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82249809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. N. Lucci, W. Lamas, F. J. Grandinetti, G. Giacaglia
This work presents the use of a finite element model software and suggests its use as a tool to develop metal-to-metal seals with the objective of reducing the number of designs and empirical tests, increasing possibility of success during validation tests, decreasing the number of repetitions of real tests needed, therefore, reducing execution costs. The present work configures a model of seal in a finite element analysis software and simulates different sizes of meshes to evaluate which configuration presented results and computational costs compatible with this work. Then, it develops different models in an interactive way, this is, it performs geometry changes with the intention of optimizing results. At the end of each model, it evaluates the results. This work develops and evaluates six models. At last, the authors selected the model which presented enough contact pressure to perform the sealing. This model presented a compatible stress in accordance with the failure criteria adopted, plastic strain in an acceptable range, and system behavior in accordance with that suggested by Sweeney, Brammer, and Chalmers (2004) in seal extremities.
这项工作介绍了有限元模型软件的使用，并建议将其用作开发金属对金属密封的工具，目的是减少设计和经验测试的数量，增加验证测试期间成功的可能性，减少所需实际测试的重复次数，从而降低执行成本。本研究在有限元分析软件中配置了一个密封模型，并模拟了不同尺寸的网格，以评估哪种配置呈现的结果和计算成本与该工作兼容。然后，它以交互的方式开发不同的模型，即以优化结果为目的进行几何变化。在每个模型结束时，对结果进行评估。这项工作开发和评估了六个模型。最后选择了具有足够接触压力的模型进行密封。该模型给出了符合所采用的破坏准则的相容应力，可接受范围内的塑性应变，以及符合Sweeney, Brammer, and Chalmers(2004)在密封端部提出的系统行为。
{"title":"FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS APPLIED TO A METAL-TO-METAL SEAL DESIGN","authors":"B. N. Lucci, W. Lamas, F. J. Grandinetti, G. Giacaglia","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the use of a finite element model software and suggests its use as a tool to develop metal-to-metal seals with the objective of reducing the number of designs and empirical tests, increasing possibility of success during validation tests, decreasing the number of repetitions of real tests needed, therefore, reducing execution costs. The present work configures a model of seal in a finite element analysis software and simulates different sizes of meshes to evaluate which configuration presented results and computational costs compatible with this work. Then, it develops different models in an interactive way, this is, it performs geometry changes with the intention of optimizing results. At the end of each model, it evaluates the results. This work develops and evaluates six models. At last, the authors selected the model which presented enough contact pressure to perform the sealing. This model presented a compatible stress in accordance with the failure criteria adopted, plastic strain in an acceptable range, and system behavior in accordance with that suggested by Sweeney, Brammer, and Chalmers (2004) in seal extremities.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"60 1","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79178506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Carvalho, D. Galindo, M. S. C. Tenório, J. G. O. Marinho
The fluids produced and transported to the surface by the production manifolds do not have the necessary conditions to be economically viable. Produced fluids consist of at least three fluid phases (oil, water, and gas), besides impurities and contaminants. Therefore, the well stream should be processed as soon as possible after bringing it to the surface. Separator vessels are among the main equipment used at surface production facilities, being responsible for the separation of the produced phases. This work focuses in studying the fluid dynamic behavior in a horizontal three-phase separator. For this, we used the computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS CFX. First, a detailed analysis of a “Standard Case” was performed to better understand the entire separation process within the vessel. The results showed the three phases through simulation time, an analysis of the separation efficiency, an analysis of the different fluids flow lines, an analysis of the pressure gradient inside the vessel, and an analysis of the effect of the diverter baffle, as well as, a variation of fluid flow at the inlet of the separator.
{"title":"MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A HORIZONTAL THREE-PHASE SEPARATOR: INFLUENCE OF INLET FLOW","authors":"A. Carvalho, D. Galindo, M. S. C. Tenório, J. G. O. Marinho","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The fluids produced and transported to the surface by the production manifolds do not have the necessary conditions to be economically viable. Produced fluids consist of at least three fluid phases (oil, water, and gas), besides impurities and contaminants. Therefore, the well stream should be processed as soon as possible after bringing it to the surface. Separator vessels are among the main equipment used at surface production facilities, being responsible for the separation of the produced phases. This work focuses in studying the fluid dynamic behavior in a horizontal three-phase separator. For this, we used the computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS CFX. First, a detailed analysis of a “Standard Case” was performed to better understand the entire separation process within the vessel. The results showed the three phases through simulation time, an analysis of the separation efficiency, an analysis of the different fluids flow lines, an analysis of the pressure gradient inside the vessel, and an analysis of the effect of the diverter baffle, as well as, a variation of fluid flow at the inlet of the separator.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"7 1","pages":"137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80912817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Silva, C. V. Filho, J. P. L. Santos, E. T. L. Junior, R. Dias, F. Cutrim
In top hole designs, geotechnical characterization is fundamental in the study of the axial load capacity of the soil and its implications on the design of the conductor casing. The present work estimates soil parameters from CPTu (piezocone penetration test) data using geostatistical methods, with evaluation of trends, variograms, and kriging. Results suggest that universal and residual kriging are good tools for soil characterization in top hole section design, considering their capacity to support spatiality of the phenomenon and the mapping of the uncertainties involved.
{"title":"APLICATION OF KRIGING WITH TREND TO SOIL CHARACTERIZATION IN TOP HOLE DESIGN","authors":"P. Silva, C. V. Filho, J. P. L. Santos, E. T. L. Junior, R. Dias, F. Cutrim","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"In top hole designs, geotechnical characterization is fundamental in the study of the axial load capacity of the soil and its implications on the design of the conductor casing. The present work estimates soil parameters from CPTu (piezocone penetration test) data using geostatistical methods, with evaluation of trends, variograms, and kriging. Results suggest that universal and residual kriging are good tools for soil characterization in top hole section design, considering their capacity to support spatiality of the phenomenon and the mapping of the uncertainties involved.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"43 1","pages":"093-099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85525679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Souza, M. N. Silva, Y. A. Moura, C. Borba, João Paulo Lobo dos Santos
The oil industry has been investing heavily in studies focused on secondary recovery methods. In this context, water injection represents one of the leading methods used to obtain an increase in recovery factor. Studies to determine geomechanical parameters of rocks through the application of Zoback's equations (Zoback, 2007) using only well logging data are sparse. This work studies the variations of the in-situ stress state around the injector well in a reservoir through the application Zoback’s equations aiming to identify the maximum injection pressure limit to prevent rock fracturing. For the study, the in-situ stresses of the rock were determined using well log data acquired from drillings in a basing located in the Brazilian northeast. The study also considers the Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion in the determination of the safe region. The results obtained by Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion were validated with the absorption pressure values obtained with direct data of Leak Off Test (LOT) done in the wells. From the results obtained, it was possible to verify that the calculated values overestimated rupture pressures presenting an average relative error of 7.87%. Furthermore, the stress regime obtained for the Sergipe-Alagoas basin is agreement with other studies found in the literature.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE STRESS STATE AROUND BOREHOLES USING WELL LOG DATA: A CASE STUDY IN THE SERGIPE-ALAGOAS BASIN, BRAZIL","authors":"I. S. Souza, M. N. Silva, Y. A. Moura, C. Borba, João Paulo Lobo dos Santos","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The oil industry has been investing heavily in studies focused on secondary recovery methods. In this context, water injection represents one of the leading methods used to obtain an increase in recovery factor. Studies to determine geomechanical parameters of rocks through the application of Zoback's equations (Zoback, 2007) using only well logging data are sparse. This work studies the variations of the in-situ stress state around the injector well in a reservoir through the application Zoback’s equations aiming to identify the maximum injection pressure limit to prevent rock fracturing. For the study, the in-situ stresses of the rock were determined using well log data acquired from drillings in a basing located in the Brazilian northeast. The study also considers the Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion in the determination of the safe region. The results obtained by Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion were validated with the absorption pressure values obtained with direct data of Leak Off Test (LOT) done in the wells. From the results obtained, it was possible to verify that the calculated values overestimated rupture pressures presenting an average relative error of 7.87%. Furthermore, the stress regime obtained for the Sergipe-Alagoas basin is agreement with other studies found in the literature.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"10 1","pages":"079-091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86742872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Directional drilling is a costly method used in drilling operations, as it requires investments in special tools such as downhole motor and rotary steerable system (RSS). This paper performs a comparative study between the penetration rates achieved when using downhole motor and RSS tools. To make the study feasible, the drilling of the 8 ¾ in diameter phase of an onshore directional hole, comprised between 197 m and 957 m, was analyzed using the equipment referenced. The average penetration rates and the costs generated by each one of them were calculated as a function of the total operating time. Considering these parameters, we found that the use of downhole motor was more advantageous than using the rotary steerable system because, despite its longer operating time, it presented much lower costs.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PENETRATION RATES USING DOWNHOLE MOTOR AND ROTARY STEERABLE SYSTEM IN AN ONSHORE DIRECTIONAL HOLE","authors":"A. Sousa, L. V. Amorim, R. C. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Directional drilling is a costly method used in drilling operations, as it requires investments in special tools such as downhole motor and rotary steerable system (RSS). This paper performs a comparative study between the penetration rates achieved when using downhole motor and RSS tools. To make the study feasible, the drilling of the 8 ¾ in diameter phase of an onshore directional hole, comprised between 197 m and 957 m, was analyzed using the equipment referenced. The average penetration rates and the costs generated by each one of them were calculated as a function of the total operating time. Considering these parameters, we found that the use of downhole motor was more advantageous than using the rotary steerable system because, despite its longer operating time, it presented much lower costs.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"35 1","pages":"045-054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petroleum is one of the top commodities in the world, which produces some of the most environmentally hazardous wastes, such as produced water. Thus, research on technologies capable of processing wastewater are important for promoting the treatment of this waste and reducing costs in the segment. Among the processes used to treat wastewater, flotation is one of the leading methods used in physical separation operations. The efficiency of this technique has a high influence on internal hydrodynamic flows. This paper proposes a mathematical modeling to fluid dynamics of oil-water separation in an airlift flotation column based on momentum and continuity balance equations. To simplify the modeling used, we considered only the drag force as the most relevant interfacial force in this phenomenon. The software Ansys CFX 13.0 was used to evaluate the data. Three columns were created, and all data were submitted to a simulated effluent, containing 1000 ppm of oil. By evaluating efficiency selection in three columns and observing the countercurrent design, we found 84.72% as the best result achieved. This result can be associated with a column model that allows better phase contact as an ideal turbulence in the recirculation zone. Despite the simplifications in the proposed model, it is possible to observe a good association between the results obtained in the simulations and the ones presented in the literature.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF AN AIRLIFT FLOTATION COLUMN WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES FOR WATER AND OIL SEPARATION","authors":"D. Barros, J. G. O. Marinho, J. Soletti","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum is one of the top commodities in the world, which produces some of the most environmentally hazardous wastes, such as produced water. Thus, research on technologies capable of processing wastewater are important for promoting the treatment of this waste and reducing costs in the segment. Among the processes used to treat wastewater, flotation is one of the leading methods used in physical separation operations. The efficiency of this technique has a high influence on internal hydrodynamic flows. This paper proposes a mathematical modeling to fluid dynamics of oil-water separation in an airlift flotation column based on momentum and continuity balance equations. To simplify the modeling used, we considered only the drag force as the most relevant interfacial force in this phenomenon. The software Ansys CFX 13.0 was used to evaluate the data. Three columns were created, and all data were submitted to a simulated effluent, containing 1000 ppm of oil. By evaluating efficiency selection in three columns and observing the countercurrent design, we found 84.72% as the best result achieved. This result can be associated with a column model that allows better phase contact as an ideal turbulence in the recirculation zone. Despite the simplifications in the proposed model, it is possible to observe a good association between the results obtained in the simulations and the ones presented in the literature.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"20 1","pages":"055-064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typically, hydrocarbon reservoirs have heterogeneities that influence pressure variation in producing wells. In the case of natural fractures, the layer model has been widely applied to obtain analytical and numerical solutions. In this model, we superimpose the porous media layers representing the porous matrix and fractures. In this work, the layer model is used in the numerical simulation, using cylindrical geometry and finite differences, to determine the pressure in natural gas producing wells. We consider shale gas reservoirs, and obtain the numerical results investigating the effects resulting from the presence of fractures and non-Darcy flow due to slip and adsorption phenomena. This work studies grid refinement and performs numerical verification, as well as a sensitivity analysis varying the main physical parameters that directly influence the reservoir and well pressures, such as permeability, porosity, and thickness of the fracture, reservoir temperature, and the Langmuir pressure and volume. As expected, from specialized and diagnostic plots, we can visualize how fractures favor the flow while capturing typical flow regimes of fractured reservoirs described in the literature.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NATURALLY FRACTURED SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS APPLYING THE LAYER MODEL","authors":"J. Junior, R. Queiroz, G. Souza, H. P. A. Souto","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Typically, hydrocarbon reservoirs have heterogeneities that influence pressure variation in producing wells. In the case of natural fractures, the layer model has been widely applied to obtain analytical and numerical solutions. In this model, we superimpose the porous media layers representing the porous matrix and fractures. In this work, the layer model is used in the numerical simulation, using cylindrical geometry and finite differences, to determine the pressure in natural gas producing wells. We consider shale gas reservoirs, and obtain the numerical results investigating the effects resulting from the presence of fractures and non-Darcy flow due to slip and adsorption phenomena. This work studies grid refinement and performs numerical verification, as well as a sensitivity analysis varying the main physical parameters that directly influence the reservoir and well pressures, such as permeability, porosity, and thickness of the fracture, reservoir temperature, and the Langmuir pressure and volume. As expected, from specialized and diagnostic plots, we can visualize how fractures favor the flow while capturing typical flow regimes of fractured reservoirs described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83761384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commercial lipase Novozym 435 was used to catalyse the transesterification of a mixture of waste cooking oil and soybean oil with methanol. A central composite experimental design was performed to analyze the effects of lipase dosage, waste cooking oil content in the mixture, and reaction time on the methyl ester yield. Lipase dosage and waste cooking oil content were the most significant variables after statistical analysis. The highest yield, 98.04%, was obtained using 12.5% of lipase, a mixture containing 50% of waste cooking oil after 10 h of reaction. The lipase was reutilized and showed a good operational stability since the yield was reduced by 6% even after five batches. Two kinetic models, Power Law and Eley-Rideal, were used to model the production process and correlate the experimental results.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE KINETICS OF A LIPASE CATALYSED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM A MIXTURE OF WASTE COOKING OIL AND SOYBEAN OIL","authors":"C. Neves, A. Brígida, L. Lucchetti, M. Mendes","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial lipase Novozym 435 was used to catalyse the transesterification of a mixture of waste cooking oil and soybean oil with methanol. A central composite experimental design was performed to analyze the effects of lipase dosage, waste cooking oil content in the mixture, and reaction time on the methyl ester yield. Lipase dosage and waste cooking oil content were the most significant variables after statistical analysis. The highest yield, 98.04%, was obtained using 12.5% of lipase, a mixture containing 50% of waste cooking oil after 10 h of reaction. The lipase was reutilized and showed a good operational stability since the yield was reduced by 6% even after five batches. Two kinetic models, Power Law and Eley-Rideal, were used to model the production process and correlate the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"19 1","pages":"065-078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81267442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：