EcoMat最新文献

Dynamic covalent epoxy resins integrate the merits of thermoplastics and thermosets, enabling reprocessability while maintaining covalent crosslinking. However, achieving simultaneous shape memory, intrinsic flame retardancy, and antibacterial properties in biomass-derived epoxy resins remains a significant challenge. Inspired by mussel byssus, we developed a supramolecular strategy to construct cardanol-based epoxy resins incorporating adaptive phosphate networks and robust dynamic noncovalent interactions. The synergistic effects of supramolecular interactions and entropy-driven dynamics enabled by functional group engineering endowed the material with shape memory (R_f = 99%, R_r = 80%), self-healing, and reprocessability. The conjugated π-bond system of benzene rings, phenolic hydroxyl radical scavenging, and dynamic phosphate ester carbonization collectively enhanced flame retardancy. The resins achieved a limiting oxygen index of 30.3% and V0 rating under UL-94 standards. Furthermore, the synergistic antibacterial activity of phenolic polyphenols and phosphate esters resulted in 100% antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus. This mussel-inspired supramolecular design establishes a sustainable platform for next-generation epoxy resins, offering multifunctional performance critical for medical and food packaging applications under stringent flame retardancy and antibacterial requirements.

The convergence of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials and additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative frontier in materials science and advanced fabrication techniques. This review systematically examines the integration of 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes, with 3D printing technologies, highlighting their synergistic potential in functional applications. We assessed the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials that render them ideal for engineered inks, along with key three-dimensional (3D) printing approaches (inkjet, extrusion, and stereolithography) optimized for processing these nanomaterials. Critical challenges in ink design, including rheological control, interfacial engineering, and parameter optimization, were analyzed to bridge synthesis strategies with scalable fabrication. State-of-the-art applications in energy storage, flexible electronics, sensing, and high-performance composites have demonstrated the versatility of 3D-printed 2D architectures. Emerging opportunities in multimaterial printing, algorithmic-driven manufacturing, and sustainable production are outlined to address the current limitations in resolution, scalability, and functional integration. By integrating the progress and prospects across disciplines, this review provides a roadmap for the advancement of 2D material-enabled 3D printing in next-generation technologies.

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of recent advances in thermoelectric (TE) materials based on conjugated polymers (CPs), emphasizing strategies aimed at enhancing their performance for energy harvesting applications. CP-based TE materials have garnered significant interest due to their inherently low thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, lightweight nature, and the easy tunability of molecular structures. Despite these advantages, their commercialization remains limited by challenges such as modest TE performance and insufficient long-term stability. This review explores key progress in molecular design, structural engineering, and doping strategies that have led to notable improvements in critical parameters such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor, collectively enhancing the TE figure of merit (ZT). In addition, the article traces the historical development of CP-based flexible TE generators for wearable and portable electronics, underscoring the importance of bridging the gap between material TE properties, mechanical properties, and device realization.

A triclinic zinc molybdate (α-ZnMoO₄) cathode was developed via the pyrolysis of Zn–Mo bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial intermediates for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). After high-temperature pyrolysis, the MOF-derived single-phase α-ZnMoO₄ consists of particles approximately 4 μm in size. Notably, the structure of MOFderived α-ZnMoO₄ transitions into a preferred α-ZnMoO₄·0.8H₂O phase with expanded lattice spacing during the initial discharge process, facilitating efficient Zn²⁺ intercalation/deintercalation. This hydrated structure remains stable throughout cycling, contributing to its excellent electrochemical performance. The cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 380 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.05 A g⁻¹ and retains 95% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 0.2 A g⁻¹. Electrochemical and structural analyses reveal that the synergistic effects of phase transformation, oxygen vacancies, and water-mediated lattice lubrication contribute to the superior cycling stability and Zn²⁺ storage kinetics of the material. These findings highlight the potential of MOF-derived oxide cathodes and provide a strategic pathway for designing advanced materials for next-generation AZIBs.

Photo-assisted rechargeable batteries are an emerging class of bifunctional devices capable of harvesting solar energy and storing it as electrochemical energy. This dual functionality holds particular promise for powering remote electronic systems autonomously, thereby reducing reliance on traditional power infrastructure. Among various approaches, photo-assisted zinc-based batteries offer a compelling solution for mitigating the intermittency of solar energy through direct solar-to-chemical energy conversion and storage. In this study, we present an efficient photo-assisted zinc–iodine aqueous battery by integrating perovskite-based photoelectrode. A key innovation lies in the application of a conductive, carbon-based waterproof layer onto the otherwise moisture-sensitive perovskite film, enabling stable operation of the photoelectrode in aqueous electrolyte for over a week. The successful demonstration of this proof-of-concept device highlights a promising pathway toward the development of practical, durable, and efficient photo-rechargeable battery technologies.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising strategy for green hydrogen (H₂) production with the potential to address global clean energy and associated environmental challenges. Due to the remarkable ability to capture broad-range light, high absorption coefficient, and the possibility of multi-exciton generation, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are considered key building blocks for developing high-performing solar-driven H₂ production technologies. This review provides a concise overview of the recent developments in eco-friendly QDs-based PEC H₂ production. It outlines various methods for synthesizing eco-friendly QDs and provides a detailed discussion on the structural engineering of eco-friendly QDs and how the different strategies impact the structure–property relationships. Furthermore, the effect of optimizing charge dynamics and band structures on the performance of eco-friendly QDs-based PEC systems is discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of this field are examined to realize their cost-effective potential and enter large-scale deployment for solar-driven H₂ production.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are highly advantageous for electric vehicles and portable electronics due to their high energy density. However, traditional metal foil current collectors pose many challenges in LSBs. On the anode side, the non-lithiophilic nature of copper foil leads to random lithium dendrite growth, increasing the risk of short circuits. On the cathode side, the electrochemical inertness and limited interfacial contact of aluminum foil cause slow polysulfide conversion under high sulfur loading, thus restricting cycling stability. Meanwhile, these heavy metal foils also reduce the overall energy density of the battery. Herein, we present an effective strategy to develop thin and lightweight 3D metallized current collectors (Ag@PEI-PP and Ni@PEI-PP) with functional interfaces for high-energy-density LSBs. These metallic collectors are made by cold-pressing polypropylene melt-blown fabrics and then applying metal coatings using a polymer-assisted deposition process. Compared to metal foil collectors, they possess an extremely light mass and excellent flexibility. The Ag@PEI-PP boosts the average Coulombic efficiency of lithium metal to 99.88% during cycling by enabling rapid lithium nucleation and uniform deposition. The Ni@PEI-PP maintains a high capacity retention rate of 99.88% per cycle over 200 cycles by speeding up the conversion of polysulfide and lithium sulfide. Based on the entire Li-S cell, including the current collector, active materials, and separator, the assembled LSB achieves high gravimetric (586 Wh kg⁻¹) and volumetric (472 Wh L⁻¹) energy densities. This metallic collector design provides an effective solution to improve the energy density and cycling stability of LSBs.

Wood is a green, renewable, and biodegradable polymer material, mainly used in fields such as artificial boards, papermaking, and biomass energy. However, its poor flammability and dimensional stability limit its application. Generally, surface treatment is required to achieve the substitution of wood materials for high-performance plastics and plywood. The aim of this study is to prepare bio-composite materials using lignin as a natural adhesive to improve the water resistance and heat resistance of the board surface. Both sides of poplar (Populus spp) boards were uniformly coated with sulfated lignin or dealkalized lignin, and the boards were hot-pressed for 1 h at 30 MPa and 180°C. The experimental results show that the hot-pressing treatment makes the interior of the board more compact; the mechanical strength, waterproof performance, and thermal conductivity are improved. The effect of the lignin-coated samples is more significant after hot-pressing. The type and proportion of lignin have a great influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Among them, 6% sulfate lignin and 6% dealkali lignin samples showed the best mechanical properties, with the maximum tensile strength of 408.06 and 549.86 MPa, and the maximum bending strength of 320.10 and 356.42 MPa, respectively. The sample of 10% dealkali lignin has good hydrophobicity, and the contact angle is 111°. It is of great significance to improve the preparation schemes of new materials such as green artificial boards and biodegradable plastics.

CO₂-based polyols represent a significant advancement in carbon capture and utilization technologies, offering an innovative solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while producing value-added polymeric materials. This study investigates their synthesis using double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts and their application in rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). To address challenges in conventional CO₂ incorporation, novel initiators, including pentaerythritol propoxylate (PE-PO) and pentaerythritol ethoxylate (PE-EO), are evaluated. DMC catalysts are synthesized with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) as a complexing agent. Among the tested initiators, PE-PO demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving a CO₂ incorporation of 20.4 mol% at an optimal monomer-to-initiator molar ratio of 50. The resulting CO₂-based polyols are effectively utilized in RPUFs, which exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, uniform cell morphology, and stable thermal performance. The enhanced mechanical properties of the RPUFs correlate with an increase in carbonate linkages within the polymer backbone, leading to greater intermolecular interactions and improved structural integrity, as confirmed by FT-IR and compression tests. Beyond enhancing material performance, this approach contributes to sustainability by replacing conventional petroleum-based polyols. This work introduces a novel strategy for CO₂ integration into polyols, advancing the sustainable synthesis of high-performance RPUFs. The findings highlight the potential of novel initiators and DMC catalysts to overcome existing limitations, representing a significant step forward in eco-friendly polymer development.

Wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) present a transformative platform for integrating real-time health monitoring devices into everyday garments. Despite their promise, the development of flexible, efficient, and reliable on-body energy storage remains a major bottleneck. Inkjet printing, known for its precision and compatibility with various substrates, emerges as a viable method for fabricating energy devices on textiles. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise in prior studies for enabling flexible and high-performance energy storage in wearable electronics. Here, we present a novel strategy for engineering metal–organic framework (MOF)-based e-textiles as electrodes for a solid-state textile supercapacitor, utilizing inkjet printing technology. For the first time, standalone MOF inks were successfully deposited on textile substrates, producing highly flexible and washable conductive fabrics. These MOF-integrated textiles functioned as supercapacitor electrodes, achieving outstanding electrochemical performance with areal and gravimetric capacitances reaching ~354 mF cm⁻² and ~87 F g⁻¹, at a 1 mV s⁻¹ scan rate respectively. The devices also demonstrated a high energy density of approximately 196 μW h cm⁻² with a remarkable power density of ~54 385 μW cm⁻², with nearly 99% retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. These results establish MOF-based e-textiles as a promising avenue for the next-generation of wearable energy storage systems.