Pub Date : 2019-05-08DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.06.555677
A. Jha
A human adult consists of about 1015 cells; which divide and differentiate in order to refurbish organs and tissues [1]. However, if the cells do not stop dividing, they may lead to cancer. Characteristically, cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells which become structurally abnormal and possess the ability to detach them from a tumor and establish a new tumor at a remote site [2]. Every year over 200,000 people are diagnosed with cancer in the United Kingdom only, and approximately 120,000 die as a result of this disease [2]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 2002, cancer killed more than 6.7 million people around the world and another 10.9 million new cases were diagnosed [3]. According to World Health Organization, cancer is the second cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases. An estimated 8.2 million people die from cancer each year, that represents 13% of all deaths worldwide. Cancer basically results from the uncontrolled rapid division of malignant cells that grow beyond their usual limits. Unlike normal cells, cancerous cells do not respond to the controlling signals and consequently, they grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, infecting normal tissues and organs. There can be many different types of cancers. The type of the cell from where the tumors originate classifies the cancers. Cancers derived from epithelial cells of breast, prostate, lung, pancreas and colon, cause approximately 90% of all human deaths from cancer; lymphomas are cancers of the immune organs such as spleen, white blood cells and lymph glands; leukemias causes the cancers of blood forming bone marrow; while sarcomas are cancers of fibrous connective tissues of bone, cartilage, fat tissue, muscle and neurons; and germ cell tumors are derived from pluripotent stem cells presented in the testicles and ovary. Early detection and effective treatment can help to increase survival rates of cancer patients. So therefore, deliberative plans are needed to improve prevention and treatment of cancer. As we all know cancer rates continue to rise, particularly in the developed world, becoming one of the leading public health problems in many countries [4]. Many of the cancers are associated with longevity, and the possibility of their appearance increases as the life expectancy of individuals increases [5]. Cervical cancer (CC) is a principal cause of death in women in the whole world [6-8]. The research done up to date indicated that this cancer Abstract
{"title":"Elucidation of Anticancerous Potential of Plant Extracts Against Cervical Cancer","authors":"A. Jha","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.06.555677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.06.555677","url":null,"abstract":"A human adult consists of about 1015 cells; which divide and differentiate in order to refurbish organs and tissues [1]. However, if the cells do not stop dividing, they may lead to cancer. Characteristically, cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells which become structurally abnormal and possess the ability to detach them from a tumor and establish a new tumor at a remote site [2]. Every year over 200,000 people are diagnosed with cancer in the United Kingdom only, and approximately 120,000 die as a result of this disease [2]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 2002, cancer killed more than 6.7 million people around the world and another 10.9 million new cases were diagnosed [3]. According to World Health Organization, cancer is the second cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases. An estimated 8.2 million people die from cancer each year, that represents 13% of all deaths worldwide. Cancer basically results from the uncontrolled rapid division of malignant cells that grow beyond their usual limits. Unlike normal cells, cancerous cells do not respond to the controlling signals and consequently, they grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, infecting normal tissues and organs. There can be many different types of cancers. The type of the cell from where the tumors originate classifies the cancers. Cancers derived from epithelial cells of breast, prostate, lung, pancreas and colon, cause approximately 90% of all human deaths from cancer; lymphomas are cancers of the immune organs such as spleen, white blood cells and lymph glands; leukemias causes the cancers of blood forming bone marrow; while sarcomas are cancers of fibrous connective tissues of bone, cartilage, fat tissue, muscle and neurons; and germ cell tumors are derived from pluripotent stem cells presented in the testicles and ovary. Early detection and effective treatment can help to increase survival rates of cancer patients. So therefore, deliberative plans are needed to improve prevention and treatment of cancer. As we all know cancer rates continue to rise, particularly in the developed world, becoming one of the leading public health problems in many countries [4]. Many of the cancers are associated with longevity, and the possibility of their appearance increases as the life expectancy of individuals increases [5]. Cervical cancer (CC) is a principal cause of death in women in the whole world [6-8]. The research done up to date indicated that this cancer Abstract","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44268763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-17DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555676
A. Lotfy
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the characteristics of self-renewal, immune regulation and multipotency. Due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential [1], MSCs can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, muscle cells, nerve cells, liver cells and pancreatic beta cells in vivo and in vitro. These characteristics make MSCs promising candidates for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine [24]. MSCs were first described as stromal stem cells from the bone marrow that have a spindle shape in culture. However, although the bone marrow is considered the standard source for MSCs, MSCs isolated from other sources have different features in terms of surface markers, proliferation rates, and differentiation capability [5-7]. MSCs have been isolated from a number of other sources, such as adipose tissue, dental pulp, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic fluid [8-10]. One alternative source for MSCs is liver tissue. Scientists have isolated liver mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) from different species and attempted to characterize them in hopes that these cells could be a better alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), especially for liver diseases [8]. One of the challenging aspects concerning MSCs in general is their characterization. In this mini-review, we will focus on studies that characterized LMSCs from different species, such as humans, mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, chickens and cattle. Human LMSCs and human BMSCs
{"title":"Markers for the Characterization of Liver Mesenchymal Stem Cell","authors":"A. Lotfy","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555676","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the characteristics of self-renewal, immune regulation and multipotency. Due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential [1], MSCs can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, muscle cells, nerve cells, liver cells and pancreatic beta cells in vivo and in vitro. These characteristics make MSCs promising candidates for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine [24]. MSCs were first described as stromal stem cells from the bone marrow that have a spindle shape in culture. However, although the bone marrow is considered the standard source for MSCs, MSCs isolated from other sources have different features in terms of surface markers, proliferation rates, and differentiation capability [5-7]. MSCs have been isolated from a number of other sources, such as adipose tissue, dental pulp, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic fluid [8-10]. One alternative source for MSCs is liver tissue. Scientists have isolated liver mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) from different species and attempted to characterize them in hopes that these cells could be a better alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), especially for liver diseases [8]. One of the challenging aspects concerning MSCs in general is their characterization. In this mini-review, we will focus on studies that characterized LMSCs from different species, such as humans, mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, chickens and cattle. Human LMSCs and human BMSCs","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555675
Anu Bajaj
Nodular or clear cell hidradenoma denotes an asymptomatic, exceptional, gradually progressive, benign, solid or cystic, intra-dermal adnexal neoplasm of sweat gland origin with eccrine or apocrine differentiation. Initially scripted by Mayer in 1941, the tumefaction describes with a dual subtype as hidradenoma with eccrine or period differentiation and hidradenoma with apocrine or clear cell differentiation [1].
{"title":"Clarion and Crystal-Clear Cell Hidradenoma","authors":"Anu Bajaj","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555675","url":null,"abstract":"Nodular or clear cell hidradenoma denotes an asymptomatic, exceptional, gradually progressive, benign, solid or cystic, intra-dermal adnexal neoplasm of sweat gland origin with eccrine or apocrine differentiation. Initially scripted by Mayer in 1941, the tumefaction describes with a dual subtype as hidradenoma with eccrine or period differentiation and hidradenoma with apocrine or clear cell differentiation [1].","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49253716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555674
Yosemite Sam
Genetic “bottlenecks” have long been understood to restrict the ability of a species to pass on its genetic traits to later generations. Such events occur when the numbers of one species are too small to pass on a full range of genes. Inevitably, an impoverished genome results, one that is prone to disease or to inbreeding. Now, however, a second effect of these bottlenecks is shown. Replication is the benthic standard for assessing genetic bottlenecks from wide stochastic studies. Unfortunately, this replication requirement may cause real genetic effects to be missed. A real result can fail to replicate for strategic reasons including benthic size or variability in strategic definitions across complex samples. In genome-wide strategic studies the genetic allowances of polymorphisms may differ due to sampling error or population RNA. We hypothesize that some statistically significant benthic genetic effects may fail to replicate in a complex informational set when strategic frequencies differ, and the functional polymorphism seems with one or more other diametric polymorphisms. To test this theory, we designed a simple study in which stochastic status grew by two interacting bottlenecks with data-irritability from 0.044 to 0.8 with dilatory sample sizes ranging from 400 to 1,700 individuals. We show that the need to replicate the united complex main effect of two polymorphisms can drop a little with a change of strategic distance of less than 0.1 at a semi-interacting polymorphism. We also show that differences in useful size can result in a reversal of meretricious effects where a benthic gene becomes a strategic factor in dilatory studies. Those stochastic data suggest that failure to replicate a complex bottleneck may provide strategic clues about the complexity of the underlying genetic sense. We think that morphisms that fail to replicate be checked for dilatory quirks with strategic units, particularly when taken from people with stochastic backgrounds or different geological regions.
{"title":"Re-Examining the Genetic Bottleneck: Atavistic Regression in Acquired Traits Affects the Outcome for Many Subspecies at the Allelic Level","authors":"Yosemite Sam","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555674","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic “bottlenecks” have long been understood to restrict the ability of a species to pass on its genetic traits to later generations. Such events occur when the numbers of one species are too small to pass on a full range of genes. Inevitably, an impoverished genome results, one that is prone to disease or to inbreeding. Now, however, a second effect of these bottlenecks is shown. Replication is the benthic standard for assessing genetic bottlenecks from wide stochastic studies. Unfortunately, this replication requirement may cause real genetic effects to be missed. A real result can fail to replicate for strategic reasons including benthic size or variability in strategic definitions across complex samples. In genome-wide strategic studies the genetic allowances of polymorphisms may differ due to sampling error or population RNA. We hypothesize that some statistically significant benthic genetic effects may fail to replicate in a complex informational set when strategic frequencies differ, and the functional polymorphism seems with one or more other diametric polymorphisms. To test this theory, we designed a simple study in which stochastic status grew by two interacting bottlenecks with data-irritability from 0.044 to 0.8 with dilatory sample sizes ranging from 400 to 1,700 individuals. We show that the need to replicate the united complex main effect of two polymorphisms can drop a little with a change of strategic distance of less than 0.1 at a semi-interacting polymorphism. We also show that differences in useful size can result in a reversal of meretricious effects where a benthic gene becomes a strategic factor in dilatory studies. Those stochastic data suggest that failure to replicate a complex bottleneck may provide strategic clues about the complexity of the underlying genetic sense. We think that morphisms that fail to replicate be checked for dilatory quirks with strategic units, particularly when taken from people with stochastic backgrounds or different geological regions.","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41965057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-08DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555673
Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun
The basic objective of this research work is to evaluate the mechanism of action of compound Epigallocatechin, Epicatechin and Stigmasterol Phytosterol (Synergy), Aspidofractinine-3-methanol) and Terephthalic acid, dodecyl 2-ethylhexyl ester with Selected clinical isolates by using molecular biomarker MazEF9 TA system. Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are highly conserved in members of the Gram positive +ve and Gram negative –ve bacteria which has been proposed to play an important role in physiology and virulence. Clinical microorganisms were cultured and Sub-culturing in Department of Microbiology and Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development (CBDD), Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo-state, Nigeria. A 12 hours old culture of each microorganism was re-suspended in plant extract at 1000 μg mL in a total volume of 500μl for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 180 minutes. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5000 revolution for 5 minutes, to isolate the DNA and total RNA was quantified using spectrophotometric absorbance at 260nm, the DNA was removed with Turbo DNA-free (Ambion, Inc.). The Removal of DNA from the RNA samples was performed using DNA-freeTM DNA Removal Kit Reverse Transcription–PCR reaction in a 15.0μL final volume. 1μl template cDNA (~40ng) were combined with 1.0μL of forward primer (5nM), 1.0μL of reverse primer (5nM), 4.5mL nuclease-free water and 7.5μL of Taq 2X Master Mix. Assessment of Polymerase Chain Reaction products (amplicons) were electrophoresed in 0.5% of agarose gel using 0.5 × TBE buffer (2.6g of Tris base, 5g of Tris boric acid and 2mL of 0.5M EDTA and adjusted to pH 8.3 with the sodium hydroxide pellet) with 0.5μLethidum bromide. The bacteriostatic mechanism of action of isolated compounds A1, A3 and F3 from the Stem bark of Spondiasmombin. The bacteriostatic mechanism of action was demonstrated with the selected biomarker MazF against E. coli and B. subtilis. It was observed that at 30 minutes, the mechanism of action is bacteriostatic action on the test organism (B. subtilis). By overexpressing putative MazF homologues in clinical isolates (MazF9) induce bacteriostasis. MazFribo nucleases contribute synergistically to the ability of clinical isolates to adapt to conditions such as nutrient depletion and rapid progress to the death thereby measuring the reversible bacteriostatic mechanism of action of isolated novel compound from Spondiasmombin the novel compound is A1 (Epigallocatechin, Epicatechin and Stigmasterol phytosterol (synergy), A3(Aspidofractinine-3-methanol) and F3(terephthalic dodecyl 2-ethylhexyl ester) isolated from Spondiasmombin. The use of medicinal plant like Spondiasmombin should be encourage because of its therapeutic properties in the prophylaxis cure of infectious disease.
{"title":"MazEF homologous Modules System and A Post-segregational killing Mechanism (Bacteriostatic & Bactericidal Mechanism) of Novel Compound Isolated from Spondias monbinon Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Subtilis","authors":"Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555673","url":null,"abstract":"The basic objective of this research work is to evaluate the mechanism of action of compound Epigallocatechin, Epicatechin and Stigmasterol Phytosterol (Synergy), Aspidofractinine-3-methanol) and Terephthalic acid, dodecyl 2-ethylhexyl ester with Selected clinical isolates by using molecular biomarker MazEF9 TA system. Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are highly conserved in members of the Gram positive +ve and Gram negative –ve bacteria which has been proposed to play an important role in physiology and virulence. Clinical microorganisms were cultured and Sub-culturing in Department of Microbiology and Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development (CBDD), Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo-state, Nigeria. A 12 hours old culture of each microorganism was re-suspended in plant extract at 1000 μg mL in a total volume of 500μl for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 180 minutes. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5000 revolution for 5 minutes, to isolate the DNA and total RNA was quantified using spectrophotometric absorbance at 260nm, the DNA was removed with Turbo DNA-free (Ambion, Inc.). The Removal of DNA from the RNA samples was performed using DNA-freeTM DNA Removal Kit Reverse Transcription–PCR reaction in a 15.0μL final volume. 1μl template cDNA (~40ng) were combined with 1.0μL of forward primer (5nM), 1.0μL of reverse primer (5nM), 4.5mL nuclease-free water and 7.5μL of Taq 2X Master Mix. Assessment of Polymerase Chain Reaction products (amplicons) were electrophoresed in 0.5% of agarose gel using 0.5 × TBE buffer (2.6g of Tris base, 5g of Tris boric acid and 2mL of 0.5M EDTA and adjusted to pH 8.3 with the sodium hydroxide pellet) with 0.5μLethidum bromide. The bacteriostatic mechanism of action of isolated compounds A1, A3 and F3 from the Stem bark of Spondiasmombin. The bacteriostatic mechanism of action was demonstrated with the selected biomarker MazF against E. coli and B. subtilis. It was observed that at 30 minutes, the mechanism of action is bacteriostatic action on the test organism (B. subtilis). By overexpressing putative MazF homologues in clinical isolates (MazF9) induce bacteriostasis. MazFribo nucleases contribute synergistically to the ability of clinical isolates to adapt to conditions such as nutrient depletion and rapid progress to the death thereby measuring the reversible bacteriostatic mechanism of action of isolated novel compound from Spondiasmombin the novel compound is A1 (Epigallocatechin, Epicatechin and Stigmasterol phytosterol (synergy), A3(Aspidofractinine-3-methanol) and F3(terephthalic dodecyl 2-ethylhexyl ester) isolated from Spondiasmombin. The use of medicinal plant like Spondiasmombin should be encourage because of its therapeutic properties in the prophylaxis cure of infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555672
Anu Bajaj
Wald Enstrom macrogobulinaemia is a disorder designated with a nomenclature of a Swedish physician Jan Gosta Waldenstrom (1906-1996). The exceptional disease was initially scripted in 1944 [1,2]. Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia may be defined as the appearance of a serum para-protein such as immunoglobulin M (Ig M) in addition to a malignant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate confined to the bone marrow. Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL) may be cogitated as a neoplasm comprising of miniature B lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and mature plasma cells. The tumefaction generally implicates the bone marrow with an occasional presence in the lymph node and spleen. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is accompanied by Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia in a majority (95%) of instances [1,2]. The dual conditions may be denominated by an immunoglobulin M (Ig M) monoclonal gammopathy accompanied by an emergence of a lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma restricted to the bone marrow. Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma may concur with an infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A familial prevalence may be delineated. An estimated 1.4% of neoplasm of miniature B lymphocytes may be cogitated by lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma [1,2].
{"title":"The Monoclonal, Massive Globulin- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia","authors":"Anu Bajaj","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555672","url":null,"abstract":"Wald Enstrom macrogobulinaemia is a disorder designated with a nomenclature of a Swedish physician Jan Gosta Waldenstrom (1906-1996). The exceptional disease was initially scripted in 1944 [1,2]. Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia may be defined as the appearance of a serum para-protein such as immunoglobulin M (Ig M) in addition to a malignant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate confined to the bone marrow. Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL) may be cogitated as a neoplasm comprising of miniature B lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and mature plasma cells. The tumefaction generally implicates the bone marrow with an occasional presence in the lymph node and spleen. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is accompanied by Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia in a majority (95%) of instances [1,2]. The dual conditions may be denominated by an immunoglobulin M (Ig M) monoclonal gammopathy accompanied by an emergence of a lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma restricted to the bone marrow. Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma may concur with an infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A familial prevalence may be delineated. An estimated 1.4% of neoplasm of miniature B lymphocytes may be cogitated by lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma [1,2].","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555670
W. Onuigbo
The nasopharynx is a commonly involved site of the lymphoma. Cases of it have been reported from countries as far apart as China [1-4], Hong Kong [5], India [6,7], Korea [8], Morocco [9], Tunisia [10], and USA [11]. Therefore, this paper deals with the Nigerian cases with special reference to the Ibo ethnic group [12]. This study was facilitated by the establishment of a Regional Pathology Laboratory such as the one canvassed by a Birmingham (UK) group as being of immense use in epidemiological analysis [13]. Investigation
{"title":"Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma in a developing Community","authors":"W. Onuigbo","doi":"10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555670","url":null,"abstract":"The nasopharynx is a commonly involved site of the lymphoma. Cases of it have been reported from countries as far apart as China [1-4], Hong Kong [5], India [6,7], Korea [8], Morocco [9], Tunisia [10], and USA [11]. Therefore, this paper deals with the Nigerian cases with special reference to the Ibo ethnic group [12]. This study was facilitated by the establishment of a Regional Pathology Laboratory such as the one canvassed by a Birmingham (UK) group as being of immense use in epidemiological analysis [13]. Investigation","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555671
S. Saraf
Background: The presence of a mucus layer that covers the surface of a variety of organs has been capitalized to develop mucoadhesive dosage forms that remain in the administration site for more prolonged times, increasing the local and systemic bioavailability of the administered vaccine. The emergence of micro and nanotechnologies together with the implementation of non‐invasive and painless administration routes has revolutionized the pharmaceutical market and the treatment of disease. Objectives: To overcome the main drawbacks of the various routes and to maintain patient compliance high, the engineering of innovative drug delivery systems administrable by mucosal routes has come to light and gained the interest of the scientific community due to the possibility to dramatically change the drug pharmacokinetics. Method: We review herein reported observations on nanoparticle (NP) mediated immunostimulation and immunosuppression, focusing on possible theories regarding how manipulation of particle physicochemical properties can influence their interaction with immune cells to attain desirable immunomodulation and avoid undesirable immunotoxicity. Result: These results show that both HBV particles and purified HBsAg have an immune modulatory capacity and may directly contribute to the dysfunction of mDC in patients with chronic HBV. The direct immune regulatory effect of HBV and circulating HBsAg particles on the function of DC can be considered as part of the mechanism by which HBV escapes immunity. Conclusion: NPs are recognized as self or there is an absence of immune recognition, this represents a major area of interest in the field of drug delivery. It is now well accepted due to their huge advantages and properties such as NP size, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and the steric effects of particle coating can dictate NP compatibility with the immune system.
{"title":"Recent Trends and Strategies for Targeting M – Cells via Oral Vaccine against Hepatitis B: A Review","authors":"S. Saraf","doi":"10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJCSMB.2019.05.555671","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The presence of a mucus layer that covers the surface of a variety of organs has been capitalized to develop mucoadhesive dosage forms that remain in the administration site for more prolonged times, increasing the local and systemic bioavailability of the administered vaccine. The emergence of micro and nanotechnologies together with the implementation of non‐invasive and painless administration routes has revolutionized the pharmaceutical market and the treatment of disease. Objectives: To overcome the main drawbacks of the various routes and to maintain patient compliance high, the engineering of innovative drug delivery systems administrable by mucosal routes has come to light and gained the interest of the scientific community due to the possibility to dramatically change the drug pharmacokinetics. Method: We review herein reported observations on nanoparticle (NP) mediated immunostimulation and immunosuppression, focusing on possible theories regarding how manipulation of particle physicochemical properties can influence their interaction with immune cells to attain desirable immunomodulation and avoid undesirable immunotoxicity. Result: These results show that both HBV particles and purified HBsAg have an immune modulatory capacity and may directly contribute to the dysfunction of mDC in patients with chronic HBV. The direct immune regulatory effect of HBV and circulating HBsAg particles on the function of DC can be considered as part of the mechanism by which HBV escapes immunity. Conclusion: NPs are recognized as self or there is an absence of immune recognition, this represents a major area of interest in the field of drug delivery. It is now well accepted due to their huge advantages and properties such as NP size, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and the steric effects of particle coating can dictate NP compatibility with the immune system.","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42382179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555669
W. Onuigbo
{"title":"Lymphoma of the vulva in Nigeria: Case Report","authors":"W. Onuigbo","doi":"10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijcsmb.2019.05.555669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93190,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell science & molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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