EcoMat最新文献

The use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has proved to be the most successful device-based therapy to reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease over decades. The evolution of power supplies always promotes the development of CIEDs from historical perspectives. However, with the increased demands of therapy energy, modern CIEDs still face huge challenges in terms of longevity, size, and reliability of power supplies. Recent advances in batteries and novel energy devices have provided promising approaches to improve power supplies and enhance the therapeutic capabilities of CIEDs. In this review, we will summarize the therapy energy in different types of CIEDs tailored to specific cardiovascular diseases and discuss the design criterion of implantable batteries. After overviewing the evolution of batteries, we will discuss emerging cutting-edge power technologies, including new battery systems, wearable power management platforms, wireless energy transfer, and leadless and unsealed devices.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been dominating the markets of electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Accurate monitoring of battery health status has been one of the most critical challenges of the battery industry. Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to battery health estimation as well as prediction. Here, by investigating the specific features and targets, we comprehensively discuss task-oriented ML implementation in various application scenarios in the field of battery health. This review explores the tasks assisted by ML based on multi-level cell degradation. We highlight opportunities and significance of considering the potential feature–target pair during the ML model training to identify more health information about LIBs as well as shed light into designing tasks for new application scenarios.

An effective method for obtaining large amounts of metal nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated by carbon layers through upcycling from floating-catalyst aerosol chemical vapor-deposited carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. NPs with diameters of less than 20 μm are selectively extracted from the synthesized carbon assortments through sonication, centrifugation, and filtration. The particles show an aggregation behavior owing to the π–π interaction between the graphitic carbon shells surrounding the iron carbides. By controlling the degree of the aggregation and arrangement, the light scattering by the gap-surface plasmon effect in perovskite solar cells is maximized. Application of the NPs to the devices increased the power conversion efficiency from 19.71% to 21.15%. The short-circuit current density (J_SC) trend over the particle aggregation time accounts for the plasmonic effect. The devices show high stability analogue to the control devices, confirming that no metal-ion migration took place thanks to the encapsulation.

All-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology is the focus of considerable interest owing to their safety and the fact that their high energy density meets the requirements of emerging battery applications, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESSs). In light of this, current research on high-energy ASSBs harnesses the benefits of solid-state battery systems by employing anode materials with high energy densities. Owing to the excellent physical safety of solid electrolytes, it is possible to build a battery with high energy density by using high-energy negative electrode materials and decreasing the amount of electrolyte in the battery system. Sulfide-based ASSBs with high ionic conductivity and low physical contact resistance is recently receiving considerable attention. This review provides a summary on various anode materials for ASSBs operating under electrochemically reducing conditions from the perspective of electrochemical and physical safety. The electrochemical and physical properties of sulfide electrolytes used for lithium (Li) metal and particle-type anode materials are presented, as well as strategies for mitigating interfacial failures in solid-state cells through interlayer and electrode design.

Developing cost–benefit and high-performance non-noble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is highly imperative for wide applications of renewable energy conversion devices. Herein, a one stone two birds phosphorization strategy has been proposed to synthesize hollow structured Cu/Cu₃P heterogeneous nanoparticles supported on N, P co-doped carbon (Cu/Cu₃P@NP-Cs). The optimized Cu/Cu₃P@NP-C-900 features high ORR performance under both alkaline and acidic conditions. Moreover, the Cu/Cu₃P@NP-C-900-drivened Zn-air battery exhibits a substantially higher power density output (148.2 mW cm⁻²) and stronger charge–discharge stability (300 h, 1805 cycles) than those of Pt/C-equipped counterpart. The cross-interface electron transfer from Cu₃P to Cu effectively regulates the d-band center of Cu/Cu₃P, thereby leading to the balanced adsorption/desorption energy of oxygen species. Meanwhile, the hollow structure maximizes the exposure of accessible active centers, resulting in much accelerated ORR kinetics. This work proposes an innovative insight for developing hollow hetero-structured catalysts to improve ORR performance.

Producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2 e⁻-ORR) is a promising alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process, because of its exceptional low-risk and distributed features. The low yield of H₂O₂ on typical electrocatalysts, usually associated with limited and vulnerable catalytically active sites on their surface, has been the major restriction for improving the practical viability of this technology. Herein, we report an ultrafast microwave-based strategy for constructing distant coordination of Co single-atom sites with secondary fluorene heterodopants on carbon nanotubes, which successfully converts the 2 e⁻-ORR active centers from a single Co atom to multiple surrounding carbon atoms, increasing both the quantity and durability of active sites for 2 e⁻-ORR. Consequently, a high H₂O₂ yield of up to 18.6 mol g⁻¹ L⁻¹ has been achieved, accompanied by a Faraday efficiency of 90%. Besides, an accumulative H₂O₂ concentration of 5.2 g L⁻¹ is obtained after 20 h electrocatalysis, showing the material's high stability and feasibility for practical applications. Density functional theory simulations confirm the optimal adsorption of *OOH on these carbon sites, providing very low kinetic barriers for 2 e⁻-ORR. Thus, this work provides a high-performance electrocatalyst for 2 e⁻-ORR, and more importantly strategy for promoting the performance of single-atom catalysts.

A smart textile that could harvest mechanical-energy for photo-thermal energy utilization facilitates the development of a flexible self-heating wearable device. This study presents novel triboelectric materials with a dynamic-bond-cross-linking azobenzene-based polymer (PAzo-M) with diverse metal ions. The flexible nylon fabric coated with PAzo-M (NF@PAzo-M) serves as a friction layer of the photothermal triboelectric nanogenerator (PT-TENG) to harvest human mechanical energy. The prepared PT-TENG could exhibit a maximum open-circuit voltage of up to 188.8 V with excellent electron loss capability because of its minimum vertical electron affinity of internal ion. And it can harvest mechanical energy from human motion (0.5–1 Hz) to drive the self-powering irradiation of ultraviolet light or visible light, leading to the reversible isomerization of NF@PAzo-M. The NF@PAzo-M textile cyclically utilizes photo-thermal energy for self-heating. These results suggest new opportunities to harvest human mechanical energy for self-powering multifunctional wearable devices for functions.

Fabrication of ceramic capacitors requires technological breakthroughs to address growing concerns regarding sustainability, cost, and increased power consumption in the manufacturing process. Low temperature sintered xBiScO₃-(1-x)BaTiO₃ (BS-BT) with x = 0.4 is found to possess excellent energy storage performance and temperature stability. The grain size decreases from 3.5 μm sintered at 1100°C to less than 0.5 μm sintered at 800°C, leading to much improved breakdown field and energy storage properties. Recoverable energy density of 4.7 J/cm³ with a high efficiency of 89% was obtained at an electric field of 390 kV/cm, showing an excellent temperature stability over temperature range of 25–200°C and fatigue endurance for more than 10⁵ cycles. Of particular importance is that the ceramic tape cofired with silver electrode over temperature range of 800–850°C shows no reaction and diffusion of silver at the electrode/ceramic interface, while a recoverable energy density of 3.3 J/cm³ was achieved with satisfactory efficiency of 80% at an electric field of 340 kV/cm when sintered in reduced atmosphere, expanding the electrode selection to low-cost base metal, such as Cu and Ni. This work provides a good paradigm in ceramic capacitor fabrications that will help reduce overall cost and power consumption by utilizing low temperature sintered lead-free dielectrics with comparable or even superior energy storage properties over state-of-the-art dielectrics.